Me ke komo ʻana i ka mana o ka IMO Ballast Water Convention i Kepakemapa 2017, ua kāhea nā mea nona ka moku i kahi hui hana moku Finnish a me waho o ka ʻenekinia e hana i kahi loiloi kūʻokoʻa o kāna hoʻolālā hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele wai ballast.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā pūlima i ka 2004 International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments i nā mahina i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole ia e hūnā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ana IMO kēia i kūʻē ʻia mai ka wā i hāpai ʻia ai. ʻO nā ʻāina 52 i kau inoa ma ka IMO i kēia manawa ma mua o ka 30 i koi ʻia, akā ʻo "wale nō" ka helu no 35.1441% o ka tonnage o ka honua, ʻo ia wale nō ma luna o ka paepae 35% i koi ʻia no ka ʻae ʻana e hoʻokō i ka hopena 12 mau mahina ma hope. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ka "mea hana" kānāwai, akā ʻaʻole i pau.
Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 2016, lawe nā mea moku i nā mea i loko o ko lākou mau lima ponoʻī a manaʻoʻiʻo paʻa ka pono e hāʻawi i nā pane ʻenehana i ka hana ʻoihana hoʻokele wai ballast maikaʻi loa no nā moku e kū nei.
ʻO Foreship, kahi hui kūkākūkā alakaʻi moku a me nā ʻenehana loea i waho, ua hāʻawi mai nei i nā manaʻo kikoʻī e pili ana i nā koho retrofit, a ʻo ke aʻo ʻana hiki ke uhi i kahi moku hoʻokahi. Ke loiloi nei ʻo Foreship i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana like ʻole a me nā ʻenehana like ʻole no nā ʻano moku like ʻole a me nā makahiki moku mai nā mea hoʻolako like ʻole, a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana hoʻonohonoho holoʻokoʻa, kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa a mau loa.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Olli Somerkallio, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana mīkini ʻo Foreship, ʻoiai ʻo ke koho ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana e alakaʻi ʻia e ke kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole paha i maʻalahi ka hoʻohālikelike.
"Ua noʻonoʻo mākou i nā ʻano loea o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wahi lako, plumbing a me ka pili uila," wahi a Somerkallio. "No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena koʻikoʻi, pono ke akamai i ka hana moku, ʻenehana moana a me nā ʻano moku."
ʻO ka nui o nā koi ʻana o ke kahe wai ballast o ka moku holo moku ma lalo o 500 cubic mika i kēlā me kēia hola, kahi i koi ai i nā mea nona nā moku e koho i ka ʻenehana BWMS i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ultraviolet, kahi e hana ai i nā ʻano invasive "unsurvivable" ma mua o ka pepehi ʻana iā lākou. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea i hōʻike nui ʻia, ʻaʻole i ʻae hope ka US Coast Guard i ka maʻamau hōʻike UV.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kūpono nā mea UV no nā kahe kahe nui e koi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana wai ballast nui ma nā moku ukana nui (e like me nā pahu aila a me nā mea lawe nui). Maʻaneʻi, ua lilo ka electrochlorination (EC) i ka hopena makemake. Hoʻopuka ʻo EC i nā disinfectants e pili ana i ka chlorine ma o ke kahe ʻana i ka wai pololei i ka wai e hana ai me ka sodium chloride. ʻO ka hopena o ka chlorine manuahi e pepehi i ka bacteria a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe i loko o nā pahu ballast. I ka wā de-ballasting, ana ʻia ka ʻike o ka chlorine a hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea hoʻokaʻawale e like me ka mea e pono ai.
Manaʻo ʻo Somerkallio e ʻike pono ka poʻe nona ka moku ʻo nā paipu hou, nā mea pili a me nā kiwi e koi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele wai ballast, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele wai ballast ponoʻī, ʻo ia nā kumu a pau o ka pau ʻana o ke kaomi, a ʻo kēlā mau pauma ballast pono e lawa ke poʻo. e hoʻoponopono iā lākou. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, hoʻohana ʻo Foreship i ka nānā ʻana i ka pohō puʻuwai ma ke ʻano o kāna noiʻi kūpono no ka mea i kekahi manawa pono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka impeller pump a i ʻole kaʻa. "Ma ka hihia maikaʻi loa, pono paha ke pani ʻia ka pauma holoʻokoʻa," wahi āna.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Somerkallio, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka noʻonoʻo kūikawā i nā pahu pahu, no ka mea, aia nā hana wai ballast ma ke kakaka a me ka hope, a ʻo nā pahu ballast hope e loaʻa mau ai ma mua o ʻekolu hapaha o ka wai-ʻo ia ka mea nui no ka hana ʻole o ka moku. Ma ʻaneʻi, aia ka pauma ʻōnaehana ballast nui i loko o ke keʻena pauma ukana (wahi pōʻino), no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka paila wai i ka pahu tip aia ma kahi palekana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka pauma hope i ka BWMS nui.
A typical medium-range aila tanker hiki i ka kahe koi o 2000 m3 / h no ka nui ballast nenoaiu, i maheleia i ke awa a me ka starboard ballast pahu. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia e nā BWMS ʻelua me ka mana o 1000m3/h a i ʻole BWMS hoʻokahi, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā pāpaʻi ʻelua i ka ʻōnaehana mālama like. E mālama ʻia ke koi wai ballast aft tank e ka pauma lawelawe honua, i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi BWMS liʻiliʻi, me ka kahe kahe o 250-300 cubic mika i kēlā me kēia hola (e laʻana).
Ua loiloi ʻia kahi noiʻi kūpono ʻo Foreship i nā kikoʻī ʻelua ʻelua mau hoʻonā EC mai nā mea hana hoʻokūkū: ʻae kekahi i ka EC ma ke kahawai nui; ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, loaʻa ka EC i kahi tributary, a hoʻokomo ʻia nā "kemika" i loko o nā pahu ballast.
Wahi a Somerkallio, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōnaehana mainstream, ʻoi aku ka māmā, a me ka liʻiliʻi, a ʻai ma kahi o 25% ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana sidestream. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i nā ʻano e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka hana, a me ka palekana hiki ke hōʻoia i kahi hopena sidestream.
"No ka laʻana, e like me ka mea hana, ma muli o ka hoʻolālā electrode kūikawā a me nā mea waiwai, hiki i kāna ʻōnaehana EC mainstream ke hana ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, akā hiki ʻole ke hana i nā wai paʻakai ʻole e like me ka Great Lakes. ʻaoʻao ʻAʻole nā palena o ka ʻōnaehana kahe; Inā ʻoi aku ka paʻakai ma lalo o 15 PSU, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka wai kai mālama ʻia.
Hiki i nā ʻōnaehana kahe ʻaoʻao ke hana i ka wai anuanu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana mainstream.
Pēlā nō, ʻelua paha ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana sidestream i ka ʻōnaehana mainstream, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kaumaha e 60%. He ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia kēia, akā ua kuhikuhi ʻo Somerkallio he mea nui ka nīnau ʻana i kahi e lawe ai ka BWMS hou i kahi. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia ʻo ka ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi i mua e koi i kahi deckhouse ʻoi aku ka nui no nā ʻāpana EC ʻelua a me nā kānana ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopena deckhouse kahe liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e lawe mai i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka ʻāpana EC a me nā mea kōkua ʻē aʻe. Ke kūlana kūlana o ke kūʻokoʻa.
Ma ke ʻano o ka papahele papahele, pono paha i ʻelua hapakolu o ka ʻāpana e pono ai no nā ʻaoʻao kahe o ka ʻaoʻao, akā inā hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana kahe ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻokoʻa.
Pēlā nō, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kaʻina hana EC e koi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana kahawai ʻaoʻao e koi ʻelua i ka nui o nā paipu ma ke ʻano he mea nui. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā paipu hou he liʻiliʻi ke anawaena (DN20, DN40).
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Somerkallio, ua hōʻoia kēia mau ʻano hoʻololi i ka pono o ka loiloi ma kēlā me kēia pae moku, ʻoiai ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i kekahi mau ʻike maʻamau e pili ana i nā hoʻonohonoho tanker. ʻAʻohe mea e pono ai ka ʻōnaehana nui, pono ka hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa o ka pahu huelo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana UV a i ʻole EC ʻokoʻa ma ka hope, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i kahi hopena EC moku piha e hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa kaʻawale o ka ʻōnaehana pump ma waena o ka ʻōnaehana nui a me ka ʻōnaehana hope. I ka hihia hope loa, e māhele kaʻawale ʻia nā "kemika" i hana ʻia ma kahi palekana i ka ʻōnaehana Aft Peak Tank.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Somerkallio i nā ʻano ʻōnaehana EC a pau e hana i ka hydrogen ma ke ʻano he huahana, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke koho kahe ʻaoʻao ma aneʻi ʻoi aku ka pilikia: hiki ke hoʻoiho ʻia ka hydrogen mai ka pahu chlorine buffer ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka BWMS i ka hanana. o ka pono ole o ka ea.
Pēlā nō, pono e noʻonoʻo nā mea hoʻohana i ka mālama ʻana, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana, pono paha ʻelua BWMS kaʻawale: ʻo ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Foreship, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi e loiloi i ka pōʻino ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana sidestream.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, pono nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua i ka hoʻololi kānana maʻamau, akā pono nā ʻaoʻao-kahe a me nā mea puhi i ka nānā ʻana ma hope o 2500 mau hola. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hana e hiki ke hana ʻia e ka poʻe holo moku, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Somerkallio e hoʻokō ʻia kahi loiloi piha o ka mālama ʻana ma kēia wahi.
I ka wā i ʻike ai ka mea nona ka moku i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻenehana hou, ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hōʻike ana ka noiʻi kikoʻī kūpono o Foreship i ka ikaika loa o kekahi nani o BWMS i nā maka o ka poʻe e kū ana.
Wahi a Abdel Latif Wahba (Bloomberg), ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻo ʻAigupita i kahi kuʻikahi i kēia pule aʻe e uku ai i ka moku nunui nāna i kāohi i ke kahawai ʻo Suez i Malaki.
Ismailia, Iune 23 (Reuters)-ʻO ka mea nona ka moku ukana nui nāna i ālai i ke kahawai ʻo Suez i Malaki a ua loaʻa ka hui ʻinikua i kahi ʻaelike ma ke kumu i loko o kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa uku…
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Pono pono nā kuki e pono ai no ka hana maʻamau o ka pūnaewele. Aia kēia māhele i nā kuki e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā hana kumu a me nā hiʻohiʻona palekana o ka pūnaewele. ʻAʻole mālama kēia mau kuki i ka ʻike pilikino.
ʻO kēlā me kēia kuki i pono ʻole no ka hana ʻana o ka pūnaewele a hoʻohana pono ʻia e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili pilikino o ka mea hoʻohana ma o ka nānā ʻana, hoʻolaha, a me nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia e kapa ʻia nā kuki pono ʻole. Pono ʻoe e ʻae i ka mea hoʻohana ma mua o ka holo ʻana i kēia mau kuki ma kāu pūnaewele.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-26-2021
