Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-carbon steel yesangoi-valveimpahla eluhlaza
Iningi lomzimba we-valve, i-valve yokugeleza eyodwa kanye ne-valve yesango (i-piston valve) ibonakala iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezingxenye zokuphonsa. Amavalvu athile kuphela noma amavalvu esango anezindinganiso ezihlukile zesimo sokusebenza asebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ecijile. Insimbi yekhabhoni ingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingagqwali, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile njengakwibanga elithile lokushisa, imvelo yenani lokugxilisa ingqondo, ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinto ezigqwalayo. Izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo -29~425℃..
Iningi lomzimba we-valve, i-valve yokugeleza eyodwa kanye ne-valve yesango (i-piston valve) ibonakala iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezingxenye zokuphonsa. Amavalvu athile kuphela noma amavalvu esango anezindinganiso ezihlukile zesimo sokusebenza asebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ecijile.
Insimbi yekhabhoni ingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingagqwali, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile njengakwibanga elithile lokushisa, imvelo yenani lokugxilisa ingqondo, ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinto ezigqwalayo. 1, indinganiso yokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zensimbi ye-carbon cast esetshenziswa ezweni lethu yi-GB12229 — 89 “I-valve yomhlaba wonke, Izinga lobuchwepheshe lezingxenye zokuphonswa kwe-carbon steel”, uphawu lwezinto ezibonakalayo yi-WCA, WCB, WCC. Izinga lihambisana nezinga lenhlangano yokuhlola impahla yangaphandle i-ASTMA216-77 “izinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-fusible carbon steel Castings standard standards”. Izinga lishintshiwe okungenani kabili, kodwa i-GB12229-89 yami isasetshenziswa, futhi inguqulo entsha engiyibonayo kulesi sigaba yi-Astma216-2001. Ihluke ku-Astma 216-77 (okungukuthi, kusuka ku-GB12229-89) ngezindlela ezintathu.
A: Izidingo zango-2001 zengeze imfuneko yensimbi ye-WCB, okungukuthi, kukho konke ukuncishiswa okungu-0.01% kwenani elikhulu kakhulu lomkhawulo wekhabhoni, inani elikhulu kakhulu lomkhawulo we-magnesium linganyuswa ngo-0.04% kuze kube yilapho inani eliphakeme lingu-1.28%.
B: I-sundries Cu ye-WCA, i-WCB ne-WCC models: 0.50% ku-77, ilungiswe ku-0.30% ngo-2001; I-Cr: 0.40% ku-77 kanye ne-0.50% ngo-2001; Mo: Kwakungu-0.25% ngo-'77 kanye no-0.20% ngo-2001.
C: Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisele kufanele kube ngaphansi noma kulingane no-1.0%. Ngo-2001, uma kunendinganiso elingana nekhabhoni, lesi sigatshana asifaneleki, futhi inani eliphezulu lekhabhoni elilingana namamodeli amathathu liyadingeka ukuthi libe ngu-0.5 kanye nefomula yalo yokubala elilingana nekhabhoni.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile: IMP: Izingxenye zokulingisa ezifanelekayo kufanele zifaneleke ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali emvelo, izici ezibonakalayo, futhi zihlangabezane nezimfuneko, ikakhulukazi ukukhohlisa kwesici sensalela, ngaphandle kwalokho zilimaze ukushisela. B: Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emvelo okubalulwe kukhodi kusewumkhawulo. Ukuze uthole i-weldability enhle futhi uzuze izakhiwo zomzimba ezidingekayo ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, kuyadingeka ukusungula izindinganiso zokulawula zangaphakathi zezingxenye futhi wenze ukwelashwa okulungile kokushisa kwezingxenye zokuphonsa kanye nezinduku zokuhlola. Uma kungenjalo, ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zokuphonsa ezingafanelekile. Isibonelo, indinganiso yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB engu-≤0.3%, uma isincibilikisi esikhipha ikhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB engu-0.1% noma ephansi kusukela ekubunjweni ukuze kubonwe kufanelekile, kodwa ukusebenza komzimba akuhlangabezani nezimfuneko. Uma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kulingana no-0.3%, kodwa ukushisela kuphansi, ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kufaneleke kakhulu ku-0.25%. Ufuna ukuba "ukungena nokuphuma," abanye abatshalizimali bazobeka ngokucacile imithetho yokulawula i-carbon.
C: Isigaba sokushisa se-carbon steel valves
(a) JB/T5300 — 91 “Impahla yevalvu yomhlaba wonke” idinga i-carbon steel valve izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo elingu -30℃ ukuya ku-450℃.
(b) SH3064-94 “ukukhethwa kwe-petrochemical steel general valve, ukuhlolwa nokwamukelwa” izidingo ze-carbon steel valve izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo lika -20 ℃ kuya ku-425 ℃ (ukusetshenziswa komkhawulo ophansi ka -20 ℃ kuzohlanganiswa nomkhumbi we-GB150 wensimbi )
(c) ANSI 16·34 “i-valve yokuphela kwe-flange ne-butt welding” ingcindezi yokusebenza – izinga lokushisa likalwe inani lamanje izidingo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile WCB A105 (carbon steel) izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo elihlanganisa -29℃ kuya ku-425℃, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphezu kuka-425℃ isikhathi eside. Insimbi eqinile yekhabhoni inokuthambekela kwe-graphitization cishe ku-425 ℃. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwezinto zensimbi kungenye yezobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokucubungula ekwenzeni imishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukwelashwa kokushisa ngokuvamile akushintshi ukuma kanye nokwakheka okuphelele kwe-workpiece, kodwa ngokushintsha i-microstructure yangaphakathi ye-workpiece, noma ukulungisa ukwakheka kwendawo yokusebenza, ukunikeza noma ukuthuthukisa inkomba yokusebenza ye-workpiece. . Isici ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi, nokho, lokhu ngokuvamile akubonakali ngeso lomuntu.
Izici zobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa:
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwezinto zensimbi kungenye yezobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokucubungula ekwenziweni kwemishini eyimishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukwelashwa kokushisa ngokuvamile akushintshi ukuma kanye nokwakheka okuphelele kwe-workpiece, kodwa ngokushintsha i-microstructure yangaphakathi ye-workpiece, noma ukulungisa ukwakheka kwendawo yokusebenza, ukunikeza noma ukuthuthukisa inkomba yokusebenza ye-workpiece. . Isici ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi, nokho, lokhu ngokuvamile akubonakali ngeso lomuntu.
- Okuqinile, ngokusho kokushisa, ukushisa ukushisa, isiqandisisi, shintsha indlela yokuthola izici ezidingekayo zenqubo yokucubungula.
Izici: Izingxenye ze-workpiece kuphela ezingashintshwa ku-SSD, akukho ukucaciswa komumo okungashintshwa
Inhloso: Ukwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kwezinto ezingavuthiwe
Ngokuyisisekelo yonke inqubo: ukushisa → ukufakwa kokushisa → isiqandisi
Faka ngokwezigaba:
1 Ukwelashwa kokushisa okujwayelekile
cima
Ukwelashwa kokushisa nokucisha
2 Ukwelashwa kokushisa okungaphezulu
Ukuqina kokungeniswa
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali e-Organic
Iphuzu loshintsho lwesigaba ngesikhathi sokushisisa nokupholisa
Ikhemikhali ekhiqizwa ukuncibilika kwekristalu ye-ionic C ku-lattice constant ye-Fe (isigaba se-aluminium alloy lapho ama-molecule esixazululo ehlanganiswa ne-lattice constant ye-solvent ephilayo kuyilapho ehlala eyisincibiliki sezinto eziphilayo)
I-Metallographic (F) C incibilike ku-α-Fe okuholela kumakristalu e-ionic angenalutho
Ikristalu ye-ionic engenalutho ebangelwa ukuchithwa kwe-austenite (A) C ku-Y-Fe
I-Pearlite (FeC) Inhlanganisela yensimbi eyakhiwe ngo-Fe no-C
I-Ferrite (P) isakhiwo se-metallographic kanye nekhemikhali eyakhiwe yi-pearlite (FFeC)
Insimbi ye-45: Isakhiwo sokuqala se-Metallographic (F) i-ferrite (P)
Inqubo evamile yokwelapha ukushisa kwensimbi
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izingxenye ezijwayelekile:
Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemibungu yoboya - ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kokushisa - ukucubungula ngomshini - ukwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina - ukuqeda ngomshini
Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa kokushisa: ukucisha; Ukucisha, ukwelashwa ukushisa
** Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina: ukwelashwa kokushisa; ukucisha
Ukushintsha kwensimbi lapho kushisa
Umphumela wenqubo yokushisa: thola i-austenite
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-Austenite:
I-subcooling yokwakheka — ukupholisa okuncane kokuqanjwa kusixhumi esibonakalayo sesigaba se-F/Fe3C
Ukukhula komthombo wamandla - F→ I-lattice engaguquki yakha kabusha ukuncibilika kwe-Fe3C kanye no-C→ A ukusabalala
3 Ukuncibilika kwe-Fe3C eyinsalela
Uhlelo lwenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-austenite
Izinto ezinomthelela kusayizi wokusanhlamvu we-austenite
I-Austenite homogenization
Insimbi ye-P-eutectoid: PF
Ngensimbi ye-eutectoid: P Fe3CⅡ
Umthelela wokugeleza kwenqubo yokufaka ukushisa:
Thola i-austenite efanayo, susa ukucindezeleka okushisayo, ukhuthaze ukusabalala
Izinto ezithinta usayizi wokusanhlamvu we-austenite:
Izinga lokushisa elishisayo ↑, ukubamba isikhathi ↑→ Uhlamvu lukhula ngokushesha
Isivinini sokushisisa ↑→ Inhlawulo eyikristalu
Ikhabhoni equkethe ↑→ Inhlawulo yekristalu
Ubucwebe bemishini yasekuqaleni → Ubucwebe obucwebezelayo
Ukushintsha kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokupholisa
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-austenite: Akukho okuguquguqukayo kwe-austenite engazinzile evela ngaphansi kwe-A1.
Ukuhlaziywa kwejika le-eutectoid C
Izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlukahluka
Indawo eqhubekayo yokushintsha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu: P – uhlobo lokushintsha
Indawo yokwehluka kwengcindezi yomoya: Uhlobo B oluhlukile
Izoni yokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu: Uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-M
Ukushintsha kwe-Ferrite
Ukwakheka kwe-Ferrite: ingxube yomshini ka-F no-Fe3C
Ngaphansi kwamadrayivu esimo esiqinile, ukwakheka kubazeke kakhulu futhi ukukhula kuwushintsho lohlobo lokusabalalisa
3 Isimo:
vimba
A1~650℃ : ferrite P
650~600℃ : Trostenite S (fine P)
600~550℃ : I-Trotensite T (i-ultra fine P eyaziwa nangokuthi i-trotensite)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-11-2023
