Igihe amasezerano y’amazi ya IMO Ballast yatangira gukurikizwa muri Nzeri 2017, ba nyir'ubwato bahamagariye isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ubwubatsi bwa Finilande n’ubwubatsi bwo mu nyanja gukora isuzuma ryigenga rya gahunda yo guhindura amazi ya ballast.
Kwiyongera kw'imikono mu Masezerano Mpuzamahanga yo mu 2004 agamije kugenzura no gucunga amato ya Ballast y’amazi n’imyanda mu mezi ashize ntabwo bihisha ko iki ari ingamba IMO yamaganwe kuva yatekerezwa. Ibihugu 52 byashyize umukono kuri IMO ubu birenga 30 bisabwa, ariko “byonyine” bingana na 35.1441% bya tonnage y’isi, ibyo bikaba birenga gato 35% byateganijwe kugira ngo yemeze gukurikizwa nyuma y’amezi 12. Noneho, "igikoresho" cyemewe n'amategeko gisa nkaho kiri hafi, ariko ntikirarangira.
Icyakora, mu 2016, abafite ubwato bafashe ibintu mu maboko yabo kandi bizera badashidikanya ko hakenewe byihutirwa gutanga ibisubizo bya tekiniki ku mikorere myiza y’imicungire y’amazi ya ballast ku mato ariho.
Foreship, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ubwubatsi n’ubwubatsi bwa offshore, iherutse gutanga ibyifuzo birambuye kubijyanye na retrofit, kandi ubushakashatsi bushoboka bukubiyemo ubwato bumwe. Foreship isuzuma ibisubizo bitandukanye bya tekiniki hamwe nubuhanga busa kubwoko butandukanye bwubwato hamwe nigihe cyubwato kuva kubatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, no gusuzuma ibikorwa rusange byubushakashatsi, aho byashyizwe, hamwe nigihe gito kandi gihoraho cyubaka.
Olli Somerkallio, ukuriye ishami ry’imashini za Foreship, yasobanuye ko nubwo guhitamo sisitemu byanze bikunze bizayoborwa nigiciro, kugereranya ntibishobora kuba byoroshye.
Somerkallio yagize ati: "Twibanze ku bijyanye na tekiniki yo kwishyiriraho, ni ukuvuga umwanya w'ibikoresho, amazi n'amashanyarazi." “Kugira ngo habeho ibisubizo bifatika, hasabwa ubuhanga mu kubaka ubwato, ubwubatsi bw'inyanja ndetse n'imyitwarire y'ubwato.”
Inganda z’ubwato bw’amazi ya ballast zisabwa mubisanzwe ntiziri munsi ya metero kibe 500 mu isaha, ibyo bikaba byaratumye ba nyirubwato bahitamo ikoranabuhanga rya BWMS rishingiye kuri ultraviolet, rituma amoko atera "adashobora kubaho" aho kuyica. Ariko, nkuko byavuzwe cyane, ingabo z’Amerika zirinda inkombe ntizigeze zemeza ibipimo bya UV.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya UV ntibisanzwe ku kigero kinini cy’amazi asabwa na sisitemu nkuru y’amazi ya ballast ku mato manini atwara imizigo (nka tankeri ya peteroli hamwe n’abatwara ibicuruzwa byinshi). Hano, amashanyarazi (EC) yabaye igisubizo cyatoranijwe. EC itanga imiti yica udukoko twa chlorine inyuza amazi mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu mazi kugira ngo ikore hamwe na sodium ya chloride. Chlorine yubusa ivamo izica bagiteri nizindi mikorobe mu bigega bya ballast. Mu cyiciro cya de-ballasting, ibipimo bya chlorine birapimwa kandi agent itangiza nkuko bikenewe.
Somerkallio yasabye ko ba nyir'ubwato bagomba kumenya ko imiyoboro y'inyongera, ibikoresho bifitanye isano na valve bisabwa na sisitemu yo gucunga amazi ya ballast, ndetse na sisitemu yo gucunga amazi ya ballast ubwayo, byose ni isoko yo gutakaza umuvuduko, kandi pompe za ballast zigomba kugira umuvuduko uhagije w'umutwe. kubikemura. Yavuze ko Foreship ikoresha isesengura ry’igitutu mu rwego rwo kwiga ibishoboka kuko rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa kuzamura moteri cyangwa moteri. Ati: "Mu bihe bibi cyane, pompe yose irashobora gukenera gusimburwa".
Somerkallio yavuze ko hagomba no kwitabwaho bidasanzwe kuri tankeri, kubera ko ibikorwa by’amazi ya ballast bibera ku muheto no ku mugongo, kandi ibigega bya ballast bikabije birimo amazi arenga bitatu bya kane by’amazi-akaba ari ngombwa mu mikorere idahwitse y’ubwo bwato. Hano, pompe nyamukuru ya ballast iherereye mucyumba cya pompe yimizigo (ahantu hashobora guteza akaga), ntabwo rero ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvoma amazi mukigega cya tipi giherereye ahantu hizewe. Pompe yinyuma ntishobora guhuzwa neza na BWMS nkuru.
Ikigega gisanzwe cya peteroli gishobora kuba gifite umuvuduko wa 2000 m3 / h kuri sisitemu nkuru ya ballast, igabanijwemo ibyambu hamwe na tanki ya ballast. Ibi birashobora gukemurwa na BWMS ebyiri buri imwe ifite ubushobozi bwa 1000m3 / h cyangwa BWMS imwe, aho pompe zombi zahujwe na sisitemu imwe yo kuvura. Umuntu ku giti cye aft tank ballast yamazi azakemurwa na pompe ya serivise rusange, ihujwe na BWMS ntoya, ifite umuvuduko wa metero kibe 250-300 kumasaha (urugero).
Ubushakashatsi bwa Foreship bushoboka bwasuzumwe muburyo burambuye ibisubizo bibiri bya EC biva mubakora inganda zirushanwa: imwe ifata EC muburyo rusange; kurundi ruhande, EC iboneka mumigezi, kandi "imiti" yinjizwa mubigega bya ballast.
Somerkallio avuga ko, mubyukuri, sisitemu nyamukuru itagoranye cyane, yoroshye, kandi ntoya, kandi ikoresha ingufu zingana na 25% ugereranije na sisitemu yo kuruhande. Icyakora, yongeyeho ko ibiranga bijyanye no kwishyiriraho, imikorere, n'umutekano bishobora kwemeza igisubizo ku ruhande.
Ati: "Urugero, nk'uko uwabikoze abitangaza, kubera igishushanyo mbonera cya electrode n'ibikoresho byihariye, sisitemu nyamukuru ya EC irashobora gukorera ku munyu muke cyane, ariko ntibishoboka gukorera mu mazi y’umunyu hafi ya zero nko mu biyaga bigari. Kuruhande Sisitemu yo gutemba ntabwo ifite ibyo bibuza; niba umunyu uri munsi ya 15 PSU, amazi yo mu nyanja yabitswe arashobora gukoreshwa. ”
Sisitemu yo gutembera irashobora kandi gukorera mumazi akonje kuruta sisitemu nyamukuru.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ingano ya sisitemu yo ku ruhande irashobora kuba inshuro ebyiri iyo sisitemu nyamukuru, kandi uburemere bwiyongereyeho 60%. Iki nikintu kidashobora kwirindwa, ariko Somerkallio yerekanye ko ari ngombwa kubaza aho BWMS yinyongera ifata umwanya. Yasobanuye ko sisitemu nyamukuru igana imbere isaba inzu nini yinyongera kubice bibiri bya EC hamwe na filteri ebyiri, mugihe igisubizo gito cyuruhande rwuruzitiro ruzana inyungu nyinshi kubice bya EC nibindi bikoresho bifasha. Umwanya wubwisanzure.
Kubijyanye n'umwanya wo hasi, ibisubizo nyamukuru birashobora gusaba bibiri bya gatatu byahantu hasabwa kubisubizo bitemba kuruhande, ariko niba sisitemu imwe yo gutembera kuruhande ikora pompe ebyiri, itandukaniro ni ntangere.
Mu buryo busa nabwo, gahunda ya EC itandukanijwe isabwa kuruhande-sisitemu isaba inshuro ebyiri umubare wimiyoboro nkibisanzwe. Nyamara, inyinshi mu miyoboro yinyongera ni ya diameter nto (DN20, DN40).
Somerkallio yavuze ko izi mpinduka zemeza ko ari ngombwa gusuzumwa ku rwego rw’ubwato ku giti cye, nubwo yongeyeho bimwe muri rusange ku bijyanye no gushyiramo tanker. Ntakibazo cyakemuka sisitemu nyamukuru isaba, umurizo-tip kabine ikenera gahunda itandukanye. Urashobora gutekereza gukoresha sisitemu ya UV cyangwa EC itandukanye kuruhande, ariko urashobora kandi gutekereza gukoresha igisubizo cyuzuye EC igisubizo kugirango umenye neza ko pompe ya sisitemu yo gutandukanya igihe hagati ya sisitemu nkuru na sisitemu yinyuma ari ndende. Mugihe cyanyuma, "imiti" ikorerwa ahantu hizewe izagabanywa bitandukanye muri sisitemu ya Aft Peak Tank.
Somerkallio yerekanye ko ubwoko bwose bwa sisitemu ya EC butanga hydrogène nkibicuruzwa, yongeraho ko inzira yo gutembera kuruhande hano ishobora rwose kwirinda ingaruka: hydrogène irashobora gukurwa mu kigega cya chlorine binyuze mu guhumeka ku gahato kugira ngo igendere BWMS muri ibyo birori cyo guhumeka neza.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abakoresha bashira imbere kubungabunga bagomba gutekereza ko nubwo sisitemu nyamukuru isanzwe itoroshye, bivuze ibice bike, BWMS ebyiri zitandukanye zishobora gukenerwa: muri rusange, umubare wibigize uzaba mwinshi. Byongeye kandi, Foreship yavuze ko sisitemu nyamukuru isuzuma muri rusange ikunda kwangirika mugihe kirenze sisitemu yo kuruhande.
Ibinyuranye, sisitemu zombi zisaba gusimburwa buri gihe, ariko pompe zo kumpande na blowers bisaba kwitabwaho nyuma yamasaha 2500. Nubwo imirimo myinshi ishobora gukorwa n'abakozi, Somerkallio yavuze ko hakiri gukorwa isuzuma ryuzuye ryo kubungabunga muri kariya gace.
Igihe nyir'ubwato yahuye n'ukuri kw'ikoranabuhanga rya retrofit, yasabye ko ubushakashatsi burambuye bwa Foreship bwerekanye ko ubwiza ubwo ari bwo bwose bwa BWMS bushobora kuba bukomeye imbere y'abari bahari.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-26-2021
