Zafin magani na carbon karfe don ƙofarbawulalbarkatun kasa
Yawancin jikin bawul, bawul ɗin kwarara guda ɗaya da bawul ɗin ƙofar (bawul ɗin piston) sun fi rikitarwa, don haka gabaɗayan amfani da sassan simintin. Wasu caliber bawul kawai ko bawul ɗin ƙofa tare da ƙa'idodin yanayin aiki na musamman suna amfani da sassan simintin ƙarfe. Ana iya amfani da ƙarfe na carbon don abubuwan da ba su lalacewa ba, a wasu yanayi na musamman kamar a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafin jiki, yanayin ƙima, ana iya amfani da shi don wasu abubuwa masu lalata. Akwai zafin jiki -29 ~ 425 ℃ ..
Yawancin jikin bawul, bawul ɗin kwarara guda ɗaya da bawul ɗin ƙofar (bawul ɗin piston) sun fi rikitarwa, don haka gabaɗayan amfani da sassan simintin. Wasu caliber bawul kawai ko bawul ɗin ƙofa tare da ƙa'idodin yanayin aiki na musamman suna amfani da sassan simintin ƙarfe.
Ana iya amfani da ƙarfe na carbon don abubuwan da ba su lalacewa ba, a wasu yanayi na musamman kamar a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafin jiki, yanayin ƙima, ana iya amfani da shi don wasu abubuwa masu lalata. 1, da aiwatar da misali na carbon simintin karfe sassa amfani a kasar mu ne GB12229 — 89 "Universal bawul, Technical misali na carbon karfe simintin sassa", da abu iri ne WCA, WCB, WCC. Ma'aunin ya yi daidai da ƙa'idar ƙungiyar gwajin kayan waje ta ASTMA216-77 "high zafin jiki fusible carbon karfe simintin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai". An canza ma'auni aƙalla sau biyu, amma GB12229-89 na har yanzu ana amfani da shi, kuma sabon sigar da nake gani a matakin yanzu shine Astma216-2001. Ya bambanta da Asma 216-77 (wato daga GB12229-89) ta hanyoyi uku.
A: Abubuwan buƙatun 2001 sun ƙara da buƙatun don ƙarfe na WCB, wato, ga kowane raguwar 0.01% a cikin babban ƙimar iyakar carbon, babban ƙimar iyakar magnesium na iya ƙarawa da 0.04% har sai matsakaicin ƙimar shine 1.28%.
B: Sundries Cu na nau'ikan WCA, WCB da WCC: 0.50% a cikin 77, an daidaita su zuwa 0.30% a cikin 2001; Cr: 0.40% a cikin 77 da 0.50% a cikin 2001; Mo: Ya kasance 0.25% a cikin '77 da 0.20% a cikin 2001.
C: Haɗin abubuwan da suka rage ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ko daidai da 1.0%. A cikin 2001, lokacin da akwai ma'auni daidai da carbon, wannan juzu'in bai dace ba, kuma ana buƙatar iyakar carbon daidai da nau'ikan guda uku ya zama 0.5 da tsarin lissafin carbon daidai.
Matsalolin gama gari: A: Abubuwan da suka dace na simintin gyare-gyare dole ne su zama masu cancanta a cikin abubuwan sinadarai na halitta, kaddarorin jiki, kuma su cika buƙatun, musamman ma'anar ragowar kashi, in ba haka ba suna cutar da walƙiya. B: Tsarin sinadarai na halitta da aka ƙayyade a cikin lambar har yanzu shine matsakaicin. Don samun kyakkyawar walƙiya da kuma cimma abubuwan da ake buƙata na jiki a cikin tsarin masana'antu, ya zama dole don kafa ƙa'idodin kulawa na ciki na abubuwan da aka gyara da kuma aiwatar da daidaitaccen maganin zafi na sassan simintin gyare-gyare da kuma sandunan gwaji. In ba haka ba, samarwa da kera sassan simintin da ba su cancanta ba. Misali, daidaitaccen abun ciki na karfe na WCB karfe ≤0.3%, idan mai fitar da WCB karfe carbon abun ciki na 0.1% ko ƙasa da abun ciki don ganin ya cancanta, amma aikin jiki bai cika buƙatun ba. Idan abun ciki na carbon yayi daidai da 0.3%, amma weldability ba shi da kyau, sarrafa abun cikin carbon ya fi dacewa da 0.25%. Ana son zama "shigarwa da fita," wasu masu zuba jari za su gabatar da ƙa'idodin sarrafa carbon a fili.
C: Yanayin zafin jiki na bawuloli na karfe na carbon
(a) JB / T5300 - 91 "Universal bawul abu" bukatun carbon karfe bawul samuwa zazzabi na -30 ℃ zuwa 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical karfe janar bawul selection, dubawa da kuma yarda" bukatun carbon karfe bawul samuwa zafin jiki na -20 ℃ zuwa 425 ℃ ( aikace-aikace na low iyaka na -20 ℃ ne da za a hade tare da GB150 karfe matsa lamba jirgin ruwa. )
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange da butt waldi karshen bawul" aiki matsa lamba - zazzabi rated halin yanzu darajar daidaitattun bukatun WCB A105 (carbon karfe) samuwa zazzabi kewayon ciki har da -29 ℃ zuwa 425 ℃, ba za a iya amfani da sama 425 ℃ ga wani kwana biyu. Carbon m karfe yana da graphitization hali a game da 425 ℃. Maganin zafi na kayan ƙarfe na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fasahar sarrafawa wajen kera kayan aikin injiniya. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran masana'antu tafiyar matakai, zafi magani kullum ba ya canza siffar da kuma overall abun da ke ciki na workpiece, amma ta hanyar canza ciki microstructure na workpiece, ko daidaita abun da ke ciki na workpiece surface, don ba ko inganta yi index na workpiece. . Halayen shine haɓaka mafi mahimmancin ingancin kayan aikin, duk da haka, wannan gabaɗaya baya ganuwa ga idon ɗan adam.
Halayen fasahar maganin zafi:
Maganin zafi na kayan ƙarfe yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fasahar sarrafawa a masana'antar kayan aikin injiniya. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran masana'antu tafiyar matakai, zafi magani kullum ba ya canza siffar da kuma overall abun da ke ciki na workpiece, amma ta hanyar canza ciki microstructure na workpiece, ko daidaita abun da ke ciki na workpiece surface, don ba ko inganta yi index na workpiece. . Halayen shine haɓaka mafi mahimmancin ingancin kayan aikin, duk da haka, wannan gabaɗaya baya ganuwa ga idon ɗan adam.
- M, bisa ga dumama, zafi mai zafi, firiji, canza tsarin don samun halayen da ake bukata na tsarin aiki.
Fasaloli: Za a iya canza ɓangarorin kayan aikin kawai a cikin SSDS, ba za a iya canza ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari ba
Manufar: Don inganta aikace-aikace da aikin albarkatun kasa
Ainihin tsarin duka: dumama → zafi mai zafi → firiji
Kasa:
1 Gabaɗaya maganin zafi
kashe
Maganin zafi da quenching
2 Maganin zafi na saman
Ƙunƙarar ƙaddamarwa
Maganin zafin jiki na sinadarai
Matsayin canjin lokaci yayin dumama da sanyaya
Wani sinadari da aka samar ta hanyar rushewar ionic crystal C a cikin tsaka-tsakin lattice na Fe (lokacin alloy na aluminium wanda a cikinsa ana shigar da kwayoyin maganin a cikin madaidaicin kaushi na kwayoyin halitta yayin da ya rage sauran kaushi).
Metallographic (F) C an narkar da shi a cikin α-Fe wanda ya haifar da mara amfani da lu'ulu'u na ionic
Wani crystal ionic mara kyau wanda ya samo asali daga rushewar austenite (A) C a cikin Y-Fe
Pearlite (FeC) wani ƙarfe na ƙarfe da aka kafa na Fe da C
Ferrite (P) tsarin metallographic da pearlite kafa sinadaran (FFeC)
45 Karfe: Tsarin farko na Metallographic Tsarin (F) ferrite (P)
Gabaɗaya tsarin kula da zafi na ƙarfe
Fasahar kere-kere ta gabaɗaya:
Production da kuma kera na ulu embryos - shirye-shirye don zafi magani - inji sarrafa - karshe zafi magani - inji karewa
Shiri don maganin zafi: quenching; Quenching, maganin zafi
** Maganin zafi na ƙarshe: maganin zafi; quenching
Canjin karfe lokacin zafi
Sakamakon tsarin dumama: sami austenite
Tsarin samar da Austenite:
Subcooling na abun da ke ciki - subcooling na abun da ke ciki a F/Fe3C lokaci dubawa
Haɓaka tushen makamashi - F→ Ƙaƙƙarfan lattice akai-akai yana sake gina Fe3C narkewa da C → Yaduwa
3 Ragowar Fe3C narkewa
Shirin tsarin samar da austenite
Abubuwan tasiri akan girman hatsi austenite
Austenite homogenization
P-eutectoid karfe: PF
Don karfe eutectoid: P Fe3CⅡ
Tasirin tsarin tafiyar da yanayin zafi:
Samun austenite uniform, cire damuwa na thermal, inganta yaduwar
Abubuwan da ke shafar girman hatsin austenite:
Zazzabi mai zafi ↑, riƙe lokaci ↑→ A hatsi girma da sauri
Gudun dumama ↑→ Kyakkyawan lu'ulu'u
Carbon dauke da ↑→ Lalacewar lu'ulu'u
Nau'in farko na lafiya → Ƙaunar crystal
Canjin karfe a lokacin sanyaya
Ƙananan zafin jiki austenite: Babu wani canji mara ƙarfi austenite da ya bayyana a ƙasa A1.
Analysis na eutectoid C curve
Daban-daban iri uku
Ci gaba da babban yankin canjin zafin jiki: P - canjin nau'in
Yanki bambancin matsa lamba na yanayi: Bambancin nau'in B
Yanki bambancin zafin jiki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi: M nau'in bambancin
Canjin Ferrite
Abun da ke ciki na Ferrite: cakuda inji na F da Fe3C
A ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan tuƙi na jihar, abun da ke ciki yana da sanyi sosai kuma haɓaka shine canjin nau'in yadawa
3 Siffar:
toshe
A1 ~ 650 ℃: ferrite P
650 ~ 600 ℃: Trostenite S (lafiya P)
600 ~ 550 ℃: Trotensite T ( matsananci lafiya P kuma aka sani da trotensite)
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-11-2023
