Ngokuqala ukusebenza kweNgqungquthela Yamanzi Ye-IMO Ballast ngoSepthemba 2017, abanikazi bemikhumbi bebelokhu becela inkampani yaseFinland yokwakha umkhumbi kanye nobunjiniyela be-offshore ukuthi yenze ukuhlola okuzimele kohlelo lwayo lokulungiswa kwesistimu yokulawulwa kwamanzi e-ballast.
Ukwengezwa kwamasignesha kuNgqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ka-2004 Yokulawula Nokuphathwa Kwemikhumbi I-Ballast Water and Sediments ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula akulifihli iqiniso lokuthi lesi yisinyathelo se-IMO okuke kwaphikiswana ngaso kusukela sasungulwa. Amazwe angama-52 asayine ku-IMO manje adlula lawo angama-30 adingekayo, kodwa “kuphela” enza u-35.1441% wamathani omhlaba, okungaphezudlwana nje komkhawulo wama-35% odingekayo ukuze ukuqinisekiswa kuqale ukusebenza ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kamuva. Manje, “insimbi” engokomthetho ibonakala isiseduze, kodwa ayikaqedwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-2016, abanikazi bemikhumbi bathatha izinto ezandleni zabo futhi bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuhlinzeka ngezimpendulo zobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu kwesistimu yokulawula amanzi e-ballast yemikhumbi ekhona.
I-Foreship, inkampani ehamba phambili yezobunjiniyela kwezokwakha umkhumbi kanye ne-offshore, isanda kunikeza izincomo ezinemininingwane mayelana nezinketho zokubuyisela kabusha, futhi ucwaningo lokungenzeka luhlanganisa umkhumbi owodwa. I-Foreship ihlola izixazululo ezihlukene zobuchwepheshe nobuchwepheshe obufanayo bezinhlobo zemikhumbi ehlukahlukene neminyaka yemikhumbi evela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene, futhi ihlola wonke umsebenzi wokufaka, indawo yokufaka, nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kwesikhashana nokungunaphakade.
U-Olli Somerkallio, inhloko yomnyango wemishini yakwaForeship, wachaza ukuthi nakuba ukukhetha phakathi kwezinhlelo nakanjani kuzoqondiswa yizindleko, ukuqhathanisa kungase kungabi lula kangako.
“Sigxile ezintweni ezithinta ukufakwa kwezinto, okuyisikhala semishini, amapayipi kanye nokuhambisana nogesi,” kusho uSomerkallio. "Ukuze kukhiqizwe imiphumela ephusile, ubungcweti bokwakha imikhumbi, ubunjiniyela basolwandle kanye nokuziphatha kwemikhumbi kuyadingeka."
Izidingo zezinga lokugeleza kwamanzi embonini yomkhumbi ohamba ngomkhumbi ngokuvamile ziba ngaphansi kwama-cubic metres angu-500 ngehora, okuye kwashukumisela abanikazi bemikhumbi ukuba bakhethe ubuchwepheshe be-BWMS obusekelwe e-ultraviolet, okwenza izinhlobo ezihlaselayo “zingasindeki” kunokuba zizibulale. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kubikwe kabanzi, i-US Coast Guard ayikakavumi ekugcineni izinga lokuhlola le-UV.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ye-UV ayisebenzi kumazinga amakhulu okugeleza adingwa uhlelo oluyinhloko lwamanzi e-ballast emikhunjini emikhulu ethwala impahla (njengamathangi kawoyela kanye nabathwali benqwaba). Lapha, i-electrochlorination (EC) isibe yisixazululo esithandwayo. I-EC ikhiqiza izibulala-magciwane ezisekelwe ku-chlorine ngokudlula i-current ngqo emanzini ukuze isabele nge-sodium chloride. I-chlorine yamahhala ephumayo izobulala amabhaktheriya namanye ama-microorganisms emathangeni e-ballast. Esigabeni se-de-ballasting, okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine kuyakalwa bese kwethulwa i-agent engathathi hlangothi njengoba kudingeka.
U-Somerkallio uphakamise ukuthi abanikazi bemikhumbi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi amapayipi engeziwe, ukufakwa okuhlobene nama-valve adingwa uhlelo lokulawula amanzi e-ballast, kanye nesistimu yokulawula amanzi e-ballast ngokwayo, yonke imithombo yokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi, futhi yiziphi amaphampu e-ballast okufanele abe nokucindezela okwanele kwekhanda. ukuzixazulula. Uthe iForeship isebenzisa ukuhlaziya ukulahleka kwengcindezi njengengxenye yocwaningo lwayo lokuthi kungenzeka yini ngoba kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe impompi noma i-motor. "Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kushintshwe iphampu yonke," esho.
USomerkallio uthe kumele kucatshangelwe ngokukhethekile amathangi, ngoba ukusebenza kwamanzi e-ballast kwenzeka ngemuva nangemuva, futhi amathangi e-ballast angemuva ngokuvamile aqukethe amanzi angaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni komkhumbi ngaphandle kwezihibe. Lapha, iphampu yesistimu ye-ballast eyinhloko itholakala ekamelweni lepompo lempahla (indawo eyingozi), ngakho ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukupompa amanzi ku-tip tank etholakala endaweni ephephile. Iphampu yangemuva ayikwazi ukuxhunywa ngokuqondile ku-BWMS eyinhloko.
Umkhumbi kawoyela ojwayelekile webanga eliphakathi ungase ube nesidingo sokugeleza esingu-2000 m3/h kusistimu ye-ballast eyinhloko, ehlukaniswe ngamathangi e-port kanye ne-starboard ballast. Lokhu kungasingathwa ama-BWMS amabili ngalinye linomthamo ongu-1000m3/h noma i-BWMS eyodwa, lapho womabili amaphampu exhunywe ohlelweni olufanayo lokwelapha. Isidingo samanzi se-aft tank ballast ngasinye sizosingathwa yiphampu yesevisi yendawo yonke, exhunywe kwi-BWMS encane, enezinga lokugeleza lika-250-300 cubic metres ngehora (isibonelo).
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lokungenzeka lwe-Foreship luhlaziye ngokuningiliziwe izisombululo ezimbili ze-EC ezivela kubakhiqizi abaqhudelanayo: eyodwa isebenzisa i-EC ngokujwayelekile; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-EC yenzeka endaweni engenela, futhi “amakhemikhali” ethulwa emathangeni e-ballast.
USomerkallio uthi, empeleni, amasistimu ajwayelekile awanzima kangako, alula, futhi mancane, futhi asebenzisa amandla angaphansi ngo-25% kunezinhlelo eziseceleni. Kodwa-ke, wengeze ukuthi izici ezihlobene nokufakwa, ukusebenza, nokuphepha zingaqinisekisa isisombululo se-sidestream.
“Isibonelo, ngokomkhiqizi, ngenxa yomklamo okhethekile wama-electrode nezinto zokwakha, uhlelo lwayo oluvamile lwe-EC lungasebenza ngosawoti ophansi kakhulu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukusebenza emanzini anosawoti acishe abe ngu-zero njengamaLwandle Amakhulu. Uhlangothi Uhlelo lokugeleza alunayo imikhawulo enjalo; uma usawoti ungaphansi kwe-15 PSU, amanzi olwandle agciniwe angasetshenziswa."
Amasistimu okugeleza alandelanayo nawo angasebenza emanzini abandayo kangcono kunezinhlelo ezijwayelekile.
Ngokufanayo, umthamo wesistimu ye-sidestream ungase ube kabili kunesistimu evamile, futhi isisindo senyuke ngo-60%. Leli yiqiniso elingenakugwenywa, kodwa u-Somerkallio waveza ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza ukuthi i-BWMS eyengeziwe ithatha indawo kuphi. Wachaza ukuthi uhlelo oluvamile oluya phambili ludinga i-deckhouse eyengeziwe eyengeziwe yamayunithi amabili e-EC kanye nezihlungi ezimbili, kuyilapho isisombululo esincane se-lateral flow deckhouse siletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kuyunithi ye-EC kanye nezinye izinto ezisizayo. Ukubeka amadigri enkululeko.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhala saphansi, izixazululo ezivamile zingadinga izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zendawo edingekayo ukuze kube nezixazululo zokugeleza ohlangothini, kodwa uma uhlelo olulodwa lokugeleza ohlangothini lusebenza kuwo wonke amaphampu amabili, umehluko cishe awunakwa.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwenqubo ye-EC edingwa isistimu yokusakaza eseceleni kudinga kabili inani lamapayipi njengozakwabo ovamile. Kodwa-ke, amapayipi amaningi angeziwe anobubanzi obuncane (DN20, DN40).
USomerkallio uthe lezi ziguquguqukayo ziqinisekisa isidingo sokubuyekezwa ezingeni lomkhumbi ngamunye, yize engeze ngokubona okujwayelekile mayelana nokufakwa kwamathangi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isistimu eyinhloko idinga siphi isisombululo, ikhabethe le-tail-tip lidinga ukuhlelwa okuhlukile. Ungacabangela ukusebenzisa isistimu ehlukile ye-UV noma ye-EC ngemuva, kodwa futhi ungacabangela ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-EC esigcwele umkhumbi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwesistimu yepompo phakathi kwesistimu eyinhloko nesistimu yangemuva side. Esimweni sokugcina, "amakhemikhali" akhiqizwa endaweni ephephile azosatshalaliswa ngokuhlukana ohlelweni lwe-Aft Peak Tank.
U-Somerkallio uveze ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-EC zikhiqiza i-hydrogen njengomkhiqizo, wengeza ngokuthi inketho yokugeleza eceleni lapha nakanjani iyingozi kakhulu: i-hydrogen ingakhishwa ethangini le-chlorine buffer ngokufaka umoya ophoqelekile ukuze ihambe i-BWMS uma kwenzeka. ukwehluleka kokukhipha umoya.
Ngokufanayo, ama-opharetha abeka phambili ukulungiswa kufanele acabangele ukuthi nakuba amasistimu avamile ngokwesimiso engayinkimbinkimbi kangako, okusho izingxenye ezimbalwa, ama-BWMS amabili ahlukene angase adingeke: sekukonke, inani lezingxenye lizoba ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Foreship ithe izinhlelo ezijwayelekile ezizihlolayo zivame ukuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunezinhlelo eziseceleni.
Ngokuphambene, womabili amasistimu adinga ukushintshwa kwesihlungi okuvamile, kodwa amaphampu ageleza eceleni namafutha adinga ukunakwa ngemva kwamahora angu-2500. Nakuba umsebenzi omningi ungenziwa izisebenzi, uSomerkallio uthe kusazocutshungulwa kabanzi ngokulungiswa kwale ndawo.
Lapho umnikazi womkhumbi ebhekana neqiniso lobuchwepheshe be-retrofit, waphakamisa ukuthi ucwaningo lweForeship olunemininingwane engenzeka lubonise ukuthi noma yibuphi ubuhle be-BWMS bungase buqine kakhulu emehlweni abantu abaseduze.
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Amakhukhi adingekayo ayadingeka ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwewebhusayithi. Lesi sigaba sifaka kuphela amakhukhi aqinisekisa imisebenzi eyisisekelo nezici zokuphepha zewebhusayithi. Lawa makhukhi awagcini noma yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu.
Noma yimaphi amakhukhi angase angadingeki ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kwewebhusayithi futhi asetshenziselwa ngokuqondile ukuqoqa idatha yomuntu siqu ngokuhlaziya, ukukhangisa, nokunye okuqukethwe okushumekiwe abizwa ngokuthi amakhukhi angabalulekile. Kufanele uthole imvume yomsebenzisi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lawa makhukhi kuwebhusayithi yakho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-26-2021
