Kutentha mankhwala a carbon zitsulo pachipatavalavuzopangira
Zambiri mwa valavu ya valve, valavu imodzi yothamanga ndi valve yachipata (pistoni valve) imawoneka yovuta kwambiri, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse zoponyera. Mavavu ena a caliber kapena ma valve a zipata okhala ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo. Chitsulo cha carbon chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopanda dzimbiri, m'mikhalidwe ina yapadera, monga kutentha kwamtundu wina, chilengedwe chamtengo wapatali, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zina zowononga. Likupezeka kutentha -29 ~ 425 ℃..
Thupi la ma valve ambiri, valavu imodzi yothamanga ndi valve yachipata (pistoni valve) imawoneka yovuta kwambiri, kotero kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa ziwalo zoponyera. Mavavu ena a caliber kapena ma valve a zipata okhala ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo.
Chitsulo cha carbon chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopanda dzimbiri, m'mikhalidwe ina yapadera, monga kutentha kwamtundu wina, chilengedwe chamtengo wapatali, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zina zowononga. 1, mulingo wokhazikitsidwa wa zida zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dziko lathu ndi GB12229 — 89 "Vavu Yonse, Muyezo waukadaulo wa zida zoponyera zitsulo za kaboni", mtundu wazinthu ndi WCA, WCB, WCC. Muyezowu ukugwirizana ndi muyezo wa ASTMA216-77 woyesa zinthu zakunja "kutentha kwambiri kwa fusible carbon steel Castings standard". Muyezo wasinthidwa kawiri, koma GB12229-89 yanga ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito, ndipo mtundu watsopano womwe ndikuwona pakali pano ndi Astma216-2001. Zimasiyana ndi Astma 216-77 (ndiko kuti, kuchokera ku GB12229-89) m'njira zitatu.
A: Zofunikira za 2001 zinawonjezera zofunikira pazitsulo za WCB, ndiko kuti, pakuchepetsa 0.01% pamtengo waukulu kwambiri wa carbon, mtengo waukulu kwambiri wa magnesium ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 0,04% mpaka mtengo wapamwamba ndi 1.28%.
B: The sundries Cu ya WCA, WCB ndi WCC zitsanzo: 0.50% mu 77, kusintha kwa 0.30% mu 2001; Cr: 0.40% mu 77 ndi 0.50% mu 2001; Mo: Inali 0.25% mu '77 ndi 0.20% mu 2001.
C: Kuphatikizika kwazinthu zotsalira kuyenera kukhala kochepa kapena kofanana ndi 1.0%. Mu 2001, pakakhala mulingo wofanana ndi mpweya, ndime iyi siyenera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofanana ndi mitundu itatuyi kumafunika kukhala 0.5 ndi formula yake yowerengera yofanana ndi mpweya.
Mavuto wamba: A: Magawo oponyera oyenerera ayenera kukhala oyenererana ndi zinthu zakuthupi, mawonekedwe akuthupi, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira, makamaka kusintha kwazinthu zotsalira, apo ayi kuvulaza kuwotcherera. B: Kapangidwe kake ka organic komwe kamatchulidwa mu code akadali kokwanira. Kuti mupeze weldability wabwino ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zakuthupi popanga zinthu, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa miyezo yowongolera mkati mwa zigawo ndikuchita zowongolera kutentha kwa zigawo zoponya ndi ndodo zoyesa. Apo ayi, kupanga ndi kupanga mbali zoponyedwa zosayenerera. Mwachitsanzo, WCB zitsulo mpweya zili muyezo ≤0.3%, ngati smelter kunja WCB zitsulo mpweya zili 0.1% kapena kutsika kuchokera zikuchokera kuona ndi woyenerera, koma ntchito thupi sagwirizana ndi zofunika. Ngati mpweya wa carbon uli wofanana ndi 0.3%, koma weldability ndi wochepa, mphamvu ya carbon content ndiyoyenera 0.25%. Mukufuna kukhala "kulowa ndi kutuluka," osunga ndalama ena amaika patsogolo malamulo oyendetsera mpweya.
C: Kutentha gulu la carbon zitsulo mavavu
(a) JB/T5300 — 91 “zinthu valavu zonse” zofunika mpweya zitsulo vavu kupezeka kutentha kwa -30 ℃ mpaka 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical chitsulo general vavu kusankha, kuyendera ndi kuvomereza" zofunika mpweya zitsulo valavu kupezeka kutentha kwa -20 ℃ mpaka 425 ℃ (kugwiritsa ntchito malire otsika -20 ℃ ndi kukhala ogwirizana ndi GB150 zitsulo kuthamanga chotengera )
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange ndi matako kuwotcherera mapeto valavu" ntchito kuthamanga - kutentha oveteredwa mtengo panopa zofunika muyezo zofunika WCB A105 (mpweya zitsulo) zilipo kutentha osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo -29 ℃ kuti 425 ℃, sangathe ntchito pamwamba 425 ℃ kwa nthawi yayitali. Chitsulo cholimba cha mpweya chimakhala ndi chizolowezi cha graphitization pafupifupi 425 ℃. Kutentha kwazinthu zachitsulo ndi imodzi mwamakina ofunikira kwambiri popanga zida zamakina. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira, chithandizo cha kutentha nthawi zambiri sichisintha mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe onse a workpiece, koma ndikusintha microstructure mkati mwa workpiece, kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a workpiece pamwamba, kupereka kapena kusintha ndondomeko ya ntchito ya workpiece. . Khalidwe ndikusintha mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa chogwiriracho, komabe, izi siziwoneka ndi maso amunthu.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo wochizira kutentha:
Kutentha kwazinthu zachitsulo ndi imodzi mwamakina ofunikira pakukonza zida zamakina. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira, chithandizo cha kutentha nthawi zambiri sichisintha mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe onse a workpiece, koma ndikusintha microstructure mkati mwa workpiece, kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a workpiece pamwamba, kupereka kapena kusintha ndondomeko ya ntchito ya workpiece. . Khalidwe ndikusintha mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa chogwiriracho, komabe, izi siziwoneka ndi maso amunthu.
- Zolimba, molingana ndi kutentha, kutentha kwa kutentha, firiji, sinthani makina kuti mupeze zofunikira pakukonzekera.
Mawonekedwe: Magawo okha a workpiece angasinthidwe mu SSDS, palibe mawonekedwe omwe angasinthidwe
Cholinga: Kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zopangira
Kwenikweni ndondomeko yonse: Kutentha → kusungunula kutentha → firiji
Gawani:
1 General kutentha mankhwala
kuzimitsa
Kutentha mankhwala ndi kuzimitsa
2 pamwamba kutentha mankhwala
Kukhazikika kwa induction
Organic mankhwala kutentha mankhwala
Gawo losinthira potentha ndi kuziziritsa
Mankhwala opangidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa ionic crystal C mu latisi yosasintha ya Fe (gawo la aluminiyamu alloy momwe mamolekyu amadzimadzi amaphatikizidwa muzitsulo zosasunthika za organic zosungunulira pamene zimakhala zosungunulira)
Metallographic (F) C kusungunuka mu α-Fe kupangitsa kuti makristalo a ayoni opanda kanthu
Ma ionic crystal opanda kanthu chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa austenite (A) C mu Y-Fe
Pearlite (FeC) Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi Fe ndi C
Ferrite (P) metallographic kapangidwe ndi pearlite zopangidwa mankhwala (FFeC)
45 Chitsulo: makina oyambirira a Metallographic (F) ferrite (P)
General kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko zitsulo
General Part Production Technology:
Kupanga ndi kupanga miluza ya ubweya - kukonzekera chithandizo cha kutentha - kukonza makina - chithandizo cha kutentha komaliza - kumaliza kwamakina
Kukonzekera chithandizo cha kutentha: kuzimitsa; Kuzimitsa, kutentha mankhwala
** Chithandizo chomaliza cha kutentha: chithandizo cha kutentha; kuzimitsa
Kusintha kwachitsulo chikatenthedwa
Zotsatira za Kutentha: pezani austenite
Njira yopangira Austenite:
Kuziziritsa pang'ono kwa kapangidwe - kuziziritsa pang'ono kwa zolemba pa F/Fe3C gawo mawonekedwe
Kukula kwa gwero lamphamvu - F→ Lattice nthawi zonse imamanganso Fe3C kusungunuka ndi C→ A kufalikira
3 Yotsalira Fe3C kusungunuka
Ndondomeko ya kupanga austenite process
Zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwambewu ya austenite
Austenite homogenization
P-eutectoid zitsulo: PF
Kwa chitsulo cha eutectoid: P Fe3CⅡ
Zotsatira za kayendedwe ka kutentha kwa kutentha:
Pezani yunifolomu austenite, chotsani kupsinjika kwamafuta, kulimbikitsa kufalikira
Zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwambewu ya austenite:
Kutentha kwa kutentha ↑, kusunga nthawi ↑→ Njere imakula mofulumira
Kuthamanga kwa kutentha ↑→ Chilichonse chonyezimira
Mpweya wokhala ndi ↑→ Chilichonse chonyezimira
Kuwongolera koyambirira kwamakina → Kuwongolera konyezimira
Kusintha kwachitsulo panthawi yozizira
Kutentha kochepa kwa austenite: Palibe kusintha kosasunthika kwa austenite komwe kumawonekera pansi pa A1.
Kusanthula kwa eutectoid C curve
Mitundu itatu yosiyana
Kusintha kwa kutentha kopitilira muyeso: P - kusintha kwamtundu
Malo osinthira mphamvu ya mumlengalenga: Kusintha kwa mtundu wa B
Zone yotsika kwambiri kutentha: Kusintha kwa mtundu wa M
Kusintha kwa ferrite
Kupanga kwa Ferrite: makina osakaniza a F ndi Fe3C
Pansi pa zoyendetsa zolimba, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kozizira kwambiri ndipo kukula ndikusintha kwamtundu wamitundu
3 mawonekedwe:
chipika
A1 ~ 650 ℃: ferrite P
650 ~ 600 ℃ : Trostenite S (zabwino P)
600 ~ 550 ℃ : Trotensite T (ultra fine P amadziwikanso kuti trotensite)
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-11-2023
