I-valve ye-valve ye-sealing surface material ye-valve yokushisela ikhubazekile indlela yokubhekana nayo

I-valve ye-valve ye-sealing surface material ye-valve yokushisela ikhubazekile indlela yokubhekana nayo

I-valve sealing surface iwubuso obubalulekile bokusebenza be-valve, ikhwalithi yendawo yokuvala ihlobene nempilo yesevisi ye-valve, ngokuvamile ivala impahla engaphezulu ukuze kucatshangelwe ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nemihuzuko, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana ne-oxidation nezinye izici. Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: izinto ezithambile, izinto zokuvala okunzima.
I-valve sealing surface iwubuso obubalulekile bokusebenza be-valve, ikhwalithi yendawo yokuvala ihlobene nempilo yesevisi ye-valve, ngokuvamile ivala impahla engaphezulu ukuze kucatshangelwe ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nemihuzuko, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana ne-oxidation nezinye izici.
Ngokuvamile kuba nezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
(1) Izinto ezithambile
1, irabha (kubandakanya irabha ye-butadiene, irabha ye-fluorine, njll.)
2, ipulasitiki (PTFE, inayiloni, njll.)
(2) izinto zokuvala eziqinile
I-1, i-alloy yethusi (ye-valve yokucindezela okuphansi)
2, insimbi engagqwali ye-chromium (yevalvu evamile yomfutho ophezulu)
I-3, i-Sitai alloy (yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nama-valve omfutho ophezulu kanye nama-valve okugqwala aqinile)
4. I-nickel base alloy (yemidiya ebolayo)
Ithebula lokukhetha impahla yokuvala ivalvu
I-valve sealing surface material kusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa /℃ ubulukhuni obusebenzayo obusebenzayo be-valve ye-bronze emaphakathi -273 ~ 232 amanzi, amanzi olwandle, umoya, umoya-mpilo, i-saturated steam 316L valve sealing surface -268 ~ 31614HRC umusi, amanzi, uwoyela, igesi, igesi ewuketshezi, kanye okunye ukugqwala okuncane futhi akukho ukuguguleka kwendawo evalekayo yevalvu engu-17-4PH emaphakathi -40 ~ 40040 ~ 45HRC enemidiya egqwala kancane kodwa egqwalayo Ubuso obuvala amavalvu e-Cr13 -101~40037 ~ 42HRC ene-valve egqwalile kancane kodwa egqwalayo ~65040 ~ 45HRC (izinga lokushisa legumbi)
I-38HRC (650 ° C) enemithombo yezindaba ebolayo negqwalayo I-Monel alloy KS valve sealing surface -240~48227 ~ 35HRC
30 ~ 38HRC i-alkali, usawoti, ukudla, isisombululo se-asidi ngaphandle komoya, njll. I-Hasloy CB valve seal surface 371
53814HRC
I-23HRC I-Corrosive mineral acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, igesi ye-hydrochloric acid emanzi, isixazululo samahhala se-chloric acid, i-oxidation medium eqinile No. 20 i-alloy valve sealing surface -45.6~316
-253 ~ 427 oxidizing medium kanye nokugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid
Ungabhekana kanjani nokukhubazeka kwe-valve welding
1, isifinyezo se-
Phakathi kwama-valve okucindezela kumapayipi ezimboni, ama-valve ensimbi adumile ngezindleko zawo zokonga kanye nomklamo oguquguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemingcele yobukhulu bokubunjwa, ubukhulu bodonga, isimo sezulu, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemisebenzi yokwakha, ukukhubazeka kokuphonsa okufana nama-trachholes, ama-pores, imifantu, i-shrinkage porosity, izimbobo zokuncipha kanye nokufakwa kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ku-alloy steel castings nge-sand casting. Ngenxa yokuthi izakhi eziningi ze-alloying ensimbi, i-fluidity yensimbi ewuketshezi iba yimbi kakhulu, ukukhubazeka kokuphonsa kungenzeka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukucwaswa kwe-defect kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubo ye-welding yokulungisa enengqondo, yezomnotho, esebenzayo futhi enokwethenjelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-valve yokulungisa i-valve ihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi sekuyinkinga evamile yokucubungula i-valve eshisayo nebandayo. Leli phepha lethula izindlela zokulungisa i-welding kanye nesipiliyoni seziphambeko eziningana ezivamile zokukhishwa kwensimbi (i-electrode imelelwa uphawu oludala).
2. Ukwelashwa kokukhubazeka
2.1 Ukwahlulela okungalungile
EKUKHIQISWENI, EZINYE IZIPHUMA ZOKUBHALISA AKUVUMELEKILE ukulungisa ukushisela, njengemifantu engena, ukonakala okungenayo (ngokuya phansi), izimbotshana zamakhekheba ezinyosi, ezingakwazi ukwenza isihlabathi kanye ne-slag kanye nokushwabana kwendawo engaphezu kwamasentimitha-skwele angama-65, kanjalo ezinye iziphambeko ezinkulu ezingeke zilungiswe ukushisela okuvunyelwene ngazo kwinkontileka. Uhlobo lwesici kufanele lunqunywe ngaphambi kokulungisa ukushisela.
2.2. Ukuqedwa kwesici
Emafekthri, i-carbon arc air gouging ingasetshenziswa ukususa amaphutha okusakaza, bese i-Angle grinder ebanjwa ngesandla ingasetshenziswa ukupholisha izingxenye ezinesici kuze kube yilapho kuvezwa ukucwebezela kwensimbi. Kodwa ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza, amaphutha asuswa ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa i-carbon steel electrode ene-high current futhi i-luster yensimbi igaywe yi-Angle grinder. Ngokuvamile, izici zokuphonsa zingasuswa nge- 2.3. Shisisa izingxenye ezinesici
I-Carbon steel kanye ne-austenitic stainless steel castings, lapho indawo yengxenye yokulungisa i-welding ingaphansi kuka-65cm2, ukujula kungaphansi kuka-20% noma u-25mm wobukhulu bokubunjwa, ngokuvamile akudingi ukushisa kwangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, i-ZG15Cr1Mo1V, i-ZGCr5Mo nezinye izinsimbi ze-pearlitic zensimbi kufanele zishiswe ngaphambili ekushiseni okungama-200 ~ 400℃ (lungisa i-welding nge-electrode yensimbi engagqwali, izinga lokushisa lincane) futhi isikhathi sokubamba akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwama-60min ngenxa yokuthambekela okuphezulu kokuqina. yensimbi nokuqhekeka kalula kokushisela okubandayo. Okufana nokusakazwa akukwazi ukushisisa ngokuphelele, i-oxygen etholakalayo - i-acetylene endaweni enesici futhi inwebe ngo-20 mm ngemuva kokushisisa ibe ngu-300-350 ℃ (i-micro back visual observation in the dark red), isibhamu esikhulu sokusika ithoshi elingathathi hlangothi okokuqala ngqa ngokuzungeza isici futhi okuzungezile kuyindilinga imizuzu embalwa, bese uhamba kancane kancane imizuzu engu-10 (kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besici), yenza izingxenye ezinesici ngokugcwele ngemva kokushisa, gcwalisa ngokushesha i-Welding.
3.2. Ukwelashwa nge-electrode
Ngaphambi kokulungisa ukushisela, kufanele uqale uhlole ukuthi i-electrode ishisiwe yini, ngokuvamile i-electrode kufanele ibe ngu-150 ~ 250℃ omiswe ngu-1H. I-electrode eshisiwe kufanele ifakwe ebhokisini lokufaka, ukuze isetshenziswe njengoba kudingeka. I-electrode ishisa izikhathi ezingu-3 ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uma ukugqoka endaweni ye-electrode kuwa, ukuqhekeka nokugqwala, akufanele kusetshenziswe.
3.3. Lungisa izikhathi zokushisela
Ukuze uthole ukukhishwa okuvalekile, okufana ne-valve shell seepage ngemva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, ingxenye efanayo ngokuvamile ivunyelwe ukulungiswa kanye kuphela, futhi ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngoba ukushisela ukulungisa okuphindaphindiwe kuzokwenza okusanhlamvu kwensimbi kube mahhadla, okuthinta impahla ethwalayo yokuphonsa, ngaphandle uma ukulingisa kungaphathwa ngokushisa futhi ngemva kokushisela. Ukulungisa i-welding yengxenye efanayo ngaphandle kokucindezela ngeke kudlule izikhathi ezingu-3. I-Carbon steel castings elungiswe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili engxenyeni efanayo izophathwa ukuze kuqedwe ingcindezi ngemva kokushisela.
3.4. Lungisa ukuphakama kwesendlalelo sokushisela
Ukuphakama kwe-welding yokulungisa ngokuvamile kuphakeme ngo-2mm kunendiza yokuphonsa, elungele ukwenziwa ngomshini. Lungisa isendlalelo sokushisela siphansi kakhulu, kulula ukubonisa isibazi sokushisela ngemva komshini. Lungisa isendlalelo sokushisela siphezulu kakhulu, kudla isikhathi futhi sisebenza kanzima
4, ukulungisa Welding ngemva kokwelashwa
4.1. I-welding yokulungisa ebalulekile
Ku-ASTMA217/A217M-2007, ukubunjwa okuvuzayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic, ukubunjwa okunendawo yokulungisa yokushisela> 65cm2, ukubunjwa ngokujula> 20% wokujiya odongeni noma 25mm kubhekwa njengokushisela okubalulekile kokulungisa. KUPHAKAMISA NGEZINGA LE-A217 UKUTHI UKUSUSWA KWESIQINISEKO NOMA UKUSHISELELA KABUSHA KUFANELE KWENZIWE, FUTHI UKUSUSWA LOKO OKUQINISEKILE NOMA UKUSHISA KABUSHA OKUPHELELE KUFANELE KWENZIWE NGENDLELA EQINISEKILE NEFUTHIWE NGENXA YEBHAYIBHELI, okungukuthi, ukushiselwa komoya okubalulekile, kufanele kufakwe kabusha. Ngokuya nge-ASTMA352/A352M2006, ukukhululeka kwengcindezi noma ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushisela okukhulu kokulungisa kuyimpoqo. Esimeni esihambisanayo semboni yaseShayina i-JB/T5263-2005 ye-A217/A217M, ukushisela okubalulekile kokulungisa kuchazwa “njengesici esibi kakhulu”. Kodwa empeleni, ngaphezu kwe-cast blank kungenziwa kabusha ukwelashwa kabusha, amaphutha amaningi avame ukutholakala ekuqedeni inqubo, ayikwazi ukuphathwa ukushisa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza, kuvame ukuxazululwa ngendlela ephumelelayo esizeni ngumshiseli onolwazi onesitifiketi sokushisela isitsha sokucindezela.
4.2. Susa ukucindezeleka
Amaphutha atholwe ngemuva kokuqeda ukulungisa ukushisela, ayikwazanga ukwenza ukwelashwa kokupholisa ukucindezeleka okuphelele, ngokuvamile ingasebenzisa ingxenye ye-oksijeni-acetylene flame yendawo yokufudumeza ukushisa kwendawo. Ithoshi elikhulu lokusika lisetshenziselwa ukusunduza kancane ilangabi elingathathi hlangothi liye phambili naphambili, futhi ukusakaza kuyashiswa kuze kube yilapho ubuso bubonakala bubomvu ngokubonakalayo (cishe 740 ℃), futhi ukusakaza kugcinwa kufudumele (2min/mm, kodwa kungabi ngaphansi kuka-30min. ). Ukukhubazeka kuzombozwa ngamaphaneli e-asbestos ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa kokukhululeka kokucindezeleka. Pearlitic steel valve ububanzi amaphutha, ukulungisa Welding kufanele futhi kugcwaliswe ububanzi ipuleti asbestos, ukuze ukupholisa kancane. Lokhu kusebenza kulula futhi ukonga, kodwa kudinga ukuthi umshiseli abe nolwazi oluthile olusebenzayo.
Insimbi engagqwali castings ngokuvamile awalashwa ngemva ukukhanda Welding, kodwa kufanele ashiselwe endaweni umoya, ukuze indawo yokulungisa Welding ngokushesha kubanda. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuboniswe ukuthi isakhiwo se-austenitic sishintshiwe ngemva kokukhanda ukushisela, noma kuyisici esibi kakhulu. Njengoba inkontileka nemibandela ivuma, ukwelashwa kwesixazululo esiqinile kuzokwenziwa kabusha. I-Carbon STEEL CASTINGS NEZINDAWO EZINKULU KANYE EZILILE kanye nokusakazwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-pearLITE esiteji sokuhlanza i-casting kanye nemishini enzima, kodwa ngesibonelelo sokuqeda, kufanele kuphathwe ngokuqeda ukucindezeleka ngemva kokukhanda ukushisela. Izinga lokushisa le-Carbon steel lingasethwa libe ngu-600 ~ 650℃,ZG15Cr1Mo1V kanye ne-ZGCr5Mo tempering lokushisa lingasethwa libe ngu-700 ~ 740℃,ZG35CrMo lokushisa lokushisa lisethwe njengo-500 ~ 550℃. Kukho konke ukusakaza kwensimbi, isikhathi esibamba ukushisa sokunciphisa ingcindezi asikho ngaphansi kuka-120min, futhi ukusakaza kukhishwa lapho isithando somlilo siphola sibe ngaphansi kuka-100℃.
4.3 Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi
Mayelana "nokukhubazeka okukhulu" kanye "nokulungisa ukushisela okukhulu" kokusakazwa kwama-valve, i-ASTMA217A217M-2007 ihlinzeka ngokuthi uma ukukhiqizwa kokulingisa kuhlangabezana nezinhlinzeko ze-S4(Ukuhlolwa kwe-Magnetic Particle Inspection) Izidingo ezingeziwe, ukushisela ukulungisa kuzohlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe okufanayo. izinga lekhwalithi njengalelo lokulingisa. Uma ukubunjwa kukhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezengeziwe ze-S5 (ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic), umjovo ofanayo nowokuhlolwa kokubunjwa uzosetshenziselwa ukuvuza kokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic kokuphonswa, noma ukulungisa ukushisela kwanoma yikuphi ukuphonsa okujula komgodi. idlula u-20% wobukhulu bodonga noma u-1in1(25mm) kanye nokulungisa ukushisela noma yikuphi ukulingisa indawo yayo yomgodi ingaphezu kuka-10in2(65cm2) Ukuhlolwa komugqa kuyenziwa. I-JB/T5263-2005 ejwayelekile ibeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ray noma i-ultrasonic kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokulungisa ukushisela kokukhubazeka okukhulu. Okungukuthi, ukukhubazeka esindayo futhi ezibalulekile ukukhanda Welding, kumele kube ngempumelelo nondostructive ukuhlolwa, wafakazelwa abaqeqeshiwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
4.4. Ukuhlolwa kwebanga
Ngokuqondene nebanga lombiko wesici sokuhlola ongonakalisi wendawo yokulungisa i-welding, i-JB/T3595-2002 ibeka ukuthi i-valve groove kanye nengxenye yokulungisa ukushisela kwezingxenye zensimbi eyinsimbi ye-valve yesiteshi samandla kufanele ihlolwe ngokusho kwe-GB/T5677-1985, futhi leli banga lifanelekile. I-valve butt weld izohlolwa ngokuya nge-GB/T3323-1987, iBanga lesi-2 eliqeqeshiwe. I-JB/T644-2008 futhi inikeza izinhlinzeko ezicacile zokuba khona kwamabanga amabili ahlukene amaphutha ekulingiseni ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma kunezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zokukhubazeka ezinamamaki ahlukene endaweni yokuhlola, ibanga eliphansi libhekwa njengebanga lokuhlola eliphelele. Uma kunezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zeziphambeko ezinebanga elifanayo, ibanga eliphelele lizoncishiswa ileveli eyodwa.
Ukufakwa kwe-slag, ukungaxubeki nokungangeni kweziphambeko endaweni yokulungisa i-welding, i-JB/T6440-2008 ibeka ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-slag kweziphambeko zokuphonsa kungahlolwa, futhi ukuqina kokukhubazeka endaweni yokulungisa i-welding kungabhekwa njenge-porosity. ukuhlolwa kokulimala kokuphonsa.
Inkontileka yoku-oda yama-valve ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza ayiliphawuli izinga lokukhishwa kwama-valve, ingasaphathwa eyezinga lokufaneleka ngemva kokulungiswa nokushiselwa kweziphambeko kwinkontileka, okuvame ukuletha ukungqubuzana okuningi ekukhiqizeni, ekuhlolweni nasekudayiseni ama-valve. Ngokwezinga langempela lekhwalithi yokusakazwa kwensimbi e-China kanye neminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho, ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi izinga lokuhlola indawo yokushisela akufanele libe ngaphansi kwezinga 3 le-GB/T5677-1985, okuyizinga ⅲ le-ASMEE446b. ejwayelekile. Amagobolondo aphethe izingxenye zamavalvu ensimbi esakazwayo namavalvu ensimbi anomfutho ophezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zamapayipi amelana ne-asidi ngokuvamile kufanele ahlangabezane ne-ASMEE446b ⅱ noma ngaphezulu kwamazinga. IMIPHUMELA YOKUHLOLWA KWE-RADIOGRAPHIC IKHOMBISA UKUTHI ENDAWENI EYIPHUMELELE ELUNGISWA NGOKUHAMBISANA NEZINQUBO ezijwayelekile kanye nokucaciswa kwayo, amaphutha akhiqizwa inqubo yokumboza mancane kakhulu futhi asezingeni eliphakeme kunomfanekiso ngokwawo. Ngamafuphi, ukulungisa i-welding njengengxenye yenqubo yokukhiqiza akufanele kuthathwe kalula.
4.5. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina
Nakuba indawo yokulungisa i-welding ifaneleka ngokuhlola okungabhubhisi, kodwa uma kudingeka imishini, ubulukhuni bendawo yokulungisa i-welding kufanele buhlolwe futhi, okubuye kube ukuhlolwa komphumela wokuqeda ukucindezeleka. Uma izinga lokushisa lokushisa linganele, noma isikhathi singanele, kuzokwenza ukuthi indawo yokushisela yamandla ensimbi ye-fusion iphezulu, i-plasticity empofu, indawo ye-welding machining izoba nzima kakhulu, kulula ukuholela ekuweni kwethuluzi. Izakhiwo zensimbi eyisisekelo kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe azihambisani, futhi kulula ukubangela ukugxila kwengcindezi yendawo kanye nomkhondo osobala wokulungisa ukuhlanganisa inguquko yokushisela. Ngakho-ke, indawo eyenziwe kabusha idinga ukukhonjwa futhi ihlolwe ngamavelu okuqina. Indawo yokulungisa yokushisela yayigaywe ngobumnene ngomshini wokugaya ophethwe ngesandla, futhi amaphuzu amathathu ashaywe umhloli wokuqina wokuqina weBrinell. Inani lobunzima bendawo yokulungisa i-welding liqhathaniswa nenani lobunzima bensimbi ekhonjiwe ngokwayo. Uma amanani obulukhuni bezifunda ezimbili afana, kubonisa ukuthi ukushisa kwe-oxygen-acetylene kuyimpumelelo. Uma inani lobunzima bendawo yokulungisa i-welding lingaphezu kuka-20 ubulukhuni bensimbi ekhonjiwe, kunconywa ukuba usebenze kabusha kuze kube yilapho ubunzima buseduze nesisekelo sensimbi. Ukuqina kwensimbi ecindezelwayo ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa kuvame ukuklanywa ukuthi kube ngu-160 ~ 200HB. Ukuqina okuphansi kakhulu noma okuphezulu kakhulu akuhambisani nomsebenzi womshini. Ukuqina kwendawo yokulungisa i-welding kuphezulu kakhulu, okuzokwenza i-plasticity yayo yehle futhi inciphise ukusebenza kokuphepha komthamo wokuthwala igobolondo le-valve.
5, isiphetho
I-welding yokulungisa yesayensi yokulimala kokusakazwa kwensimbi kuwubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela bokukhiqiza kabusha okonga amandla. NGOSIZO lwezindlela zokuhlola zesimanje, ukuqaliswa okusha okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono kufanele kwenziwe kumathuluzi okushisela, izinto zokushisela, izisebenzi nobuchwepheshe, ukuze kuqashelwe ngempela ukuhlanganiswa kokukhiqiza nokugcinwa.