Daaweynta kulaylka ee birta kaarboon ee albaabkawaalkaalaabta ceeriin
Inta badan jirka waalka, hal waalka socodka iyo waalka albaabka (piston valve) waxay u muuqdaan kuwo aad u adag, sidaas darteed isticmaalka guud ee qaybaha shubida. Kaliya qaar ka mid ah alwaaxyada caliber ama albaabbada albaabbada leh oo leh heerar shaqo oo gaar ah ayaa isticmaala qaybo bir ah oo shub ah. Birta kaarboonka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa walxaha aan daxalka ahayn, xaaladaha qaarkood ee gaarka ah sida heerkul gaar ah, deegaanka qiimaha fiirsashada, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa walxaha daxalka qaarkood. Heerkulka la heli karo -29 ~ 425 ℃
Inta badan jirka waalka, hal waalka socodka iyo waalka albaabka (piston valve) waxay u muuqdaan kuwo aad u adag, sidaas darteed isticmaalka guud ee qaybaha shubida. Kaliya qaar ka mid ah alwaaxyada caliber ama albaabbada albaabbada leh oo leh heerar shaqo oo gaar ah ayaa isticmaala qaybo bir ah oo shub ah.
Birta kaarboonka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa walxaha aan daxalka ahayn, xaaladaha qaarkood ee gaarka ah sida heerkul gaar ah, deegaanka qiimaha fiirsashada, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa walxaha daxalka qaarkood. 1, heerka fulinta ee qaybaha birta tuuray carbon loo isticmaalo in dalkeena waa GB12229 — 89 "Universal waalka, Heer farsamo ee qaybaha shubida steel carbon", brand wax waa WCA, WCB, WCC. Heerkulka wuxuu waafaqsan yahay heerka ururka tijaabada walxaha shisheeye ee ASTMA216-77 "heerkulka sare fusable birta Kaarboonka Qaddarka caadiga ah". Heerarka waxaa la bedelay ugu yaraan laba jeer, laakiin GB12229-89 weli waa la isticmaalayaa, iyo nooca cusub ee aan ku arko marxaladda hadda waa Astma216-2001. Waxay kaga duwan tahay Asma 216-77 (taas oo ah, GB12229-89) saddex siyaabood.
A: Shuruudaha 2001 ayaa lagu daray shuruudda birta WCB, taas oo ah, 0.01% kasta oo la dhimo qiimaha xaddidka kaarboonka aadka u weyn, qiimaha xadka magnesium ee aadka u weyn waxaa lagu kordhin karaa 0.04% ilaa qiimaha ugu badan uu yahay 1.28%.
B: Noocyada Cu ee moodooyinka WCA, WCB iyo WCC: 0.50% 77, lagu hagaajiyay 0.30% 2001; Cr: 0.40% ee 77 iyo 0.50% ee 2001; Mo: Waxay ahayd 0.25% '77 iyo 0.20% 2001.
C: Isku-darka curiyaha hadhaagu waa inuu ka yaraado ama la mid yahay 1.0%. Sannadkii 2001, marka uu jiro halbeeg u dhigma kaarboon, qodobkani kuma habboona, kaarboonka ugu sarreeya ee saddexda nooc ayaa loo baahan yahay inuu noqdo 0.5 iyo qaacida xisaabinta kaarboon ee u dhiganta.
Dhibaatooyinka caadiga ah: A: Qaybaha tuurista u qalma waa in ay noqdaan kuwo u qalma ka kooban kiimikaad organic, sifooyinka jireed, oo buuxiya shuruudaha, gaar ahaan wax-is-daba-marinta curiyaha haraaga, haddii kale waxay dhaawaceysaa alxanka. B: Halabuurka kiimikada dabiiciga ah ee lagu qeexay koodka ayaa weli ah kan ugu sarreeya. Si loo helo weldability wanaagsan oo loo gaaro sifooyinka jireed ee loo baahan yahay ee habka wax soo saarka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la dhiso heerarka xakamaynta gudaha ee qaybaha iyo in la sameeyo daaweynta kuleylka saxda ah ee qaybaha tuurista iyo ulaha tijaabada. Haddii kale, wax soo saarka iyo soo saarista qaybo kabka aan u qalmin. Tusaale ahaan, heerka kaarboonka birta ee WCB ≤0.3%, haddii uu dhalaalayo kaarboonka birta WCB ee 0.1% ama ka hooseeya halabuurka si loo arko waa u qalma, laakiin waxqabadka jidhku aanu buuxin shuruudaha. Haddii waxa ku jira kaarboonku uu u dhigmayo 0.3%, laakiin weldability-ku uu liito, xakamaynta nuxurka kaarboonku waxa ay ku habboon tahay 0.25%. Aad rabto inaad noqoto "gelid iyo bixitaan," maalgashadayaasha qaar ayaa si cad u soo bandhigi doona xeerarka xakamaynta kaarboonka.
C: Qaybta heerkulka ee valves steel carbon
(a) JB/T5300 - 91 "Walaxda caalamiga ah" shuruudaha waalka birta kaarboon ee la heli karo heerkulka -30 ℃ ilaa 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical steel xulashada guud ee waalka, kormeerka iyo aqbalida" shuruudaha kaarboon birta valve heerkulka la heli karo ee -20 ℃ ilaa 425 ℃ (codsiga xadka hoose ee -20 ℃ waa in lagu midoobo GB150 weelka cadaadiska birta )
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange iyo dabada alxanka dhamaadka waalka" cadaadiska shaqada - heerkulka lagu qiimeeyay shuruudaha caadiga ah qiimaha hadda WCB A105 (birta kaarboon) kala duwan heerkulka diyaarsan oo ay ku jiraan -29 ℃ ilaa 425 ℃, looma isticmaali karo ka sarreeya 425 ℃ waqti dheer. Birta adag ee kaarboon waxay leedahay u janjeera garaafka qiyaas ahaan 425 ℃. Daawaynta kulaylka ee alaabta birta ah waa mid ka mid ah tignoolajiyada wax-qabadka ee muhiimka ah ee soo saarista qalabka farsamada. Marka la barbar dhigo hababka kale ee wax soo saarka, daaweynta kulaylku guud ahaan ma beddelo qaabka iyo guud ahaan ka kooban workpiece ah, laakiin la beddelo microstructure gudaha workpiece ah, ama hagaajinta ka kooban dusha workpiece ah, in la siiyo ama hagaajin index waxqabadka ee workpiece ah. . Dabeecaddu waa in la hagaajiyo tayada ugu muhiimsan ee shaqada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani guud ahaan ma muuqato indhaha bini'aadamka.
Tilmaamaha farsamada daaweynta kulaylka:
Daaweynta kulaylka ee alaabta birta ah waa mid ka mid ah tignoolajiyada wax-soo-saarka ee muhiimka ah ee wax soo saarka qalabka farsamada. Marka la barbar dhigo hababka kale ee wax soo saarka, daaweynta kulaylku guud ahaan ma beddelo qaabka iyo guud ahaan ka kooban workpiece ah, laakiin la beddelo microstructure gudaha workpiece ah, ama hagaajinta ka kooban dusha workpiece ah, in la siiyo ama hagaajin index waxqabadka ee workpiece ah. . Dabeecaddu waa in la hagaajiyo tayada ugu muhiimsan ee shaqada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani guud ahaan ma muuqato indhaha bini'aadamka.
- Adag, sida kuleyliyaha, kuleylka kuleylka, qaboojiyaha, beddel habka si aad u hesho sifooyinka loo baahan yahay ee habka wax-qabadka.
Astaamaha: Kaliya qaybo ka mid ah qalabka shaqada ayaa lagu beddeli karaa SSDS, wax qaabaysan oo la beddeli karo ma jiraan
Ujeedada: Si loo hagaajiyo codsiga iyo waxqabadka alaabta ceeriin
Asal ahaan habka oo dhan: kululaynta → kuleylka kuleylka → qaboojiyaha
U kala saar:
1 Daaweynta kulaylka guud
damin
Daawaynta kulaylka iyo deminta
2 Daaweynta kulaylka dusha sare
Adkeynta kicinta
Daaweynta kulaylka kiimikada dabiiciga ah
Marxaladda kala-guurka xilliga kuleylka iyo qaboojinta
Kiimiko ay soo saartay kala dirida kristal ionic C ee joogteynta shabagga ee Fe (waji aluminium alloy ah kaas oo molecules xalku lagu dhex daro qulqulka joogtada ah ee dareeraha organic halka uu ka haray dareeraha organic)
Metallographic (F) C ayaa ku milmay α-Fe taas oo keentay kiristaalo ionic ah oo madhan
crystal ionic madhan oo ka dhashay kala dirida austenite (A) C gudaha Y-Fe
Pearlite (FeC) Qalab macdan ah oo ka samaysan Fe iyo C
Ferrite (P) qaab dhismeedka biraha ah iyo kiimiko la sameeyay pearlite (FFeC)
45 Birta: Farsamada bilowga ah qaabdhismeedka Metallographic (F) ferrite (P)
Habka daaweynta kulaylka guud ee birta
Farsamada wax soo saarka qaybaha guud:
Soo saarista iyo soo saarista embriyaha dhogorta - diyaarinta daaweynta kulaylka - farsamaynta farsamada - daaweynta kulaylka ugu dambeeya - dhamaystirka farsamada
Diyaarinta daaweynta kulaylka: deminta; Deminta, daaweynta kulaylka
** Daaweynta kulaylka ugu dambeeya: daaweynta kulaylka; demisay
Isbeddelka birta marka la kululeeyo
Saamaynta habka kuleylka: heli austenite
Habka wax soo saarka Austenite:
Qaboojin hoosaadka halabuurka - qaboojinta hoos u dhigista halabuurka ee interface wejiga F/Fe3C
Kobaca isha tamarta - F→ Xidid joogto ah ayaa dib u dhis ku sameysa dhalaalka Fe3C iyo C→ fidinta
3 Haraaga Fe3C dhalaalay
Qorshaha habka wax soo saarka austenite
Saamaynta saamaynta ku leh cabbirka hadhuudhka austenite
Austenite homogenization
P-eutectoids birta: PF
Wixii birta eutectoids: P Fe3CⅡ
Saamaynta socodka habka kuleylka kuleylka:
Hel austenite lebbisan, ka saar diiqada kulaylka, kor u qaad faafinta
Qodobbada saameeya cabbirka hadhuudhka austenite:
Heerkulka kulaylka ↑, waqti haynta
Xawaaraha kuleylka ↑→ Ganaax crystal ah
Kaarboon ka kooban ↑→ Ganaax crystal ah
Farsamaynta bilowga ah → Fiicnaanta crystal
Isbeddelka birta inta lagu jiro qaboojinta
Heerkulka hoose ee Austenite: Ma jiro doorsoome aan degganayn austenite oo ka muuqda hoos A1.
Falanqaynta qalooca eutectoid C
Saddex nooc oo kala duwanaansho ah
Heerkulka isbeddelka heerkulka sare ee joogtada ah: P - nooca isbeddelka
Aagga kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska atmospheric: Kala duwanaanshaha nooca B
Heerkulka aadka u hooseeya ee aagga kala duwanaanshaha: M nooca kala duwanaanshaha
Isbedelka Ferrite
Halabuurka Ferrite: isku dhafka mashiinka F iyo Fe3C
Marka la eego darawalada adag ee gobolka, ka kooban yahay si heer sare ah loo qaboojiyey koritaankuna waa nooca fidinta
3 Qaabka:
xannibid
A1 ~ 650℃: Ferrite P
650~600℃: Trostenite S (gacan P)
600 ~ 550 ℃ : Trotensite T (ultra ganaax P sidoo kale loo yaqaan trotensite)
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-11-2023
