Ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa IMO Ballast Water Convention mu Seputembara 2017, eni zombo akhala akuyitanitsa kampani yopanga zombo zapamadzi yaku Finland ndi uinjiniya wakunyanja kuti iunike moyima pa pulani yake yosintha kasamalidwe ka madzi.
Kuwonjezeredwa kwa siginecha ku Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 2004 Woyang'anira ndi Kuwongolera Zombo za Ballast Water and Sediments m'miyezi yaposachedwa sikubisa kuti iyi ndi njira ya IMO yomwe yakanidwa kuyambira pomwe idapangidwa. Maiko a 52 omwe adasaina pa IMO tsopano akuposa 30 yofunikira, koma "okha" amawerengera 35.1441% ya matani a dziko lapansi, omwe angodutsa 35% yofunikira kuti kuvomerezedwa kuchitike pakatha miyezi 12. Tsopano, “chida” chalamulocho chikuwoneka kuti chayandikira, koma sichinamalizidwebe.
Komabe, mu 2016, eni zombo adadzitengera okha zinthu ndipo amakhulupirira mwamphamvu kuti pakufunika kufunikira kopereka mayankho aukadaulo kumayendedwe abwino kwambiri a kasamalidwe ka madzi a ballast pazombo zomwe zidalipo kale.
Foreship, kampani yotsogola yopanga zombo komanso upangiri waumisiri wakunyanja, posachedwapa yapereka malingaliro atsatanetsatane pazosankha zobweza, ndipo kafukufuku wotheka amakhudza chombo chimodzi. Foreship ikuwunika njira zosiyanasiyana zamaluso ndi matekinoloje ofanana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zombo ndi zaka za zombo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana, ndikuwunika ntchito yonse yoyika, malo oyikapo, ndikusintha kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kosatha.
Olli Somerkallio, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya makina a Foreship, adalongosola kuti ngakhale kusankha pakati pa machitidwe kudzayendetsedwa ndi mtengo, kuyerekezera sikungakhale kosavuta.
"Tinayang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo wa kukhazikitsa, zomwe ndi malo a zida, ma plumbing ndi kuyanjana kwamagetsi," adatero Somerkallio. "Kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino, ukadaulo womanga zombo, uinjiniya wam'nyanja ndi machitidwe a zombo zimafunikira."
Mayendedwe amadzi oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwana ma cubic metres 500 pa ola, zomwe zapangitsa eni zombo kusankha ukadaulo wa BWMS wopangidwa ndi ultraviolet, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zamoyo zowononga "zisapulumuke" m'malo mozipha. Komabe, monga momwe zanenedweratu, a US Coast Guard sanavomerezebe muyezo wa UV.
Kuphatikiza apo, zida za UV ndizosathandiza pamayendedwe akulu ofunikira ndi njira yayikulu yamadzi a ballast pazombo zazikulu zonyamula katundu (monga matanki amafuta ndi zonyamula zambiri). Apa, electrochlorination (EC) yakhala yankho lokondedwa. EC imapanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chlorine podutsa madzi mwachindunji kuti agwirizane ndi sodium chloride. Chifukwa cha klorini yaulere imapha mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ta ballast. Mu gawo la de-ballasting, chlorine yomwe ili mkati mwake imayezedwa ndipo wothandizira amalowetsedwa ngati pakufunika.
Somerkallio adanenanso kuti eni zombo ayenera kudziwa kuti mapaipi owonjezera, zolumikizira zokhudzana ndi mavavu omwe amafunidwa ndi dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka madzi a ballast, komanso njira yoyendetsera madzi a ballast palokha, ndizo magwero a kutayika kwamphamvu, ndipo mapampu a ballast ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira yamutu. kuwathetsa. Ananenanso kuti Foreship imagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa kupsinjika ngati gawo la kafukufuku wake chifukwa nthawi zina ndikofunikira kukweza chopondera kapena mota. “Zikafika poipa, mpope wonse ungafunike kusinthidwa,” adatero.
Somerkallio adatinso chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwanso kwa akasinja, chifukwa ntchito zamadzi za ballast zimachitika kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, ndipo akasinja akumbuyo a ballast nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madzi opitilira magawo atatu mwa atatu amadzi-omwe ndi ofunikira kuti sitimayo igwire bwino ntchito. Pano, mpope waukulu wa ballast system uli mu chipinda chopopera katundu (malo owopsa), kotero sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupopera madzi ku thanki ya nsonga yomwe ili pamalo otetezeka. Pampu yakumbuyo siyingagwirizane mwachindunji ndi BWMS yayikulu.
Sitima yonyamula mafuta yapakatikati ikhoza kukhala ndi kufunikira koyenda kwa 2000 m3 / h pamakina akulu a ballast, omwe amagawidwa m'matanki a doko ndi starboard ballast. Izi zitha kugwiridwa ndi ma BWMS awiri omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 1000m3 / h kapena BWMS imodzi, pomwe mapampu onse amalumikizidwa ndi njira yochizira yomweyi. Kufuna kwamadzi aft tank ballast kudzayendetsedwa ndi mpope wapadziko lonse lapansi, wolumikizidwa ndi BWMS yaying'ono, yokhala ndi liwiro la 250-300 cubic metres pa ola (mwachitsanzo).
Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Foreship wothekera adawunikidwa mwatsatanetsatane mayankho awiri a EC kuchokera kwa opanga opikisana: imodzi imatengera EC pagulu; Kumbali ina, EC imapezeka mumsewu, ndipo "mankhwala" amalowetsedwa mu akasinja a ballast.
Somerkallio akuti, kwenikweni, machitidwe odziwika bwino ndi ocheperako, opepuka, komanso ang'onoang'ono, ndipo amawononga mphamvu zochepera 25% kuposa machitidwe am'mbali. Komabe, adawonjezeranso kuti zikhumbo zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa, magwiridwe antchito, ndi chitetezo zitha kutsimikizira yankho lambali.
"Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi wopanga, chifukwa cha mapangidwe apadera a electrode ndi zipangizo, makina ake akuluakulu a EC amatha kugwira ntchito pa mchere wochepa kwambiri, koma n'zosatheka kugwira ntchito m'madzi amchere a zero monga Nyanja Yaikulu. Mbali Njira yothamanga ilibe zoletsa zotere; ngati mchere uli pansi pa 15 PSU, madzi a m'nyanja osungidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito. "
Mayendedwe otsetsereka amathanso kugwira ntchito m'madzi ozizira bwino kuposa machitidwe ambiri.
Mofananamo, kuchuluka kwa dongosolo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja kungakhale kowirikiza kawiri kachitidwe kameneka, ndipo kulemera kwawonjezeka ndi 60%. Izi ndizosapeŵeka, koma Somerkallio adanenanso kuti ndikofunikira kufunsa komwe BWMS yowonjezera imatenga malo. Iye adalongosola kuti njira yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kake imafunikira chipinda chokulirapo chowonjezera cha mayunitsi awiri a EC ndi zosefera ziwiri, pomwe njira yaying'ono yam'mbali yam'mbali imabweretsa phindu lalikulu ku EC unit ndi zida zina zothandizira. Kuyika magawo a ufulu.
Pankhani ya malo apansi, njira zowonongeka zingafunike magawo awiri pa atatu a malo omwe amafunikira kuti athetse njira zowonongeka, koma ngati njira imodzi yoyendetsera mbali imodzi ikugwira ntchito pa mapampu awiri, kusiyana kuli pafupifupi kosatheka.
Mofananamo, EC ndondomeko kulekana chofunika ndi mbali mtsinje dongosolo amafuna kawiri chiwerengero cha mapaipi monga mnzake waukulu. Komabe, mapaipi ambiri owonjezera ndi ang'onoang'ono awiri (DN20, DN40).
Somerkallio adati zosinthazi zikutsimikizira kufunikira kowunikiridwanso pamlingo wa zombo zapamadzi, ngakhale adawonjezeranso zowonera za kuyika matanki. Ziribe kanthu kuti dongosolo lalikulu likufuna yankho lotani, kanyumba ka nsonga za mchira kumafunikira makonzedwe osiyanasiyana. Mutha kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana ya UV kapena EC kumbuyo, koma mutha kuganiziranso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yonse ya EC kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi yolekanitsa pampu pakati pa dongosolo lalikulu ndi dongosolo lakumbuyo ndi lalitali. Pamapeto pake, "mankhwala" opangidwa m'malo otetezeka adzagawidwa padera ku dongosolo la Aft Peak Tank.
Somerkallio adanenanso kuti mitundu yonse ya machitidwe a EC amatulutsa haidrojeni ngati chinthu chongowonjezera, ndikuwonjezera kuti njira yolowera m'mbali pano ndiyowopsa kwambiri: haidrojeni imatha kuchotsedwa mu tanki ya chlorine kudzera mu mpweya wokakamizidwa kuti upite ku BWMS pakachitika. kulephera kwa mpweya wabwino.
Momwemonso, ogwira ntchito omwe amaika patsogolo kukonza ayenera kuganizira kuti ngakhale machitidwe akuluakulu ali ovuta kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti zigawo zochepa, ma BWMS awiri osiyana angafunike: zonse, chiwerengero cha zigawo zidzakhala zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Foreship inanena kuti machitidwe omwe amawunikira nthawi zambiri amakhala owonongeka pakapita nthawi kuposa machitidwe am'mbali.
Mosiyana ndi izi, makina onsewa amafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, koma mapampu oyenda m'mbali ndi zowuzira zimafunikira chidwi pakatha maola 2500. Ngakhale kuti ntchito zambiri zingathe kuchitidwa ndi ogwira ntchito, Somerkallio ananena kuti kuunika kokwanira kosamalira m’derali kukachitikabe.
Pamene mwini sitimayo adakumana ndi zenizeni zaukadaulo wa retrofit, adanenanso kuti kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wa Foreship adawonetsa kuti kukongola kulikonse kwa BWMS kumatha kukhala kolimba kwambiri pamaso pa oimirira.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-26-2021
