Mavavu osindikizira pamwamba pazinthu zowotcherera ma valve amawonongeka momwe angathanirane nazo

Mavavu osindikizira pamwamba pazinthu zowotcherera ma valve amawonongeka momwe angathanirane nazo

Valve kusindikiza pamwamba ndiye chinsinsi chogwirira ntchito cha valavu, kusindikiza pamwamba kumagwirizana ndi moyo wautumiki wa valavu, nthawi zambiri kusindikiza zakuthupi kuti ziganizire kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa abrasion, kukana kukokoloka, kukana kwa okosijeni ndi zinthu zina. Kawirikawiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zipangizo zofewa, zosindikizira zolimba.
Valve kusindikiza pamwamba ndiye chinsinsi chogwirira ntchito cha valavu, kusindikiza pamwamba kumagwirizana ndi moyo wautumiki wa valavu, nthawi zambiri kusindikiza zakuthupi kuti ziganizire kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa abrasion, kukana kukokoloka, kukana kwa okosijeni ndi zinthu zina.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala magulu awiri akulu:
(1) Zinthu zofewa
1, labala (kuphatikiza mphira wa butadiene, labala wa fluorine, etc.)
2, pulasitiki (PTFE, nayiloni, etc.)
(2) zomangira zolimba
1, aloyi yamkuwa (kwa valve low pressure)
2, chromium chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (cha valve yamphamvu kwambiri)
3, Sitai alloy (kwa kutentha kwambiri ndi ma valve othamanga kwambiri ndi mavavu amphamvu owononga)
4. Nickel base alloy (ya corrosive media)
Gome losankhira zakuthupi la vavu
Vavu kusindikiza pamwamba zinthu ntchito kutentha / ℃ kuuma ntchito sing'anga mkuwa valavu kusindikiza pamwamba -273 ~ 232 madzi, nyanja madzi, mpweya, mpweya, ano zimalimbikitsa nthunzi 316L valavu kusindikiza pamwamba -268 ~ 31614HRC nthunzi, madzi, mafuta, gasi, liquefied mpweya, ndi dzimbiri pang'ono pang'ono ndipo palibe kukokoloka kwa sing'anga 17-4PH valavu yosindikiza pamwamba -40 ~ 40040 ~ 45HRC yokhala ndi zowononga pang'ono koma zowononga media Cr13 valavu yosindikiza nkhope -101 ~ 40037 ~ 42HRC yokhala ndi zowononga pang'ono koma zowononga valavu - valavu 6 ~ 65040 ~ 45HRC (kutentha kwachipinda)
38HRC (650 ° C) yokhala ndi zowononga komanso zowononga media Monel aloyi KS valavu yosindikiza pamwamba -240 ~ 48227 ~ 35HRC
30 ~ 38HRC zamchere, mchere, chakudya, njira ya asidi popanda mpweya, ndi zina. Hasloy CB valve yosindikiza pamwamba 371
Mtengo wa 53814HRC
23HRC Corrosive mineral acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chonyowa hydrochloric acid mpweya, chloric acid free solution, amphamvu makutidwe ndi okosijeni sing'anga No. 20 aloyi kusindikiza pamwamba -45.6 ~ 316
-253 ~ 427 oxidizing sing'anga ndi woipa osiyanasiyana sulfuric acid
Momwe mungathanirane ndi zovuta zowotcherera ma valve
1, mwachidule za
Pakati pa ma valve opanikizika m'mapaipi a mafakitale, ma valve oponyedwa zitsulo ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wachuma komanso kapangidwe kake kosinthika. Komabe, chifukwa cha zopinga za kukula kwa kuponyera, makulidwe a khoma, nyengo, zopangira ndi ntchito yomanga, kuponya zolakwika monga trachholes, pores, ming'alu, shrinkage porosity, shrinkage mabowo ndi inclusions zikhoza kuchitika, makamaka mu aloyi zitsulo castings ndi mchenga kuponyera. Chifukwa zinthu zambiri alloying mu zitsulo, poipa kwambiri fluidity wa zitsulo zamadzimadzi, kuponyera zilema ndi zambiri zimachitika. Choncho, tsankho lachilema ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zowotcherera zomveka, zachuma, zothandiza komanso zodalirika pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti valavu yowotcherera ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za khalidwe lakhala lodziwikiratu pokonza ma valve otentha ndi ozizira. Pepalali likuwonetsa njira zowotcherera zokonzera komanso zokumana nazo zingapo zopumira zachitsulo (electrode imayimiridwa ndi mtundu wakale).
2. Chithandizo cha vuto
2.1 Chidziwitso chabodza
Mu PRODUCTION PRACTICE, ZINTHU ZINA ZOPHUNZITSIRA ZOSAVUTA SIKUloledwa kukonza kuwotcherera, monga ming'alu yolowera, zolakwika zolowera (kupyolera pansi), ma pores a uchi, osatha mchenga ndi slag ndi kuchepa kwa malo oposa 65 square centimeters, komanso zina zazikulu zolakwika zimene sangathe anakonza kuwotcherera anagwirizana mu mgwirizano. Mtundu wa chilema udziwike musanayambe kukonza kuwotcherera.
2.2. Kuchotsa chilema
M'mafakitale, carbon arc air gouging itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zolakwika zoponya, ndiyeno chopukusira chamanja cha Angle grinder chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta mbali zolakwika mpaka chitsulo chonyezimira chikuwonekera. Koma muzochita zopangira, zolakwikazo zimachotsedwa mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito electrode ya carbon steel yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zamakono ndipo zitsulo zonyezimira zimayikidwa pansi ndi chopukusira cha Angle. Nthawi zambiri, zolakwika zoponyera zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi 2.3. Preheat mbali zolakwika
Mpweya wachitsulo ndi austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri castings, kumene dera la kukonza kuwotcherera gawo ndi zosakwana 65cm2, kuya ndi zosakwana 20% kapena 25mm makulidwe a kuponyera, zambiri safuna preheating. Komabe, ZG15Cr1Mo1V, ZGCr5Mo ndi zina pearlitic castings zitsulo ayenera preheated pa kutentha kwa 200 ~ 400 ℃ (kukonza kuwotcherera ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri elekitirodi, kutentha ndi yaing'ono) ndi atagwira nthawi sayenera zosakwana 60min chifukwa mkulu kuumitsa chizolowezi. zachitsulo komanso kusweka kosavuta kwa kuwotcherera kozizira. Monga ngati kuponyera sikungathe kutenthedwa, mpweya wopezeka - acetylene m'dera lachilema ndikukulitsa 20 mm mutatha kutenthedwa mpaka 300-350 ℃ (zowoneka pang'ono kumbuyo mumdima wofiira), mfuti yayikulu yodulira nyali yopanda ndale, yomwe imayamba kugwedezeka mwachangu mu chilemacho. zozungulira ndi zozungulira kwa mphindi zingapo, ndiyeno kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi 10 (malingana ndi makulidwe a chilema), pangani mbali zolakwika mokwanira mutatha kutentha, mudzaze mwamsanga Kuwotcherera.
3.2. Chithandizo cha electrode
Pamaso kukonza kuwotcherera, ayenera choyamba kufufuza ngati elekitirodi preheated, zambiri elekitirodi ayenera kukhala 150 ~ 250 ℃ kuyanika 1H. Electrode yotenthedwa iyenera kuyikidwa mu bokosi lotsekera, kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pakufunika. Elekitirodi ndi preheated 3 mobwerezabwereza. Ngati ❖ kuyanika pa electrode pamwamba kugwa, ming'alu ndi dzimbiri, sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
3.3. Konzani nthawi zowotcherera
Kwa castings otsekeredwa, monga valavu chipolopolo seepage pambuyo pa kukakamizidwa kuyesedwa, gawo lomwelo nthawi zambiri amaloledwa kukonzedwa kamodzi kokha, ndipo sangathe kukonzedwa mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa kuwotcherera mobwerezabwereza kumapangitsa kuti chitsulo njere coarse, okhudza kubala katundu wa kuponyera, pokhapokha kuponyera kungatenthedwenso pambuyo pa kuwotcherera. Kukonza kuwotcherera kwa gawo lomwelo popanda kukakamizidwa zisapitirire 3 zina. Zopangira zitsulo za kaboni zokonzedwa kwanthawi yopitilira kawiri mu gawo lomwelo ziyenera kuthandizidwa kuti zithetse nkhawa pambuyo pakuwotcherera.
3.4. Konzani kutalika kwa wosanjikiza wowotcherera
Kukonza kuwotcherera kutalika kwa kuponyera kumakhala pafupifupi 2mm kuposa ndege yoponyera, yomwe ndi yabwino kwa makina. Kukonza kuwotcherera wosanjikiza ndi otsika kwambiri, zosavuta kusonyeza kuwotcherera chipsera pambuyo Machining. Kukonza zitsulo zosanjikiza ndizokwera kwambiri, zimawononga nthawi komanso zida zolemetsa
4, kukonza kuwotcherera pambuyo mankhwala
4.1. Zofunika kukonza kuwotcherera
Mu ASTMA217/A217M-2007, castings ndi kutayikira pa hayidiroliki mayeso, castings ndi kukonza kuwotcherera malo> 65cm2, castings ndi kuya> 20% kuponya khoma makulidwe kapena 25mm amaonedwa ngati zofunika kukonza kuwotcherera. AKUFUNIDWA MU A217 STANDARD KUTI KUCHOTSA NTCHITO KAPENA KUBWERETSA NTCHITO KOMANSO KUCHITIKA, NDIPO KUCHOTSA NTCHITO CHOKOCHO KAPENA KUWWIRITSA NTCHITO KWAMBIRI KUYENERA KUCHITIKA MU NJIRA YOPHUNZITSIDWA NDI YOYENERA KUCHITIKA NDI NJIRA YOPHUNZITSIDWA NDI YOPHUNZITSIRA, ndiko kuti, kuwotcherera mpweya wofunikira kuyenera kukonzedwanso. Malinga ndi ASTMA352/A352M2006, kuchepetsa nkhawa kapena chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pakuwotcherera kwakukulu ndikofunikira. Mu lolingana Chinese makampani muyezo JB/T5263-2005 wa A217/A217M, zofunika kukonza kuwotcherera limatanthauzidwa ngati "chilema chachikulu". Koma Ndipotu, kuwonjezera kuponya akusowekapo akhoza kwathunthu reheated mankhwala, ambiri zofooka zambiri amapezeka pomaliza ndondomeko, sangathe kwathunthu kutentha mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, muzochita zopanga, nthawi zambiri zimathetsedwa bwino pamalopo ndi wowotcherera wodziwa bwino yemwe ali ndi satifiketi yowotcherera chotengera chokakamiza.
4.2. Chotsani kupsinjika
Zowonongeka zomwe zidapezeka pambuyo pomaliza kukonza kuwotcherera, zalephera kuchitapo kanthu pakuchepetsa kupsinjika, nthawi zambiri zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la oxygen-acetylene lawi lamoto lakutentha komweko. Nyali yayikulu yodulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha pang'onopang'ono lawi lamoto mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, ndipo kuponyerako kumatenthedwa mpaka pamwamba pakuwoneka ngati mdima wofiira (pafupifupi 740 ℃), ndipo kuponyera kumatenthedwa (2min/mm, koma osachepera 30min). ). Zowonongekazo ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mapanelo a asibesitosi atangolandira chithandizo chamankhwala. Pearlitic zitsulo valavu m'mimba mwake zolakwika, kukonza kuwotcherera ayenera kudzazidwa ndi awiri a mbale asibesitosi, kuti pang'onopang'ono kuzirala. Ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, koma imafuna wowotcherayo kuti akhale ndi chidziwitso chothandiza.
Zosapanga dzimbiri castings zitsulo zambiri si ankachitira pambuyo kukonza kuwotcherera, koma ayenera welded mu mpweya mpweya, kuti kukonza kuwotcherera m'dera mwamsanga ozizira. Pokhapokha ngati zikuwonetsedwa kuti mawonekedwe a austenitic asinthidwa pambuyo pakuwotcherera, kapena ndi vuto lalikulu. Monga mgwirizano ndi zikhalidwe ziloleza, chithandizo cholimba cha yankho chidzakonzedwanso. ZOCHITIKA ZAMBIRI ZONSE ZOTSATIRA NDI madera akuluakulu komanso ozama komanso ma pearLITE osiyanasiyana pagawo loyeretsera komanso popanga makina ovuta, koma pomaliza, kuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi kuthetsa kupsinjika mutatha kukonza kuwotcherera. Mpweya zitsulo nkhawa mpumulo kutentha kutentha akhoza kukhala 600 ~ 650 ℃, ZG15Cr1Mo1V ndi ZGCr5Mo tempering kutentha akhoza kukhazikitsidwa monga 700 ~ 740 ℃, ZG35CrMo tempering kutentha ndi monga 500 ~ 550 ℃. Pazitsulo zonse zachitsulo, kutentha komwe kumakhala nthawi yochepetsera kupanikizika sikuchepera 120min, ndipo zoponyera zimatulutsidwa pamene ng'anjo ikuzizira mpaka 100 ℃.
4.3 Kuyesa kosawononga
Kwa "zowonongeka zazikulu" ndi "kuwotcherera kwakukulu" kwa ma valve castings, ASTMA217A217M-2007 imapereka kuti ngati kuponyedwa kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za S4 (Magnetic Particle Inspection) zofunikira zowonjezera, kuwotcherera kukonzanso kudzayang'aniridwa ndi maginito oyendera maginito omwewo. Quality muyezo ngati wa kuponya. Ngati kuponyera kumapangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zowonjezera za S5 (kuwunika kwa radiographic), jekeseni yemweyo monga kuyang'anira kuponyera kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kutayikira kwa hydraulic kuyesa, kapena kukonza kuwotcherera kwa kuponyera kulikonse komwe kuya kwa dzenje. kupitirira 20% ya makulidwe a khoma kapena 1in1 (25mm) ndi kuwotcherera kukonzanso kwa kuponyera kulikonse komwe dzenje laling'ono ndi lalikulu kuposa 10in2 (65cm2) Kuwunika kwa mzere kumachitika. JB/T5263-2005 muyezo limati ray kapena akupanga anayendera ayenera kuchitidwa pambuyo kukonza kuwotcherera zolemetsa katundu. Ndiko kuti, zilema zolemetsa ndi zofunika kukonza kuwotcherera, ayenera kukhala ogwira nondestructive anayendera, anatsimikizira oyenerera pamaso ntchito.
4.4. Kuwunika kwa kalasi
Ponena za lipoti lopanda kuwonongeka kosawonongeka kwa malo okonzera kuwotcherera, JB/T3595-2002 imati poyambira valavu ndi kukonzanso gawo lazitsulo zazitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi ziyenera kuyesedwa molingana ndi GB/T5677-1985, ndi girediyo ndi yoyenerera. Valve butt weld idzawunikidwa malinga ndi GB/T3323-1987, Grade 2 oyenerera. JB/T644-2008 imaperekanso makonzedwe omveka bwino a kukhalapo kwa magiredi awiri osiyana a zolakwika pakuponya nthawi imodzi. Pamene pali mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo ya zolakwika zomwe zili ndi magiredi osiyanasiyana pagawo lowunika, giredi yotsikitsitsa imatengedwa ngati kalasi yowunikira. Pamene pali mitundu iwiri kapena yochulukirapo ya zolakwika zomwe zili ndi kalasi imodzi, kalasi yonse idzachepetsedwa ndi mlingo umodzi.
Kuphatikizika kwa slag, kusaphatikizika komanso kusalowa kwa zolakwika pakuwongolera kuwotcherera, JB/T6440-2008 imanena kuti kuphatikizika kwa slag kukhoza kuyesedwa, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa zolakwika pakukonza zowotcherera kumatha kuwonedwa ngati porosity. kuzindikira zolakwika za kutaya.
Mgwirizano wolamula wa mavavu pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito sizimayika kalasi ya ma valve oponyera, osatengera kalasi yoyenerera pambuyo pa kukonza ndi kuwotcherera zolakwika mu mgwirizano, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zotsutsana zambiri pakupanga, kuyang'anira ndi kugulitsa mavavu. Malinga ndi mlingo weniweni wa zitsulo castings ku China ndi zaka zambiri, amakhulupirira kuti kalasi ya kukonza kuwotcherera kuwunika sayenera kukhala m'munsi kuposa mlingo 3 wa GB/T5677-1985, ndicho mlingo ⅲ wa ASMEE446b. muyezo. Zigawo zokhala ndi zipolopolo za mavavu achitsulo choponyedwa ndi mavavu achitsulo oponderezedwa kwambiri pansi pa mipope yosamva asidi nthawi zambiri amayenera kukwaniritsa ASMEE446b ⅱ kapena kupitilira muyeso. ZOTSATIRA ZA KUYESA KWA RADIOGRAPHIC ZIKUONETSA KUTI M'MALO OCHITIKA WOKONZEDWA MOGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOYENERA NDI ZINTHU ZONSE, zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwa popanga cladding ndizocheperako komanso zapamwamba kuposa kuponya komweko. Mwachidule, kukonza kuwotcherera monga gawo la kupanga sikuyenera kutengedwa mopepuka.
4.5. Mayeso olimba
Ngakhale malo okonzera kuwotcherera akuyenerera ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kosawonongeka, koma ngati makina akufunikira, kuuma kwa malo okonzera kuwotcherera kuyenera kufufuzidwanso, komwe kumayang'ananso zotsatira za kuthetsa nkhawa. Ngati tempering kutentha sikokwanira, kapena nthawi sikokwanira, zidzachititsa kuwotcherera m`dera maphatikizidwe zitsulo mphamvu ndi mkulu, osauka plasticity, Machining kuwotcherera m`dera adzakhala ovuta kwambiri, zosavuta kutsogolera chida kugwa. Makhalidwe a zitsulo zoyambira ndi zitsulo zosungunula sizogwirizana, ndipo ndizosavuta kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwanuko komanso njira yodziwikiratu yokonza mphambano yosinthira kuwotcherera. Choncho, malo opangidwanso ayenera kudziwika ndi kuyesedwa ndi mfundo zolimba. Malo okonzera kuwotcherera adaphwanyidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi chopukusira chamanja, ndipo mfundo zitatuzo zidagundidwa ndi choyesa cholimba cha Brinell. Kuuma kwa malo okonzera kuwotcherera kunafanizidwa ndi kuuma kwa mtengo wachitsulo wokha. Ngati kuuma kwa madera awiriwa kuli kofanana, zikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa oxygen-acetylene ndikopambana. Ngati mtengo wa kuuma kwa malo okonzera kuwotcherera ndi oposa 20 kuuma kwa chitsulo choponyedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzanso mpaka kuuma kuli pafupi ndi zitsulo zoyambira. Kuuma kwa chitsulo choponderezedwa pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa kukhala 160 ~ 200HB. Kutsika kwambiri kapena kulimba kwambiri sikuthandiza kuti makina azigwira ntchito. Kuuma kwa malo okonzera kuwotcherera ndikokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulasitiki yake ikhale yochepa komanso kuchepetsa chitetezo cha chipolopolo cha valve.
5, mapeto
The sayansi kukonza kuwotcherera zitsulo kuponyera zolakwika ndi mphamvu zopulumutsa remanufacturing uinjiniya luso. NDI THANDIZO LA njira zamakono zoyesera, kusinthika kosalekeza ndi kuwongolera kuyenera kupangidwa pazida zowotcherera, zida zowotcherera, ogwira ntchito ndiukadaulo, kuti athe kuzindikira kuphatikizika kwa kupanga ndi kukonza.