Ngokungena ekusebenzeni kweNgqungquthela ye-IMO Ballast Water ngoSeptemba 2017, abanikazi beenqanawa baye babiza inkampani yaseFinland yokwakha iinqanawa kunye nenkampani yobunjineli be-offshore ukuba yenze uvavanyo oluzimeleyo lwesicwangciso sokuguqulwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwamanzi e-ballast.
Ukongezwa kotyikityo kwiNgqungquthela yaMazwe ngaMazwe yowama-2004 yoLawulo noLawulo lweeNqanawa zeBallast Water kunye neSediments kwiinyanga zakutsha nje akusifihli isibakala sokuba lo ngumlinganiselo we-IMO othe wachaswa ukusukela oko yathi yasungulwa. Amazwe angama-52 atyikitye kwi-IMO ngoku angaphezulu kwalawo angama-30 afunekayo, kodwa “kuphela” anika i-35.1441% yeetoni zehlabathi, engaphezulu nje komda wama-35% ofunekayo ukuze uqinisekiso luqalise ukusebenza kwiinyanga ezili-12 kamva. Ngoku, “isixhobo” esisemthethweni sibonakala sisemnyango, kodwa asikagqitywa.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi-2016, abanikazi beenqanawa bathatha izinto ezandleni zabo kwaye bakholelwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokubonelela ngeempendulo zobuchwepheshe kwindlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokulawula amanzi e-ballast ekhoyo kwiinqanawa ezikhoyo.
I-Foreship, inkampani ekhokelayo kulwakhiwo lweenqanawa kunye nenkampani yokucebisa ngobunjineli be-offshore, isandula ukunika iingcebiso ezineenkcukacha malunga nokhetho lokubuyisela, kwaye isifundo sokwenzeka sigubungela inqanawa enye. I-Foreship ivavanya izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nobuchwepheshe obufanayo beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqanawa kunye neminyaka yeenqanawa ezivela kubaboneleli abahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvavanya umsebenzi wofakelo jikelele, indawo yofakelo, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwexeshana nolusisigxina.
U-Olli Somerkallio, intloko yecandelo loomatshini beForeship, wachaza ukuba nangona ukhetho phakathi kweenkqubo ngokuqinisekileyo luya kukhokelwa yindleko, uthelekiso lusenokungabi lula kangako.
"Sigxininise kwimiba yobugcisa bofakelo, oko kukuthi indawo yezixhobo, i-plumbing kunye nokuhambelana nombane," kusho uSomerkallio. "Ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinentsingiselo, ubuchule bokwakha iinqanawa, ubunjineli bolwandle kunye nokuziphatha kweenqanawa kuyafuneka."
Iimfuno zesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kushishino lweenqanawa ze-ballast zihlala zingaphantsi kwama-500 cubic metres ngeyure, nto leyo ebangele abanini beenqanawa bakhethe iteknoloji ye-BWMS ekwi-ultraviolet, eyenza iintlobo ezihlaselayo “zingakhuseleki” kunokuba zibulawe. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kuxelwe ngokubanzi, i-US Coast Guard ayikawuvumanga umgangatho wovavanyo we-UV.
Ukongeza, izixhobo ze-UV azinakwenzeka kumazinga okuhamba okukhulu okufunwa yinkqubo yamanzi ye-ballast ephambili kwiinqanawa ezinkulu zemithwalo (ezifana neetanki ze-oyile kunye nabathwali abaninzi). Apha, i-electrochlorination (EC) ibe sisisombululo esikhethiweyo. I-EC ivelisa izibulala-ntsholongwane ezisekelwe kwiklorini ngokugqithisa umsinga othe ngqo emanzini ukuze isabele ngesodium chloride. Isiphumo se-chlorine samahhala siya kubulala ibhaktheriya kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms kwiitanki ze-ballast. Kwinqanaba le-de-ballasting, umxholo weklorini ulinganiswa kwaye i-agent engathathi hlangothi ifakwe njengoko kufuneka.
U-Somerkallio ucebise ukuba abanikazi beenqanawa kufuneka baqaphele ukuba imibhobho eyongezelelweyo, izixhobo ezihambelanayo kunye neevalvu ezifunwa yinkqubo yokulawula amanzi e-ballast, kunye nenkqubo yokulawula amanzi e-ballast ngokwayo, yonke imithombo yokulahlekelwa kwengcinezelo, kwaye zeziphi iimpompo ze-ballast kufuneka zibe noxinzelelo olwaneleyo lwentloko. ukuzisombulula. Uthe i-Foreship isebenzisa uhlalutyo lwelahleko yoxinzelelo njengenxalenye yophononongo olunokwenzeka kuba ngamanye amaxesha kuyafuneka ukuba kuphuculwe i-pump impeller okanye i-motor. "Kwimeko embi kakhulu, yonke impompo ingadinga ukutshintshwa," watsho.
USomerkallio uthe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe iitanki, kuba ukusebenza kwamanzi e-ballast kwenzeka kumphambili nasemva, kwaye iitanki ze-ballast ezingasemva zihlala ziqulathe ngaphezulu kweekota ezintathu zamanzi-nto leyo ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okungathintelekiyo kwenqanawa. Apha, impompo yenkqubo ye-ballast ephambili ifumaneka kwigumbi lempompo yempahla (indawo enobungozi), ngoko ayinakusetyenziselwa ukupompa amanzi kwitanki yencam ebekwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Impompo yangasemva ayinakuqhagamshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-BWMS engundoqo.
Itanki ye-oyile eqhelekileyo yoluhlu oluphakathi ingaba nemfuno yokuhamba kwe-2000 m3 / h yenkqubo ye-ballast engundoqo, eyahlulahlulwe kwiitanki ze-port kunye ne-starboard ballast. Oku kunokusingathwa yi-BWMS ezimbini nganye enomthamo we-1000m3 / h okanye i-BWMS enye, apho zombini iimpompo zidibaniswe nenkqubo yonyango efanayo. Imfuno yomntu ngamnye ye-aft tank ballast yamanzi iya kusingathwa yimpompo yenkonzo yehlabathi jikelele, eqhagamshelwe kwi-BWMS encinci, enesantya sokuhamba kwe-250-300 cubic metres ngeyure (umzekelo).
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lokwenzeka kweForeship luvavanywe ngokweenkcukacha izisombululo ezibini ze-EC ezivela kubavelisi abakhuphisanayo: enye ithatha iEC kwisiqhelo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-EC iyenzeka kwi-tributary, kwaye "iikhemikhali" zingeniswa kwiitanki ze-ballast.
I-Somerkallio ithi, eneneni, iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo azinzima kakhulu, zikhaphukhaphu, kwaye zincinci, kwaye zidla malunga ne-25% yamandla angaphantsi kuneenkqubo ezisecaleni. Nangona kunjalo, wongezelela ukuba iimpawu ezinxulumene nokufakela, ukusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko kunokuqinisekisa isisombululo esisecaleni.
"Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho komenzi, ngenxa yoyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-electrode kunye nezixhobo, inkqubo yayo ye-EC yesiqhelo inokusebenza kwindawo enetyuwa ephantsi kakhulu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba isebenze kumanzi anetyuwa aphantse abe ngu-zero njengamaLwandle Amakhulu. Icala Inkqubo yokuhamba ayinayo imiqobo enjalo; ukuba ityuwa ingaphantsi kwe-15 PSU, amanzi olwandle agciniweyo angasetyenziswa.
Iinkqubo zokuqukuqela zasemva zingasebenza nakumanzi abandayo ngcono kuneenkqubo eziqhelekileyo.
Ngokufanayo, umthamo wenkqubo ye-sidestream unokuphinda kabini inkqubo eqhelekileyo, kwaye ubunzima bunyuke nge-60%. Le yinyani engenakuthintelwa, kodwa u-Somerkallio wachaza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza apho i-BWMS eyongezelelweyo ithatha indawo. Wachaza ukuba inkqubo ehamba phambili ehamba phambili idinga i-deckhouse enkulu eyongezelelweyo kwiiyunithi ezimbini ze-EC kunye nezihlungi ezimbini, ngelixa isisombululo esincinci se-lateral flow deckhouse sizisa inzuzo enkulu kwiyunithi ye-EC kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo. Ukubeka amaqondo enkululeko.
Ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yomgangatho, izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zingadinga isibini kwisithathu sommandla ofunekayo kwiisombululo zokuhamba kwecala, kodwa ukuba inkqubo yecala elilodwa lisebenza kwiimpompo ezimbini, umehluko uphantse ungabikho.
Ngokufanayo, ulwahlulo lwenkqubo ye-EC efunwa yinkqubo yecala lomlambo ifuna kabini inani lemibhobho njengeqabane layo eliqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwemibhobho eyongezelelweyo i-diameter encinci (DN20, DN40).
USomerkallio uthe ezi ziguquguqukayo ziqinisekisa imfuno yokuphononongwa kwinqanaba lenqanawa yomntu ngamnye, nangona wongeze uqwalaselo ngokubanzi malunga nofakelo lwetanki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isisombululo esifunwa yinkqubo ephambili, i-cabin-tip cabin idinga ilungiselelo elahlukileyo. Unokuqwalasela ukusebenzisa i-UV eyahlukileyo okanye inkqubo ye-EC ngasemva, kodwa unokucinga kwakhona ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-EC esipheleleyo sokuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokuhlukana kwenkqubo yempompo phakathi kwenkqubo ephambili kunye nenkqubo yangaphambili ide. Kwimeko yokugqibela, "iikhemikhali" eziveliswe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ziya kuhanjiswa ngokwahlukileyo kwi-Aft Peak Tank system.
USorkallio wabonisa ukuba zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo ze-EC zivelisa i-hydrogen njengemveliso ephumayo, wongeza ukuba indlela yokuhamba ecaleni apha ngokuqinisekileyo iyingozi kakhulu: i-hydrogen inokukhutshwa kwitanki ye-chlorine buffer ngokusebenzisa umoya onyanzeliswayo ukuba uhambe kwi-BWMS kwimeko. ukusilela kokungena komoya.
Ngokufanayo, abaqhubi ababeka phambili ulondolozo kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo into yokuba nangona iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zinomgaqo onzima kakhulu, oku kuthetha ukuba amacandelo ambalwa, ii-BWMS ezimbini ezahlukileyo zinokufuneka: ngokubanzi, inani lamacandelo liya kuba ngaphezulu. Ukongeza, i-Foreship ithe iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezivavanyayo ziqheleke kakhulu ekuwohlokeni ngokuhamba kwexesha kuneenkqubo ezisecaleni.
Ngokwahlukileyo, zombini iisistim zifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwesihluzi, kodwa iimpompo ezihamba ecaleni kunye nezivuthela zifuna ukuhoywa emva kweeyure ezingama-2500. Nangona umsebenzi omninzi unokwenziwa ngabasebenzi, uSomerkallio uthe uhlolo olubanzi lolondolozo kule ndawo kusafuneka lwenziwe.
Xa umnini nqanawa ejongene nobunyani betekhnoloji ye-retrofit, wacebisa ukuba uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lwe-Foreship lubonisa ukuba nabuphi na ubuhle be-BWMS bunokuba namandla kakhulu emehlweni abantu ababukeleyo.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-26-2021
