Kupisa kurapwa kwekabhoni simbi yegedhivharafuraw material
Yakawanda yemuviri wevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavwavwaiwe)hunotarisana kuoma,saka kushandiswa kwakawanda kwekukanda zvikamu. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu ecaliber kana mavharuvhu egedhi ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa. Simbi yekabhoni inogona kushandiswa kune zvisiri-kuora, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune imwe tambo yetembiricha, kukosha kwenzvimbo, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinokuvadza. Inowanikwa tembiricha -29 ~ 425 ℃..
Yakawanda yemuviri wevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavwavwaiwe)rinotaridzika kuomarara,saka kushandiswa kwakawanda kwekukanda zvikamu. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu ecaliber kana mavharuvhu egedhi ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa.
Simbi yekabhoni inogona kushandiswa kune zvisiri-kuora, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune imwe tambo yetembiricha, kukosha kwenzvimbo, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinokuvadza. 1, chiyero chekushandiswa kwekabhoni cast simbi zvikamu zvinoshandiswa munyika yedu ndeye GB12229 - 89 "Universal vharafu, Tekinoroji standard yekabhoni simbi yekukanda zvikamu", iyo mhando yemhando ndeyeWCA, WCB, WCC. Iyo chiyero inoenderana neyekunze zvinhu zvekuyedza mubatanidzwa standard ASTMA216-77 "yakakwira tembiricha fusible kabhoni simbi Castings standard yakatarwa". Iyo chiyero yakagadziridzwa kanokwana kaviri, asi yangu GB12229-89 ichiri kushandiswa, uye iyo nyowani vhezheni yandinoona padanho razvino ndeye Astma216-2001. Iyo yakasiyana neAstma 216-77 (kureva, kubva GB12229-89) munzira nhatu.
A: Izvo zvinodiwa muna 2001 zvakawedzera chinodiwa cheWCB simbi, ndiko kuti, kune yega yega 0.01% kuderedzwa kweiyo yakakura kwazvo kabhoni inogumira kukosha, iyo yakakura kwazvo magnesium muganho kukosha inogona kuwedzerwa ne0.04% kusvika iyo yakanyanya kukosha iri 1.28%.
B: The sundries Cu yeWCA, WCB neWCC mienzaniso: 0.50% mu77, yakagadziridzwa kusvika 0.30% mu2001; Cr: 0.40% mu77 uye 0.50% muna 2001; Mo: Yaive 0.25% mu'77 uye 0.20% muna 2001.
C: The residue element synthesis inofanira kuva shoma pane kana kuenzana ne 1.0%. Muna 2001, kana paine kabhoni yakaenzana chiyero, iyi clause haina kukodzera, uye iyo yakawanda kabhoni yakaenzana nemhando nhatu inodiwa kuve 0.5 uye kabhoni yakaenzana calculation formula.
Matambudziko akajairika: A: Zvikamu zvekukanda zvinofanirwa kuve zvinokodzera muorganic makemikari kuumbwa, zvimiro zvemuviri, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa, kunyanya zvakasara element manipulation, zvikasadaro kukuvadza weldability. B: Iyo organic chemikemikari inotsanangurwa mukodhi ichiri yakanyanya. Kuti uwane yakanaka weldability uye uwane inodiwa yemuviri zvivakwa mukugadzira maitiro, zvinodikanwa kumisikidza iyo yemukati yekudzora zviyero zvezvikamu uye kuita chaiyo yekupisa kurapwa kwezvikamu zvekukanda uye tambo dzekuyedza. Zvikasadaro, kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvisina kukodzera kukanda zvikamu. Semuenzaniso, WCB simbi kabhoni yemukati mwero ≤0.3%, kana iyo inonyungudutsa WCB simbi kabhoni ye 0.1% kana yakaderera kubva kuumbwa kuona inokodzera, asi kuita kwemuviri hakuenderane nezvinodiwa. Kana iyo kabhoni yemukati yakaenzana ne0.3%, asi iyo weldability isina kunaka, iyo kabhoni yemukati yekutonga ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera ku0.25%. Unoda kuve "yekupinda nekubuda," vamwe vanoisa mari vanoisa pachena pamberi pemitemo yekudzora kabhoni.
C: Tembiricha muchikwata kabhoni simbi mavharuvhu
(a) JB/T5300 — 91 “Universal valve material” zvinodiwa kabhoni simbi vharafu iripo tembiricha ye -30 ℃ kusvika 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical simbi general valve kusarudzwa, kuongorora uye kugamuchirwa" zvinodiwa kabhoni simbi vharafu iripo tembiricha ye -20 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃ (kushandiswa kweiyo yakaderera muganho we -20 ℃ inofanira kubatanidzwa neGB150 simbi yekumanikidza ngarava. )
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange uye butt welding end valve" kushanda kumanikidza - tembiricha yakayerwa ikozvino kukosha chiyero zvinodiwa WCB A105 (carbon simbi) inowanikwa tembiricha siyana kusanganisira -29 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃, haigone kushandiswa pamusoro pe425 ℃ nguva refu. Carbon yakasimba simbi ine graphitization maitiro paanenge 425 ℃. Kupisa kupisa kwezvinhu zvesimbi ndeimwe yeakakosha ekugadzirisa matekinoroji mukugadzira michina michina. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe maitiro ekugadzira, kupisa kupisa kazhinji hakuchinji chimiro uye kuumbwa kwese kweiyo workpiece, asi nekushandura iyo yemukati microstructure yeworkpiece, kana kugadzirisa kuumbwa kweiyo workpiece pamusoro, kupa kana kuvandudza indekisi yekushanda kweiyo workpiece. . Hunhu ndehwekuvandudza iyo inonyanya kukosha yemhando yeworkpiece, zvisinei, izvi hazviwanzo kuoneka neziso remunhu.
Heat treatment tekinoroji maitiro:
Kupisa kupisa kwezvinhu zvesimbi ndeimwe yeakakosha ekugadzirisa matekinoroji mukugadzira michina yekugadzira. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe maitiro ekugadzira, kupisa kupisa kazhinji hakuchinji chimiro uye kuumbwa kwese kweiyo workpiece, asi nekushandura iyo yemukati microstructure yeworkpiece, kana kugadzirisa kuumbwa kweiyo workpiece pamusoro, kupa kana kuvandudza indekisi yekushanda kweiyo workpiece. . Hunhu ndehwekuvandudza iyo inonyanya kukosha yemhando yeworkpiece, zvisinei, izvi hazviwanzo kuoneka neziso remunhu.
- Yakasimba, maererano nekupisa, kupisa kupisa, firiji, shandura nzira kuti uwane maitiro anodiwa ekugadzirisa.
Zvimiro: Zvikamu chete zveworkpiece zvinogona kuchinjwa muSSDS, hapana chimiro chechimiro chinogona kuchinjwa
Chinangwa: Kuvandudza mashandisirwo uye kuita kwezvakagadzirwa zvinhu
Chaizvoizvo maitiro ese: kudziyisa → kupisa kupisa → firiji
Categorize:
1 General kupisa kurapwa
quench
Kurapa kwekupisa uye kudzima
2 Surface kupisa kurapwa
Induction kuomesa
Organic makemikari kupisa kurapwa
Phase transition point panguva yekudziya uye kutonhora
Kemikari inogadzirwa nekuparara kweionic crystal C mulatisi yeFe (aluminum alloy phase umo mamorekuru emushonga anosanganisirwa mulatisi yenguva dzose yeorganic solvent achisara ari organic solvent)
Metallographic (F) C yakanyungudutswa mu α-Fe zvichikonzera kusina ionic makristasi
Ionic crystal isina chinhu inokonzerwa nekuparara kwe austenite (A) C muY-Fe
Pearlite (FeC) Mushonga wesimbi wakaumbwa weFe uye C
Ferrite (P) metallographic chimiro uye pearlite yakaumbwa kemikari (FFeC)
45 Simbi: yekutanga nzira Metallographic chimiro (F) ferrite (P)
General kupisa kupisa maitiro esimbi
General zvikamu zvekugadzira tekinoroji:
Kugadzira uye kugadzira embryo dzemvere dzemakwai - kugadzirira kurapwa kwekupisa - mechanic processing - yekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa - mechani kupedzisa
Kugadzirira kurapwa kwekupisa: quenching; Kudzima, kupisa kurapwa
** Kupedza kupisa kurapwa: kupisa kurapwa; quenching
Kuchinja kwesimbi kana ichipisa
Mhedzisiro yekudziya maitiro: tora austenite
Maitiro ekugadzira Austenite:
Subcooling yekuumbwa - subcooling yekuumbwa paF/Fe3C phase interface
Simba sosi kukura - F→ A lattice inogara ichivakazve Fe3C kunyunguduka uye C→ A kupararira
3 Residual Fe3C kunyungudika
Chirongwa che austenite kugadzira maitiro
Kupesvedzera zvinhu pane austenite saizi yezviyo
Austenite homogenization
P-eutectoid simbi: PF
Yeeutectoid simbi: P Fe3CⅡ
Mhedzisiro yekuyerera kwekudzivirira kupisa kuyerera:
Wana yunifomu austenite, bvisa kupisa kunetseka, kukurudzira kupararira
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa austenite saizi yezviyo:
Tembiricha yekudziya ↑, kubata nguva ↑→ tsanga inokura nekukurumidza
Kumhanyisa kupisa ↑→ A crystal fine
Carbon ine ↑→ A crystal fine
Yekutanga meshini kunaka → Kunatsa kwekristaro
Kuchinja kwesimbi panguva yekutonhora
Yakadzika tembiricha austenite: Hapana shanduko isina kugadzikana austenite inoonekwa pazasi A1.
Kuongororwa kwe eutectoid C curve
Mhando nhatu dzekusiyana
Inoenderera yakakwira tembiricha yekuchinja nzvimbo: P - mhando shanduko
Atmospheric pressure variation zone: Type B musiyano
Ultra-yakaderera tembiricha musiyano zone: M mhando kusiyana
Ferrite kuchinja
Ferrite kuumbwa: muchina musanganiswa weF uye Fe3C
Pasi pemadhiraivha akasimba, kuumbwa kwakanyungudika uye kukura kuri kupararira-mhando shanduko
3 Chimiro:
block
A1 ~ 650 ℃ : ferrite P
650 ~ 600 ℃ : Trostenite S (yakanaka P)
600 ~ 550 ℃ : Trotensite T (ultra fine P inozivikanwawo se trotensite)
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-11-2023
