Nekupinda musimba kweIMO Ballast Water Convention munaGunyana 2017, varidzi vezvikepe vanga vachidana kambani yeFinnish yekuvaka ngarava uye offshore engineering kuti iite yakazvimirira ongororo yehurongwa hwayo hwekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekugadzirisa mvura.
Kuwedzerwa kwemasaini ku2004 International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships 'Ballast Water and Sediments mumwedzi ichangopfuura haina kuvanza chokwadi chekuti ichi chiyero cheIMO chakarambwa kubva pachakaumbwa. Nyika makumi mashanu nembiri dzakasaina paIMO zvino dzinodarika makumi matatu anodiwa, asi “chete” dzinoita 35.1441% yematani epasirese, inova ingori pamusoro pechikamu che35% chinodiwa kuti kubvumidzwa kutange mushure memwedzi gumi nemiviri. Zvino, “chombo” chepamutemo chinoratidzika kuva chave pedyo, asi hachisati chapedzwa.
Zvisinei, muna 2016, varidzi vezvikepe vakatora nyaya mumaoko avo uye vakatenda zvakasimba kuti pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kupa mhinduro dzeunyanzvi kune zvakanakisisa ballast water management system performance yezvikepe zviripo.
Foreship, inotungamira kuvaka ngarava uye offshore engineering yekubvunza kambani, ichangobva kupa yakadzama kurudziro pamusoro pesarudzo dzekudzoreredza, uye kudzidza kwekuita kunovhara ngarava imwechete. Foreship iri kuongorora akasiyana tekinoroji mhinduro uye akafanana matekinoroji emhando dzakasiyana dzengarava uye mazera engarava kubva kune vakasiyana vatengesi, uye kuongorora iro rose rekuisa basa, nzvimbo yekuisa, uye yechinguvana uye yekusingaperi magadzirirwo ezvimiro.
Olli Somerkallio, mukuru wedhipatimendi remuchina weForeship, akatsanangura kuti kunyangwe sarudzo pakati pemasisitimu ichanyatso kutungamirwa nemutengo, kuenzanisa kungasava nyore kudaro.
"Takatarisisa nezvehunyanzvi hwekuisa, iyo nzvimbo yemidziyo, pombi dzemvura uye kuenderana kwemagetsi," Somerkallio akadaro. "Kuti uwane mhedzisiro ine musoro, hunyanzvi mukuvaka ngarava, mainjiniya egungwa uye maitiro engarava anodiwa."
Indasitiri yengarava yekufambisa mvura inodiwa neindasitiri yengarava inowanzova isingasviki 500 cubic metres paawa, izvo zvaita kuti varidzi vezvikepe vasarudze tekinoroji yeBWMS yeultraviolet, inoita kuti mhuka dzinopinda “dzisapukunyuke” pane kudziuraya. Nekudaro, sekutaurwa kwakawanda, iyo US Coast Guard haisati yatobvumidza iyo UV bvunzo standard.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvigadziriso zveUV hazvigoneke kumazinga makuru ekuyerera anodiwa neiyo main ballast mvura system pangarava hombe dzinotakura zvinhu (senge matangi emafuta uye anotakura akawanda). Pano, electrochlorination (EC) yave mhinduro inosarudzwa. EC inogadzira chlorine-based disinfectants kuburikidza nekupfuura yakananga ikozvino kuburikidza nemvura kuti iite ne sodium chloride. Iyo inoguma yemahara chlorine inouraya mabhakitiriya uye humwe hutachiona mumatangi eballast. Muchikamu che-de-ballasting, iyo chlorine yemukati inoyerwa uye neutralizing agent inounzwa sezvinodiwa.
Somerkallio akataura kuti varidzi vezvikepe vanofanirwa kuziva kuti mamwe mapaipi, anoenderana fittings uye mavharuvhu anodiwa neballast water management system, pamwe neiyo ballast water management system pachayo, zvese zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa, uye ndeapi mapombi eballast anofanirwa kuve nemusoro wakakwana. kuzvigadzirisa. Akataura kuti Foreship inoshandisa kudzikisira kurasikirwa kwekuongorora sechikamu chekugonesa kwayo kudzidza nekuti dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwa kusimudzira pombi impeller kana mota. “Munyaya yakaipisisa, pombi yose ingada kutsiviwa,” akadaro.
Somerkallio akati kutariswa kwakakosha kunofanirwa kupihwawo kune matangi, nekuti mashandiro emvura yeballast anoitika kuseri nekumashure, uye matangi ekumashure anowanzo kuve neanopfuura zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvemvura-izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kusingadzivirirwe kwechikepe. Pano, iyo huru ballast system pombi inowanikwa muimba yepombi yekutakura (nzvimbo ine ngozi), saka haigoni kushandiswa kupomba mvura kune tangi yetip iri munzvimbo yakachengeteka. Iyo pombi yekumashure haigone kubatana zvakananga kune iyo huru BWMS.
Iyo yakajairika yepakati-renji mafuta tanker inogona kunge iine kuyerera kwe2000 m3 / h kune main ballast system, iyo yakakamurwa kuita port uye starboard ballast matangi. Izvi zvinogona kubatwa neBWMS mbiri imwe neimwe iine huwandu hwe1000m3/h kana BWMS imwe chete, uko mapombi ese ari maviri akabatana kune imwecheteyo nzira yekurapa. Iyo yega aft tank ballast mvura inodiwa ichabatwa nepombi yebasa rose, yakabatana neBWMS diki, ine kuyerera kwe250-300 cubic metres paawa (semuenzaniso).
Chidzidzo chechangobva kuitika cheForeship chakaongororwa zvakadzama mhinduro mbiri dzeEC kubva kune vanokwikwidza vagadziri: imwe inotora EC mune mainstream; kune rumwe rutivi, EC inoitika mune imwe tributary, uye "makemikari" anounzwa mumatangi eballast.
Somerkallio inotaura kuti, kutaura zvazviri, masisitimu akajairwa haana kuoma, akareruka, uye madiki, uye anoshandisa anenge 25% mashoma simba pane sidestream masisitimu. Nekudaro, akawedzera kuti hunhu hune hukama nekuisa, kuita, uye chengetedzo inogona kugonesa mhinduro yedivi.
"Semuyenzaniso, maererano nemugadziri, nekuda kweiyo yakakosha dhizaini yemagetsi uye zviwanikwa, iyo huru EC system inogona kushanda yakaderera zvakanyanya, asi hazvigoneke kushanda mumvura inenge zero ine salinity yakaita seGreat Lakes. Side Iyo yekuyerera system haina zvirambidzo zvakadaro; kana salinity iri pasi pe15 PSU, mvura yegungwa yakachengetwa inogona kushandiswa.
Lateral flow system inogonawo kushanda mumvura inotonhora zvirinani pane mainstream masisitimu.
Saizvozvo, huwandu hweiyo sidestream system inogona kunge yakapetwa kaviri yeiyo mainstream system, uye uremu hwakawedzera ne60%. Ichi ichokwadi chisingadzivisiki, asi Somerkallio akataura kuti zvakakosha kubvunza kuti iyo BWMS yekuwedzera inotora nzvimbo kupi. Akatsanangura kuti iyo mainstream system yekumberi inoda yakakura yakawedzera deckhouse yezvikamu zviviri zveEC uye mafirita maviri, nepo diki lateral inoyerera deckhouse mhinduro inounza zvikomborero zvakakura kune EC unit uye zvimwe zvekubatsira midziyo. Kuisa madhigirii erusununguko.
Panyaya yenzvimbo yepasi, zvigadziriso zvemazuva ose zvingada zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvenzvimbo inodiwa pamativi ekuyerera kwemhinduro, asi kana imwe yerutivi inoyerera system ichishanda pamapombi maviri, mutsauko unenge usingaite.
Saizvozvo, iyo EC process kupatsanurwa inodiwa nedivi-rukova system inoda kaviri nhamba yepombi seyayo huru. Nekudaro, mazhinji emapombi ekuwedzera ndeediki dhayamita (DN20, DN40).
Somerkallio akati aya akasiyana anosimbisa kukosha kwekuwongorora padanho rechikepe chega, kunyangwe akawedzera mamwe maonero pamusoro pekuisa matangi. Hazvina mhosva kuti mhinduro huru inoda chii, iyo tail-tip cabin inoda kurongeka kwakasiyana. Iwe unogona kufunga kushandisa yakaparadzana UV kana EC sisitimu kumashure, asi iwe unogona zvakare kufunga kushandisa yakazara-ngarava EC mhinduro kuve nechokwadi chekuti pombi system yekuparadzanisa nguva pakati peiyo main system uye stern system yakareba. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, "makemikari" anogadzirwa munzvimbo yakachengeteka achagoverwa zvakasiyana kune Aft Peak Tank system.
Somerkallio akataura kuti marudzi ese eEC masisitimu anoburitsa haidrojeni sechigadzirwa, achiwedzera kuti nzira yekuyerera padivi apa ine ngozi-inovenga: hydrogen inogona kutorwa kubva mu chlorine buffer tank kuburikidza nekumanikidzirwa kufefetedza kufambisa BWMS muchiitiko. yekutadza kufambisa mhepo.
Saizvozvo, vashandisi vanoisa pamberi pekuchengetedza vanofanirwa kufunga kuti kunyangwe masisitimu makuru ari musimboti asina kuoma, zvichireva kuti zvikamu zvishoma, maBWMS maviri akasiyana anogona kudiwa: zvakazara, huwandu hwezvikamu huchawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, Foreship yakataura kuti masisitimu akajairwa aanoongorora anowanzo kuderera nekufamba kwenguva kupfuura masisitimu edivi.
Kusiyana neizvi, ese ari maviri masisitimu anoda kugara achitsiviwa sefa, asi padivi-kuyerera pombi nemafuridziro zvinoda kutariswa mushure memaawa 2500. Kunyangwe mazhinji ebasa achigona kuitwa nevashandi, Somerkallio akati ongororo yakazara yekuchengetedza nzvimbo iyi ichiri kufanira kuitwa.
Muridzi wengarava paakatarisana nehuchokwadi hweiyo tekinoroji yekudzoreredza, akakurudzira kuti Foreship yakadzama ongororo yekugoneka kwakaratidza kuti chero runako rweBWMS runogona kunge rwakasimba mumeso evanomira.
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Makuki anodiwa anodiwa pakuita kwakajairika kwewebhusaiti. Ichi chikamu chinongosanganisira makuki anovimbisa iwo akakosha mabasa uye kuchengetedza maficha ewebhusaiti. Aya makuki haachengete chero ruzivo rwemunhu.
Chero makuki angave asiri kunyanya kudikanwa pakushanda kwewebhusaiti uye anonyanya kushandiswa kuunganidza mushandisi data remunhu kuburikidza nekuongorora, kushambadza, uye zvimwe zvakamisikidzwa zvemukati zvinonzi makuki asina kukosha. Iwe unofanirwa kuwana mvumo yemushandisi usati wamhanyisa makuki aya pawebhusaiti yako.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-26-2021
