I-Triumph Spitfire yasungulwa ngo-1962 ukukhuphisana ne-Austin-Healey Sprite, kodwa kwangaloo nyaka omnye umntu okhuphisana naye wavela-MGB. Ndiyabulela kwisakhiwo se-chassis esizimeleyo, i-Triumph's Herald ibonelela ngeqonga eligqibeleleyo lophuhliso lwendlela entsha enezihlalo ezimbini, nokuba isixhobo somatshini sithathwe kwinqanaba le-8 kwi-1953.
Ukuphumelela akunikezeli amandla amaninzi, kodwa kuphela i-670 kg yobunzima, ukusebenza kungcono kunokuba ucinga-ingakumbi xa i-1147cc-cylinder emine ixhotyiswe nge-carbohydrates ezimbini, i-camshafts eshushu kunye ne-manifolds yokuphefumla ngokukhululekile.
Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwayo phantse iminyaka engama-20, injini iye yaveliswa ngokuqhubekayo, umzimba wenziwa ngokutsha, yaye ukuxhonywa kuye kwaphuculwa ukuze kube nokuqikelelwa ngakumbi indlela yokuphatha imoto. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye kwezi moto ngokukhawuleza, kwaye akukho élan enokubonelela ngo-Elan, kodwa awuyi kuhlawula ixabiso leLotus.
Kukho iiprojekthi ezininzi malunga ne-Spitfire, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukulungisa imoto ngokuchanekileyo, kwanasekhaya, nokuba uthenge into efuna ukulungiswa, unokwenza ibhalansi elungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono uthenge enye yezi okanye imoto elunge kakhulu-hayi into phakathi. Uya kuhlawula kakhulu imoto efuna umsebenzi omninzi.
Akukho mahluko mninzi kumaxabiso phakathi kokwahluka kweSpitfire incarnations; iimoto kamva ziyasebenza ngakumbi, kodwa iimoto zangaphambili zibonelela ngobunyulu boyilo oluphezulu. Ke ngoko, zonke zifunwa ngokulinganayo-nangona i-Mk3 ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yemigca yayo engcono kune-MkIV kunye ne-1500, iyasebenziseka.
Iinjini ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zifakwe kumjikelo wobomi beSpitfire, nganye efakwe kwezinye iimodeli kuthotho lweTriumph. Ekubeni i-Spitfire idla ngokuba yeyona ilungelelanisiweyo kwiklasi yayo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba i-injini oyifakile yeyalo njini, kuba isixhobo esingenamandla asezantsi sihlala sithatyathelwa indawo zezinye iimodeli zeTriumph.
Onke amanani enjini yeSpitfire aqala ngoF: FC yeMkI/MkII, FD yeMkIII, FH yeMkIV (kodwa iFK yeemoto zaseMelika) kunye neFH ye1500 (FM yeemoto zaseMelika). Noko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kufakwe ezinye izinto, njengokuqalisa iinjini zeG (Pioneer), D (Dolomite), okanye iY (1500 sedan).
I-MkI kunye ne-MkII Spitfires zixhotyiswe ngeenjini ze-1147cc, kodwa kuba ezi moto zangaphambili zinqabile, akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane imoto exhotyiswe enye yezi yunithi zamandla anamandla. Nokuba ufumene imoto yesizukulwana sokuqala okanye sesibini, ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe injini ngeyunithi yamva. I-MkIII ixhotyiswe ngeyunithi yamandla ye-1296cc, eyongezwe kwi-MkIV, kodwa inamandla amancinci ngenxa yezixhobo zokulawula ukukhutshwa.
Izizukulwana ezithathu zokuqala ze-Spitfire fighters zisebenzisa i-gearbox ye-manual ene-speed manual, kunye nazo zonke iigiya ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokuqala sokusebenzisa i-synchromsh. I-MkIV ixhotyiswe nge-gearbox efanayo, kodwa ine-synchronizers kuzo zonke i-gear ratios, ngelixa i-1500 ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo esivela e-Marina, esona sihlala sihlala kuzo zonke iibhokisi zegiya.
• I-injini: ii-injini ze-1147cc kunye ne-1296cc zomelele kakhulu, kodwa zonke ii-injini ze-Spitfire kufuneka zifakelwe isihluzo se-oyile esichanekileyo ukunqanda ukuba zingasileli phambi kwexesha. Isihluzi sinevalve yokukhangela ukuthintela i-oyile ukuba ibuyele epanini yeoli xa imoto ihamba; ukuba kukho i-rattling eninzi xa imoto iqala, kungenxa yokuba isiphelo esikhulu se-crankshaft sinesandi esinjalo, mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba uhlobo oluchanekileyo alufakwanga Isihluzo. Nje ukuba oku kusenzeka, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha okusezantsi kuyafuneka.
• Ii-injini ezincinci: Ezi njini zimbini zincinci zinokuhamba ngesantya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100,000 yeemayile ngaphandle kwengxaki. Uphawu lokuqala lokunxiba ludla ngokuba ngenxa yokubola kwe-rocker shaft kunye nengalo ye-rocker ebangela ukuba incam ingcangcazele. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokwakhiwa ngokutsha komgangatho ophezulu.
• Ithrust washer: Ingxaki ehlala ichaphazela ii-injini ze-1296cc kukuguga kwethrust washer, eyenziwa kukushukuma okugqithileyo kokubuya naphambili kwecrankshaft. Eyona ndlela ilula yokukhangela oku kukutyhala nokutsala ipuli yangaphambili; nayiphi na intshukumo ebonwayo ithetha intlekele enokwenzeka, njengoko i-crankshaft kunye nebhloko yesilinda zinokonakaliswa ekugqibeleni. I-MkIV Spitfires ithandwa kakhulu kwezi ngxaki; xa i-injini ikhala, mamela ukuduma ukusuka ezantsi.
• Ukunxitywa kweCrankshaft: I-injini ye-1493cc efakwe kwi-Spitfire 1500 ineengxaki zayo kuba i-crankshaft kunye neepiston kunye neringi zepiston zinxitywe kakhulu. Zilumkele iirattles kunye nomsi oluhlaza.
• I-gearbox: Zonke iibhokisi zegiya zinobomi obude benkonzo, kodwa uhambo olude kakhulu luya kufuna ukulungiswa.
• I-synchro: I-synchronizer idla ngokuba sisenzo sokuqala, ngoko ke khangela nayiphi na imiqobo xa unyuka usihla. Kwakhona mamela ukukhalaza, okubonisa ukuba igiya igugile okanye iyaduma, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-bearing izakuwa.
• Umthwalo ogqithisileyo: Ii-Spitfires ezininzi zine-overload, ezinokubangela iingxaki. Into yokuqala yokujonga xa ingabandakanyekanga ingaba umsebenzi wombane uqhelekileyo; zidla ngokuba ngoyena nobangela wengxaki. Ukuba akunjalo, inqanaba leoli linokuba liwele ngaphantsi kwexabiso elincinci. Eyona meko imbi kakhulu kukuphinda kwakhiwe igiya le-overdrive, ixabiso limalunga ne-250 yeedola.
• Qhuba ishafti: Ukuba i-drive shaft ifuna ukulungelelana, iya kungcangcazela ngesantya esithile kwaye iya kunyamalala emva kokukhawuleza. Xa i-drive ihleli xa isiya phambili okanye ngasemva, i-gimbal egugileyo iyajingiswa kude.
• I-Clutch: I-clutch ayinazo iingxaki ezikhethekileyo, ngoko jonga nje ukuba iyatyibilika xa ikhawuleza okanye iyangcangcazela xa i-clutch ikhululwa.
• Umahluko: Umahluko uya kukhala xa unxibile. Nokuba izinto zivakala zimbi, i-asi yangasemva iya kuqhubeka isiya phambili, kodwa oku kuyafuneka ukuba kulungiswe.
• Ukunqunyanyiswa: Ukunqunyanyiswa okungaphambili kweSpitfire ngokwayo kulula ukusebenza ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwebhonethi ejingisiweyo. Oku kukwalungile, kuba kukho zonke iintlobo zezinto ezinokubangela ingxaki-kodwa zonke zibiza kakhulu kwaye zilula kakhulu ukuzifaka.
• Ukutyholwa: Isihlahla senayiloni esikwitrani yobhedu siya kuguga, ngoko ungasebenzisa icrowbar ukudlala. Ukuba i-oyile ye-EP90 ayimpontshwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu okanye kunjalo, eyona ngxaki iphambili kwi-trunnion kukunxitywa kobhedu olunemisonto engezantsi.
• Iibhutsi zerabha: Kukho ezinye iibhutsi zerabha ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ixesha lokunqunyanyiswa, zonke ziya kunyamalala ngexesha elithile-kodwa ukuba ufuna ukufaka ikhithi entsha epheleleyo, ukuba ufuna ukuyibuyisela, ixabiso labo litshiphu kakhulu.
• I-Anti-roll bar: Ikhonkco ye-anti-roll ingaqhawulwa, kodwa ixabisa i-£8 kuphela, ngoko ungakhathazeki. Kukwanjalo nakulo lonke ukumiswa kwangaphambili. Kukho ubuthathaka obahlukeneyo obunokubakho, kodwa bonke banokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza nangexabiso eliphantsi.
• Iibheringi: Iibheringi zamavili ziya kuguga, ngokunjalo nesiphelo sentonga yengoma, indawo yokubeka kunye nejoyini yebhola engaphezulu ebekwe kumphezulu womnqweno wokufuna. Izibiyeli ze-rubber bogie nazo zingonakala, ngokwesiqhelo emva kokuba zimanziswe kwi-oyile yenjini evuzayo. Olona khetho lwakho lungcono kukuva umdlalo ngokuya ngezantsi.
• Ukunqunyanyiswa: Ukunqunyanyiswa okungasemva nako kunokuba neengxaki, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukuhlengahlengisa, ngaphandle kwesinye esibalulekileyo; iibheringi zamavili. Ezi zigugile kwaye kunzima ukuzisusa xa kufuneka umatshini wokushicilela.
• Intlakohlaza kunye ne-shock absorber: Ukongeza kwi-shock absorber kulula ukubuyisela ukuguga okanye ukuvuza, ingxaki enokwenzeka kuphela kukuba i-spring spring yamagqabi iyancipha. Ukuba umphezulu wevili uyanyamalala ngaphezu kwe-arch yevili, i-spring kufuneka itshintshwe.
• Ukuqhuba: I-Rack-and-pinion steering ayinakwenzeka ukuba nayo nayiphi na ingxaki kuba ayizukuthatha uxinzelelo olukhulu, nangona isangqa seSpitfire esijikayo sixinene kakhulu.
• I-Braking: Imeko iyafana kwi-braking. Zezemveli ngokupheleleyo, ke kufuneka uhoye kuphela ukuvuza kwesilinda esingasemva, iicaliper piston jam, kunye neejam zehandbrake. Zonke iindawo ziyafumaneka.
• Umhlwa: Umhlwa lolona tshaba lweSpitfire; inokubetha iqokobhe lomzimba kunye ne-chassis, kwaye umda ubalulekile kumandla emoto.
• Ukulungiswa kwendlu ngendlu: Abanini beemoto abaninzi bayayilungisa iSpitfire yabo ekhaya kwaye abayixhasi iqokobhe lomzimba xa betshintsha amacango amacandelo amathathu, agqwesa iqokobhe lomzimba.
• Iifestile zeefestile: Qala ujonge ukuthembeka kweesill zefestile; indawo apho zidibana khona nephiko lomsila yeyona ndawo inokuthi ibe nomhlwa. Xa sele ibolile, ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kuya kufuna ubuchule.
• Amanzi kwi sill yefestile: Kwakhona jonga kumphetho wefestile nganye; imingxunya inokuvela apha. Amanzi aya kungena, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu kuyo yonke ifestile yefestile.
• Ukubola: Kukho iindawo ezibolileyo ezingakumbi ekufuneka zijongwe: iipaneli zekota yangasemva, umzantsi wocango, umgangatho wetrunk kunye nefreyimu ye-windshield zonke zisenokuba nomhlwa kakhulu.
• Ukubola okungaphezulu: kuyafana nakwiintsika ze-A, ii-arches zamavili (ngaphakathi nangaphandle), kunye nezijikelezi-langa zezibane zangaphambili kunye neekhethini zangaphambili.
• Umhlwa othe chatha: umgangatho nawo uya kuba nomhlwa, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokuba ukubola kunwenwela kwifestile yefestile, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokuba umngxuma ongezantsi uzaliswe ngamanzi.
• Isikhewu sephaneli: Okulandelayo, khangela ukuba ucango luvaliwe na, ucango kufuneka lujonge ezantsi. Ukuba imoto ayilungiswanga kakuhle kwaye i-casing ijijekile kwinkqubo, umnyango awuyi kugungxulwa kude kube phantsi kwaye umgca wokuvala awuyi kuba.
• Ukonakaliswa kweengozi: Amathuba okwenzakala kwengozi nawo aphezulu, kuba ezi moto zihlala zitsala abaqhubi abangenamava emva kokuba bonwabele ulonwabo olungabizi mali ininzi. Ukuba imoto iye yafumana ukuguqulwa okukhulu, umonakalo uya kubonakala; nayiphi na impembelelo eyaneleyo ukuphazamisa i-chassis engundoqo iya kulimaza ipaneli ethambileyo yemoto.
• Umonakalo we-Chassis: Iimpembelelo ezincinci zinokubangela iingxaki ezininzi, njengoko kunokuba nzima ukuzibona. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iphaneli ifakwe kuyo yonke indawo yangaphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba umzila we-chassis wangaphambili oqhotyoshelwe kwi-drapery wonakaliswe.
• Iimveliso ze-elektroniki: Nangona uhlobo oluthile lwengxaki yombane lunokwenzeka, idla ngokuba kukungasekelwanga kakuhle okanye ukusilela kwezinye izinto ezitshintshiweyo ezinexabiso eliphantsi. Yonke into iyafumaneka kwaye ingena ngaphandle kweengxaki.
• Sika: Kwakhona, ukucheba akufuneki kubangele naziphi na iingxaki, kuba uninzi lwayo lwenziwa ngokutsha. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindawo zeemoto zakuqala kunzima ukuzazi, kodwa ukuba ufuna i-MkIV okanye i-1500, ungayibuyisela imoto kwiinkcukacha zayo zangaphambili okanye uyiphucule ngokulula nangexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngo-1967: I-MkIII yaphuma, ixhotyiswe nge-injini ye-1296cc, i-hood ekulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye neendlela ezilungisiweyo.
Ngo-1970: I-MkIV izisa enye i-facelift, kunye nebhokisi yegiya elungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuphathwa okuqikelelwayo ngakumbi, ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokunqunyanyiswa okungasemva.
I-1973: Inguqulo ye-1500 yakhululwa, kuphela kwimarike yase-US. Ekubeni zonke izixhobo zokulawula ukukhutshwa kufuneka zifakwe, injini enkulu iyafuneka. Kukho kwakhona umkhondo obanzi onqabileyo wokoyisa iingxaki zokusetyenzwa.
I-stimulus ayibizi kakhulu kunenye yazo. I-Spitfire inexabiso eliphantsi kune-MG Midget okanye i-B elinganayo, kwaye inokuba yeyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi yokonwabela ukuqhuba ngaphandle kwe-topless. Ngexabiso elincinci, ungathenga i-Spitfire engakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhamba; ukuba uneseti yesokethi esandleni, ungathenga into nge-1,000 yeeponti.
Ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luqinile kakhulu, kuya kuba nzima kuwe ukuba ufumane nantoni na enikezela ngokuzonwabisa okufanayo njengeSpitfire, kodwa ixabiso eliphantsi elinjalo liyikrele elibukhali kabini, kuba ngenxa yoko, kukho inkunkuma eninzi ekhoyo. Ukuba uthenga isithuthi sokwakha, Ukwazi ukuba kufuna umsebenzi omninzi, kulungile.
Uninzi lweemoto ngoku zilungisiwe kwaye kunzima ukufumana imvelaphi; Iinkqubo zokuxhoma, ii-exhausts, ii-injini kunye namavili zihlala ziphuculwa, ngoko ungalindeli ukufumana iimoto ezijijekileyo. Ukungabikho kwemvelaphi ngokuqhelekileyo akuyiyo ingxaki (nangona ingaba yingxaki kuwe), kodwa ukulungiswa kakubi kuyingxaki kuba abaninzi abahlaziyi bezindlu banqumla amazinyo kwiimoto ezifana ne-Spitfires.
Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kulula ukubona isidenge ngaphezu kwamanyathelo ali-100 kude, ke nceda uthenge ngamehlo akho avulekileyo kwaye ulungele ukonwaba ngexabiso eliphantsi. Iimoto zamandulo ngokuqinisekileyo zezona zixabisekileyo. Iimodeli ze-Mk1, Mk2 kunye ne-Mk3 zonke zinexabiso elimalunga ne-8,000 yeedola ngokweyona meko yazo intle.
Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lemoto yi-3000-5000 pounds, kwaye iprojekthi iqala malunga neepounds eziyi-1000. Kamva iimodeli ze-Mk4 kunye ne-1500 ziseziimodeli ezitshiphu, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu malunga ne-5500 yeponti, kunye ne-treadmill ezilungileyo kwimarike zithengisa nge-2000-3750 yeponti. Iprojekthi esebenzayo inokufumaneka ngexabiso elimalunga ne-850 yeedola.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-16-2021
