Ukunyangwa kobushushu bentsimbi yekhabhoni yesangoivalveImpahla engekasilwa
Uninzi lomzimba wevalve, ivalve yokuqukuqela enye kunye nevalve yesango (ivalve yepiston) ibonakala intsonkothe ngakumbi, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweendawo zokuphosa. Kuphela ezinye iivalve zecaliber okanye iivalve zesango ezinemigangatho ekhethekileyo yokusebenza zisebenzisa iindawo zentsimbi. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ingasetyenziselwa izinto ezingadlekiyo, kwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo ezifana noluhlu oluthile lobushushu, ubume bexabiso lokuxinana, ingasetyenziselwa ezinye izinto ezidlayo. Iqondo lobushushu elikhoyo -29~425℃..
Uninzi lomzimba wevalve, ivalve yokuqukuqela enye kunye nevalve yesango (ivalve yepiston) ibonakala intsonkothe ngakumbi, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweendawo zokuphosa. Kuphela ezinye iivalve zecaliber okanye iivalve zesango ezinemigangatho ekhethekileyo yokusebenza zisebenzisa iindawo zentsimbi.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ingasetyenziselwa izinto ezingadlekiyo, kwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo ezifana noluhlu oluthile lobushushu, ubume bexabiso lokuxinana, ingasetyenziselwa ezinye izinto ezidlayo. I-1, umgangatho wokuphunyezwa kweengxenye ze-carbon cast steel ezisetyenziswe kwilizwe lethu yi-GB12229 — 89 "I-valve ye-Universal, umgangatho wobugcisa we-carbon steel casting parts", uphawu lwezinto ezibonakalayo yi-WCA, WCB, WCC. Umgangatho uhambelana nomgangatho we-ASTMA216-77 we-ASTMA216-77 "ubushushu obuphezulu be-carbon steel Castings standard specifications". Umgangatho uguqulwe kabini ubuncinci, kodwa i-GB12229-89 yam isasebenza, kwaye inguqulelo entsha endiyibonayo kwinqanaba langoku yi-Astma216-2001. Ihluke kwi-Astma 216-77 (oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwi-GB12229-89) ngeendlela ezintathu.
A: Iimfuno ze-2001 zongeze imfuno ye-WCB yensimbi, oko kukuthi, kwi-0.01% yokunciphisa ixabiso lomda wekhabhoni enkulu kakhulu, ixabiso lomda we-magnesium likhulu kakhulu linganyuswa nge-0.04% de ixabiso eliphezulu li-1.28%.
B: I-sundries Cu ye-WCA, i-WCB kunye ne-WCC imodeli: i-0.50% kwi-77, ilungiswe kwi-0.30% ngo-2001; I-Cr: 0.40% kwi-77 kunye ne-0.50% ngo-2001; Mo: Yayiyi-0.25% ngo-'77 kunye ne-0.20% ngo-2001.
C: Intsalela element synthesis kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi okanye ilingane 1.0%. Ngo-2001, xa kukho umgangatho olinganayo wekhabhoni, eli gatya alifanelekanga, kwaye ubuninzi bekhabhoni obulingana nemodeli emithathu kufuneka ibe yi-0.5 kunye nefomula yokubala elinganayo yekhabhoni.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo: A: Amalungu okujula afanelekileyo kufuneka afaneleke kukwakheka kweekhemikhali eziphilayo, iipropathi ezibonakalayo, kwaye ahlangabezane neemfuno, ngakumbi ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezishiyekileyo, kungenjalo zonakalise ukuwelda. B: I-organic chemical composition echazwe kwikhowudi iseyona nto iphezulu. Ukuze ufumane i-weldability efanelekileyo kwaye ufezekise iipropati ezifunekayo zomzimba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kuyimfuneko ukuseka imigangatho yokulawula yangaphakathi yamacandelo kwaye uqhube unyango oluchanekileyo lobushushu beendawo zokuphosa kunye neentonga zokuvavanya. Ngaphandle koko, ukuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kweendawo ezingafanelekanga zokuphosa. Ngokomzekelo, umgangatho wekhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB ≤0.3%, ukuba i-smelter out WCB yensimbi ye-carbon content ye-0.1% okanye ephantsi ukusuka ekubunjweni ukuze ibone ifanelekile, kodwa ukusebenza komzimba akuhambelani neemfuno. Ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni ulingana ne-0.3%, kodwa i-weldability impofu, ulawulo lwekhabhoni lufanelekile kwi-0.25%. Ufuna ukuba "ukungena kunye nokuphuma," abanye abatyali-mali baya kubeka ngokucacileyo imimiselo yolawulo lwekhabhoni.
C: Udidi lobushushu lwe-carbon steel valves
(a) JB/T5300 — 91 “izixhobo zevalve yendalo yonke” iimfuno zevalve yentsimbi yekhabhoni yobushushu obukhoyo obuyi-30℃ ukuya kuma-450℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "intsimbi yepetrochemical yokukhetha ivalvu jikelele, ukuhlolwa kunye nokwamkelwa" iimfuno carbon steel valve ubushushu obukhoyo -20 ℃ ukuya 425 ℃ (ukusetyenziswa umda ophantsi -20 ℃ kufuneka zidityaniswe GB150 isitya soxinzelelo lwentsimbi )
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "ivalve yeflange kunye ne-butt welding end" uxinzelelo lokusebenza - iqondo lobushushu elilinganiswe ngoku ixabiso langoku iimfuno ezisemgangathweni zomgangatho WCB A105 (carbon steel) uluhlu lobushushu olukhoyo kubandakanywa -29℃ ukuya ku-425℃, ayinakusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwe-425℃ ixesha elide. Ikhabhoni eyomeleleyo yentsimbi inomkhuba wegraphitization malunga ne-425 ℃. Ukunyangwa kobushushu bezinto zetsimbi yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zobuchwephesha bokucubungula ekwenzeni izixhobo zoomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokuvelisa, unyango lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo alutshintshi imilo kunye nokwakheka ngokubanzi kwe-workpiece, kodwa ngokuguqula i-microstructure yangaphakathi ye-workpiece, okanye ukulungelelanisa ukubunjwa kwendawo yokusebenza, ukunika okanye ukuphucula isalathisi sokusebenza kwendawo yokusebenza. . Uphawu kukuphucula owona mgangatho ubalulekileyo wesixhobo sokusebenza, nangona kunjalo, oku akubonakali kwiliso lomntu.
Iimpawu zobuchwepheshe bonyango lobushushu:
Ukunyangwa kobushushu bezinto zetsimbi yenye yetekhnoloji ebalulekileyo yokucubungula kwimveliso yezixhobo zoomatshini. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokuvelisa, unyango lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo alutshintshi imilo kunye nokwakheka ngokubanzi kwe-workpiece, kodwa ngokuguqula i-microstructure yangaphakathi ye-workpiece, okanye ukulungelelanisa ukubunjwa kwendawo yokusebenza, ukunika okanye ukuphucula isalathisi sokusebenza kwendawo yokusebenza. . Uphawu kukuphucula owona mgangatho ubalulekileyo wesixhobo sokusebenza, nangona kunjalo, oku akubonakali kwiliso lomntu.
- Ukuqina, ngokutshisa, ukushisa ukushisa, ifriji, ukutshintsha indlela yokufumana iimpawu ezifunekayo zenkqubo yokucubungula.
Iimpawu: Kuphela iindawo zokusebenzela ezinokutshintshwa kwi-SSDS, akukho nkcazo yemilo inokutshintshwa
Injongo: Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kwemathiriyeli ekrwada
Ngokusisiseko yonke inkqubo: ukufudumeza → ukugquma ubushushu → isikhenkcisi
Cazulula:
1 Unyango oluqhelekileyo lobushushu
cima
Unyango lobushushu kunye nokucima
2 Unyango lobushushu bomhlaba
Ukwenziwa lukhuni
Unyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali ye-Organic
Indawo yokutshintsha kwesigaba ngexesha lokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa
Ikhemikhali eveliswe ngokuchithwa kwe-ionic crystal C kwi-lattice constant ye-Fe (isigaba se-aluminium alloy apho iimolekyuli zesisombululo zifakwe kwi-lattice constant ye-solvent ye-organic ngelixa isala i-solvent ye-organic)
I-Metallographic (F) C inyibilikiswa kwi-α-Fe ekhokelela kwiikristale ze-ionic ezingenanto
Ikristale ye-ionic engenanto ebangelwa kukuchithwa kwe-austenite (A) C kwi-Y-Fe
IPearlite (FeC) Ikhompawundi yesinyithi eyenziwe ngeFe kunye neC
I-Ferrite (P) isakhiwo se-metallographic kunye ne-pearlite eyenziwe ngamachiza (FFeC)
45 Intsimbi: indlela yokuqala Ulwakhiwo lweMetallographic (F) ferrite (P)
Inkqubo yonyango yokushisa ngokubanzi yentsimbi
Itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwezixhobo ngokubanzi:
Ukuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kweembumba zoboya - ukulungiselela unyango lobushushu - ukulungiswa komatshini - unyango lokugqibela lobushushu - ukugqiba ngomatshini
Ukulungiselela unyango lokushisa: ukucima; Ukucima, unyango lobushushu
** Unyango lokugqibela lokushisa: unyango lobushushu; ukucima
Ukutshintsha kwentsimbi xa ishushu
Umphumo wenkqubo yokufudumala: fumana i-austenite
Inkqubo yemveliso ye-Austenite:
I-Subcooling of composition - i-subcooling yokwakheka kwi-interface yesigaba se-F / Fe3C
Ukukhula komthombo wamandla — F→ Ilathisi engaguqukiyo yakha ngokutsha ukunyibilika kwe-Fe3C kunye no-C→ ukunwenwa
3 Intsalela yokunyibilika kwe-Fe3C
Isicwangciso senkqubo yemveliso ye-austenite
Izinto ezinempembelelo kubungakanani beenkozo ze-austenite
Austenite homogenization
Intsimbi ye-P-eutectoid: PF
Yentsimbi ye-eutectoid: P Fe3CⅡ
Isiphumo sokuhamba kwenkqubo yokugquma ubushushu:
Fumana i-uniform austenite, susa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal, ukhuthaze ukusasazeka
Izinto ezichaphazela ubungakanani beenkozo ze-austenite:
Ubushushu bobushushu ↑, ukubamba ixesha ↑→ Inkozo ikhula ngokukhawuleza
Isantya sokufudumeza ↑→ Isohlwayo sekristale
Ikhabhoni equlathe ↑→ Isohlwayo sekristale
Indlela yokuqala yokucoleka → Ukucoleka kwekristale
Ukutshintsha kwentsimbi ngexesha lokupholisa
Ubushushu obuphantsi be-austenite: Akukho tshintsho lwe-austenite olungazinzanga luvela ngaphantsi kwe-A1.
Uhlalutyo lwe-eutectoid C curve
Iintlobo ezintathu zokwahluka
Indawo eqhubekayo yokutshintsha ubushushu obuphezulu: P – uhlobo lotshintsho
Ummandla wokutshintsha koxinzelelo lwe-Atmospheric: Uhlobo lwe-B eyahlukileyo
Izowuni yokutshintsha kobushushu obusezantsi kakhulu: Uhlobo lohlobo lwe-M
Ukutshintsha kweFerrite
Ukubunjwa kweFerrite: umxube womatshini we-F kunye ne-Fe3C
Ngaphantsi komgangatho oqinileyo wokuqhuba, ukwakheka kupholile kakhulu kwaye ukukhula kukutshintsha kohlobo losasazo
3 Ubume:
vimba
A1 ~ 650℃ : ferrite P
650~600℃ : Trostenite S (fine P)
600~550℃ : Trotensite T (ultra fine P eyaziwa ngokuba yi trotensite)
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-11-2023
