Gushyushya ibyuma bya karubone kumaremboindangaibikoresho fatizo
Byinshi mumibiri ya valve, flave imwe ya valve na valve valve (piston valve) bisa nkibigoye cyane, muburyo rusange bwo gukoresha ibice. Gusa kalibiri ya valve cyangwa amarembo afite amahame yihariye yimikorere ikoresha ibice byuma. Ibyuma bya karubone birashobora gukoreshwa mubintu bitangirika, mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe nko mubihe runaka byubushyuhe, ibidukikije byagaciro, bishobora gukoreshwa mubintu bimwe na bimwe byangirika. Ubushyuhe buboneka -29 ~ 425 ℃ ..
Byinshi mumibiri ya valve, flave imwe ya valve na valve valve (piston valve) bisa nkibigoye cyane, muburyo rusange bwo gukoresha ibice. Gusa kalibiri ya valve cyangwa amarembo afite amahame yihariye yimikorere ikoresha ibice byuma.
Ibyuma bya karubone birashobora gukoreshwa mubintu bitangirika, mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe nko mubihe runaka byubushyuhe, ibidukikije byagaciro, bishobora gukoreshwa mubintu bimwe na bimwe byangirika. 1, ishyirwa mubikorwa ryibice byibyuma bya karubone bikoreshwa mugihugu cyacu ni GB12229 - 89 “Universal valve, Standard Technique yibice byo guta ibyuma bya karubone”, ikirango cyibikoresho ni WCA, WCB, WCC. Igipimo gikwiranye n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibizamini byo mu mahanga ASTMA216-77 “ubushyuhe bwo hejuru fusible carbone ibyuma Castings standard specification”. Ibipimo byahinduwe byibuze kabiri, ariko GB12229-89 yanjye iracyakoreshwa, kandi verisiyo nshya mbona kuri iki gihe ni Astma216-2001. Itandukanye na Astma 216-77 (ni ukuvuga kuva GB12229-89) muburyo butatu.
Igisubizo: Ibisabwa 2001 byongeweho icyifuzo cyicyuma cya WCB, ni ukuvuga ko kuri buri 0.01% kugabanya agaciro ka karuboni nini cyane, agaciro ka magnesium nini cyane gashobora kwiyongera 0,04% kugeza igihe agaciro ntarengwa ari 1.28%.
B: Sundries Cu ya moderi ya WCA, WCB na WCC: 0,50% muri 77, yahinduwe kuri 0,30% muri 2001; Cr: 0,40% muri 77 na 0,50% muri 2001; Mo: Byari 0,25% muri 77 na 0,20% muri 2001.
C: Sintezike yibintu bisigaye bigomba kuba munsi cyangwa bingana na 1.0%. Muri 2001, iyo hari karubone ihwanye na karubone, iyi ngingo ntabwo ikwiye, kandi karubone ntarengwa ihwanye na moderi eshatu isabwa kuba 0.5 hamwe na karuboni yayo ihwanye no kubara.
Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara: A: Ibice byujuje ibisabwa bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwa chimique, imiterere yumubiri, kandi byujuje ibisabwa, cyane cyane ibintu bisigara manipulation, bitabaye ibyo byangiza gusudira. B: Ibihingwa ngengabuzima bivugwa muri kode biracyari byinshi. Kugirango ubone gusudira neza no kugera kubintu bifatika bisabwa mubikorwa byo gukora, birakenewe gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byimbere yimbere yibigize no gukora neza ubushyuhe bukwiye bwibice bya casting hamwe ninkoni zipimisha. Bitabaye ibyo, umusaruro no gukora ibice byujuje ibyangombwa. Kurugero, ibyuma bya WCB ibyuma bya karubone bisanzwe ≤0.3%, niba gushonga ibyuma bya WCB ibyuma bya karuboni ya 0.1% cyangwa munsi yibigize kugirango ubone byujuje ibisabwa, ariko imikorere yumubiri ntabwo yujuje ibisabwa. Niba ibirimo karubone bihwanye na 0.3%, ariko gusudira ni bibi, kugenzura ibirimo karubone birakwiriye kuri 0.25%. Ushaka kuba "kwinjira no gusohoka," abashoramari bamwe bazashyira ahagaragara amabwiriza yo kugenzura karubone.
C: Icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe bwa karubone ibyuma
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. igihe kirekire. Ibyuma bikomeye bya karubone bifite igishushanyo mbonera hafi 425 ℃. Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibikoresho ni bumwe mu buhanga bukomeye bwo gutunganya mu gukora ibikoresho bya mashini. Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gukora, kuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange ntabwo bihindura imiterere nibisanzwe muri rusange byakazi, ariko muguhindura microstructure y'imbere yibikorwa, cyangwa guhindura ibice bigize igicapo, kugirango utange cyangwa utezimbere imikorere yimikorere yakazi. . Ibiranga ni ukuzamura ireme ryingenzi ryibikorwa, ariko, mubisanzwe ntabwo bigaragara mumaso yumuntu.
Ibiranga tekinoroji yo kuvura ubushyuhe:
Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibikoresho ni bumwe mu buhanga bukomeye bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byo gukora imashini. Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gukora, kuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange ntabwo bihindura imiterere nibisanzwe muri rusange byakazi, ariko muguhindura microstructure y'imbere yibikorwa, cyangwa guhindura ibice bigize igicapo, kugirango utange cyangwa utezimbere imikorere yimikorere yakazi. . Ibiranga ni ukuzamura ireme ryingenzi ryibikorwa, ariko, mubisanzwe ntabwo bigaragara mumaso yumuntu.
- Birakomeye, ukurikije ubushyuhe, kubika ubushyuhe, gukonjesha, hindura uburyo kugirango ubone ibimenyetso bisabwa murwego rwo gutunganya.
Ibiranga: Gusa ibice byakazi birashobora guhinduka muri SSDS, ntamiterere yihariye ishobora guhinduka
Intego: Kunoza porogaramu n'imikorere y'ibikoresho fatizo
Ahanini inzira yose: gushyushya → ubushyuhe → gukonjesha
Shyira mu byiciro:
1 Kuvura ubushyuhe rusange
kuzimya
Gushyushya no kuzimya
2 Kuvura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru
Gukomera
Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa chimique
Icyiciro cyinzibacyuho mugihe cyo gushyushya no gukonja
Imiti ikorwa no gusesa ionic hrstal C muri lattice ihoraho ya Fe (icyiciro cya aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu aho molekile yumuti yinjizwa mumashanyarazi ihoraho yumutungo kamere mugihe hasigaye ibinyabuzima)
Metallographic (F) C yashonga muri α-Fe bivamo kristu idafite ionic
Ikirahuri cya ionic kristu ituruka ku iseswa rya austenite (A) C muri Y-Fe
Pearlite (FeC) Ikomatanyirizo ryakozwe na Fe na C.
Imiterere ya ferrite (P) na pearlite ikora imiti (FFeC)
45 Icyuma: uburyo bwambere Imiterere ya Metallographic (F) ferrite (P)
Uburyo rusange bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibyuma
Ibice rusange byikoranabuhanga bikora:
Gukora no gukora insoro z'ubwoya - gutegura kuvura ubushyuhe - gutunganya imashini - kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma - kurangiza imashini
Gutegura kuvura ubushyuhe: kuzimya; Kuzimya, kuvura ubushyuhe
** Kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma: kuvura ubushyuhe; kuzimya
Guhindura ibyuma iyo bishyushye
Ingaruka zo gushyushya: kubona austenite
Umusaruro wa Austenite:
Subcooling yibihimbano - subcooling yibigize kuri interineti ya F / Fe3C
Gukura kw'ingufu - F → Uruzitiro ruhoraho rwubaka Fe3C gushonga na C → Gukwirakwiza
3 Gusigara Fe3C gushonga
Gahunda yumusaruro wa austenite
Ingaruka ziterwa nubunini bwa austenite
Austenite homogenisation
P-eutectoid ibyuma: PF
Ibyuma bya eutectoid: P Fe3CⅡ
Ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe:
Shaka austenite imwe, ikureho ubushyuhe bwumuriro, uteze imbere gukwirakwira
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bunini bwa austenite:
Ubushyuhe ubushyuhe ↑, gufata umwanya ↑ → Ingano ikura vuba
Umuvuduko ushushe ↑ fine Amande meza
Carbone irimo ↑ fine Amande meza
Uburyo bwambere bwiza bwiza → A kristu nziza
Guhindura ibyuma mugihe cyo gukonja
Ubushyuhe buke austenite: Nta gihindagurika gihindagurika austenite igaragara munsi ya A1.
Isesengura rya eutectoid C umurongo
Ubwoko butatu bwo gutandukana
Gukomeza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burigihe: P - ubwoko bwimpinduka
Umuvuduko ukabije wa Atmospheric zone: Ubwoko B butandukanye
Ultra-hasi yubushyuhe butandukanye zone: M ubwoko butandukanye
Impinduka
Ibigize Ferrite: imashini ivanze ya F na Fe3C
Munsi ya disiki ikomeye, ibiyigize birenze urugero kandi gukura ni impinduka zo mu bwoko
3 Imiterere:
guhagarika
A1 ~ 650 ℃: ferrite P.
650 ~ 600 ℃: Trostenite S (nziza P)
600 ~ 550 ℃: Trotensite T (ultra nziza P nayo izwi nka trotensite)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-11-2023
