Ivalve yokutywina umphezulu wesixhobo sokuwelda ivalvu iziphene kwindlela yokujongana nayo

Ivalve yokutywina umphezulu wesixhobo sokuwelda ivalvu iziphene kwindlela yokujongana nayo

Umphezulu wokutywina wevalve ngumsebenzi ophambili wevalve, umgangatho wokutywina womphezulu unxulumene nobomi benkonzo yevalve, ngokuqhelekileyo ukutywina izinto ezingaphezulu ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion, ukumelana nokhukuliseko, ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulahlulwe ngamacandelo amabini: izinto ezithambileyo, izinto zokutywina ezinzima.
Umphezulu wokutywina wevalve ngumsebenzi ophambili wevalve, umgangatho wokutywina womphezulu unxulumene nobomi benkonzo yevalve, ngokuqhelekileyo ukutywina izinto ezingaphezulu ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion, ukumelana nokhukuliseko, ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye nezinye izinto.
Kudla ngokubakho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
(1) Izinto ezithambileyo
I-1, irabha (kubandakanya irabha yebutadiene, irabha enefluorine, njl.njl.)
2, iplastiki (PTFE, nayiloni, njl.)
(2) izinto zokutywina eziqinileyo
I-1, i-alloy yobhedu (yevalve yoxinzelelo oluphantsi)
2, intsimbi yechromium (yevalve eqhelekileyo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu)
I-3, i-Sitai alloy (yeqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye ne-valve yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-corrosion valves eyomeleleyo)
4. I-nickel base alloy (yeendaba ezidlekayo)
Itheyibhile yokukhetha umphezulu wesixhobo sokutywina ivalve
Isixhobo sokutywina somgangatho wevalve kusetyenziswa ubushushu / ℃ ukuqina okusebenzayo okuphakathi kwevalve yobhedu -273 ~ 232 amanzi, amanzi olwandle, umoya, ioksijini, umphunga ogcweleyo 316L umphezulu wokutywina wevalve -268 ~ 31614HRC umphunga, amanzi, i-oyile, igesi, igesi enyibilikisiweyo, kunye enye i-corrosion encinci kwaye akukho khukuliseko oluphakathi lwe-17-4PH ivalve yokutywinwa komphezulu -40 ~ 40040 ~ 45HRC ene-corrosion kancinane kodwa imithombo yeendaba etyholayo I-Cr13 ivalve yokutywina ubuso -101 ~ 40037 ~ 42HRC ene-corrory kancinane kodwa ivalve edlayo68 ivalufa ye-stalli ye-facelloy2 ~65040 ~ 45HRC (ubushushu begumbi)
I-38HRC (650 ° C) enemithombo yeendaba ezidlayo nezidlayo.
30 ~ 38HRC ialkali, ityuwa, ukutya, isisombululo se-asidi ngaphandle komoya, njl njl.
53814HRC
I-23HRC I-Corrosive mineral acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, igesi ye-hydrochloric acid emanzi, isisombululo esikhululekile se-chloric acid, i-oxidation medium eyomeleleyo No.
-253 ~ 427 i-oxidizing medium kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-asidi ye-sulfuric
Indlela yokujongana neziphene ze-valve welding
1, isishwankathelo se
Phakathi kweevalve zoxinzelelo kwimibhobho yoshishino, iivalve zentsimbi ezityhidiweyo zithandwa ngeendleko zabo zoqoqosho kunye noyilo oluguquguqukayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kobungakanani bokuphosa, ubukhulu bodonga, imozulu, izinto eziluhlaza kunye nemisebenzi yokwakha, ukuphosa iziphene ezifana ne-trachholes, iipores, ii-cracks, i-shrinkage porosity, imingxuma yokuncipha kunye nokubandakanywa kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi kwi-alloy castings yensimbi enesanti. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezininzi zokudibanisa kwintsimbi, ubuninzi be-fluidity yentsimbi engamanzi, iziphene zokuphosa zinokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke. Ngoko ke, ucalucalulo lwesiphene kunye nokuqulunqwa kwenkqubo ye-welding efanelekileyo, yezoqoqosho, esebenzayo kunye nethembekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-valve yokulungisa i-welding ihlangabezana neemfuno zekhwalithi ibe yinkxalabo eqhelekileyo yokulungiswa kwevalve eshushu kunye nebandayo. Eli phepha lizisa iindlela zokulungisa i-welding kunye namava eempazamo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi yentsimbi (i-electrode imelwe yi-brand endala).
2. Unyango lwesiphene
2.1 Isiphene sokugweba
KwiNKQUBO YOKWENZIWA KWEMVELISO, EZINYE IZIPHUMO ZOKUPHOSWA AKUVUMELEKANGA ukuba zilungise i-welding, njengeentanda ezingena ngaphakathi, iziphene ezingena ngaphakathi (ngasezantsi), ii-honeycomb pores, ezingakwazi ukuyisantlabathi kunye ne-slag kunye nokuncipha kwendawo engaphezulu kwe-65 square centimeters, ngokunjalo ezinye iziphene ezinkulu ezingenakulungiswa ukuwelda ekuvunyelwene ngazo kwisivumelwano. Uhlobo lwesiphene kufuneka lubekwe phambi kokulungiswa kwe-welding.
2.2. Ukuphelisa isiphene
Kwiifektri, i-carbon arc air gouging ingasetyenziselwa ukususa iziphene zokuphosa, kwaye emva koko i-Angle grinder ebambe ngesandla ingasetyenziselwa ukupolisha iindawo ezineziphene de kube kuvele ukukhanya kwesinyithi. Kodwa kwimveliso yokuvelisa, iziphene zisuswa ngokuthe ngqo ngokusebenzisa i-carbon steel electrode kunye nephezulu yangoku kwaye i-luster yensimbi iphantsi kwe-Angle grinder. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziphene zokuphosa zingasuswa nge- 2.3. Preheat iindawo ezineziphene
I-Carbon steel kunye ne-austenitic stainless steel castings, apho indawo yokulungiswa kwe-welding inxalenye engaphantsi kwe-65cm2, ubunzulu bungaphantsi kwe-20% okanye i-25mm yobunzima bokuphosa, ngokuqhelekileyo ayifuni ukufudumala kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, i-ZG15Cr1Mo1V, i-ZGCr5Mo kunye nezinye ii-pearlitic castings zensimbi kufuneka zifudunyezwe kubushushu obungama-200 ~ 400℃ (ukulungisa i-welding nge-electrode yensimbi engenasici, iqondo lobushushu lincinci) kwaye ixesha lokubamba kufuneka lingabi ngaphantsi kwe-60min ngenxa yokuthambekela kokuqina okuphezulu. zentsimbi kunye nokuqhekeka lula welding ebandayo. Okufana nokuphosa akukwazi ukufudumeza ngokubanzi, i-oksijini ekhoyo - i-acetylene kwindawo yesiphene kwaye yandise i-20 mm emva kokufudumeza ukuya kwi-300-350 ℃ (umbono ongemva obonakalayo kumbala obomvu obomvu), i-torch enkulu yokusika i-flame gun yokuqala ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwisiphene kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo isetyhula imizuzu embalwa, kwaye emva koko ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwi-10 min (kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besiphene), yenza iindawo eziphosakeleyo ngokupheleleyo emva kokushisa, gcwalisa ngokukhawuleza i-Welding.
3.2. Unyango lwe-Electrode
Ngaphambi kokulungisa ukuwelda, kufuneka uqale ujonge ukuba i-electrode ifudunyeziwe na, ngokuqhelekileyo i-electrode kufuneka ibe yi-150 ~ 250℃ yokomisa i-1H. I-electrode eshushu ngaphambili kufuneka ifakwe kwibhokisi ye-insulation, ukwenzela ukuba isetyenziswe njengoko kufuneka. I-electrode i-preheated ngamaxesha angama-3 ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuba i-coating kwi-electrode surface iyawa, i-cracks kunye ne-rust, akufanele isetyenziswe.
3.3. Lungisa amaxesha e-welding
Ukukhutshwa okuvaliweyo, okufana ne-valve shell seepage emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo, inxalenye efanayo ivumelekile ukuba ilungiswe kanye kuphela, kwaye ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngenxa yokuba i-welding yokulungiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo iya kwenza ukuba i-grain yentsimbi ibe nzima, echaphazela ipropati yokuthwala i-casting; ngaphandle kokuba ukugaywa kungaphathwa ubushushu kwakhona emva kwe-welding. Ukulungiswa kwe-welding yecandelo elifanayo ngaphandle koxinzelelo akuyi kudlula amaxesha ama-3. I-Carbon steel castings elungiswe ngaphezu kwamaxesha amabini kwindawo enye iya kunyangwa ukupheliswa koxinzelelo emva kwe-welding.
3.4. Lungisa ukuphakama kwe-welding layer
Ukuphakama kwe-welding ye-welding ye-casting ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-2mm ephezulu kune-plane yokuphosa, ekulungele umatshini. Ukulungisa umaleko we-welding uphantsi kakhulu, kulula ukubonisa i-welding scar emva komatshini. Ukulungisa umaleko we-welding uphezulu kakhulu, kuthatha ixesha kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo
4, ukulungisa i-welding emva konyango
4.1. I-welding yokulungisa ebalulekileyo
Kwi-ASTMA217/A217M-2007, ukuphoswa ngokuvuza ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-hydraulic, ukuphoswa kwendawo yokulungisa i-welding> 65cm2, ii-castings ezinobunzulu> i-20% ye-casting wall thickness okanye i-25mm ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo yokulungisa i-welding. KUCEBISWA KUMGANGATHO A-A217 UKUBA UKUSUSWA KOXINEZELEKO OKANYE UKUFUDUMISA OKUGCWELELEYO KUFANELE KWENZEKWE, KWAYE UKUSUSWA OKUNGXINEZELEKILEYO OKANYE UKUPHINDA OKUPHELELEYO KUFANELE KWENZIWE NGENdlela EQINISEKILEYO NEFANELEKILEYO, ukuwelda kwefomula, oko kukuthi, kulungiswe inkqubo yokulungisa. Ngokutsho kwe-ASTMA352/A352M2006, ukukhululeka koxinzelelo okanye unyango lobushushu emva kokulungiswa kwe-welding enkulu kunyanzelekile. Kwi-standard yaseTshayina ehambelanayo ye-JB / T5263-2005 ye-A217 / A217M, i-welding ebalulekileyo yokulungisa i-welding ichazwa "njengesiphako esibi". Kodwa ngokwenene, ukongeza kwi-blank blank inokuthi ihlaziywe ngokupheleleyo unyango, iziphene ezininzi zihlala zifumaneka kwinkqubo yokugqiba, ayikwazi ukunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, ngokuqhelekileyo isonjululwe ngendlela esebenzayo kwisayithi ngumgcini we-welder onamava kunye nesatifikethi se-welding yesitya soxinzelelo.
4.2. Ukuphelisa uxinzelelo
Iziphene ezifunyenwe emva kokugqiba ukulungiswa kwe-welding, ayikwazanga ukwenza unyango olupheleleyo lokuphelisa uxinzelelo, ngokubanzi lunokusebenzisa inxalenye yesiphene i-oksijeni-acetylene ilangatye lokufudumala kwendawo yokufudumeza indlela. Itotshi enkulu yokusika isetyenziselwa ukujiwulisa idangatye elingathathi hlangothi emva naphambili, kwaye ukuphosa kuyafudunyezwa kude kube ubuso bubonakale bubomvu ngokubonakalayo (malunga ne-740 ℃), kwaye ukuphosa kugcinwa kushushu (2min/mm, kodwa kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-30min. ). Iziphene ziya kugqunywa ngeepaneli ze-asbestos ngokukhawuleza emva konyango lokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Pearlitic ivalve yentsimbi ububanzi iziphene, ukulungisa welding kufuneka kwakhona zizaliswe kububanzi ipleyiti asbestos, ukuze ukupholisa kade. Lo msebenzi ulula kwaye unoqoqosho, kodwa ufuna ukuba umshiseli abe namava athile asebenzayo.
Ukuphoswa kwensimbi engenasici ngokuqhelekileyo akuphathwa emva kokulungiswa kwe-welding, kodwa kufuneka kufakwe kwi-welding kwindawo yokungena umoya, ukuze indawo yokulungisa i-welding ibanda ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kokuba kubonakaliswe ukuba isakhiwo se-austenitic sitshintshiwe emva kokulungiswa kwe-welding, okanye kuyimpazamo enkulu. Njengoko isivumelwano kunye neemeko zivuma, unyango oluqinileyo lwesisombululo luya kwenziwa kwakhona. I-Carbon STEEL CASTINGS NEendawo ezinkulu kunye ne-DEEP defect kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-pearLITE zokuphonswa kwinqanaba lokucoca kunye ne-machining rough, kodwa kunye nesibonelelo sokugqiba, kufuneka siphathwe ngokupheliswa koxinzelelo emva kokulungiswa kwe-welding. Ubushushu bentsimbi yeCarbon isiqabu ubushushu bunokumiselwa njengoko 600 ~ 650℃,ZG15Cr1Mo1V kunye ZGCr5Mo ubushushu bobushushu inokumiselwa njengoko 700 ~ 740℃,ZG35CrMo tempering lobushushu ibekwe njengoko 500 ~ 550℃. Kuzo zonke iintsimbi zentsimbi, ixesha elibamba ubushushu lokunciphisa uxinzelelo alikho ngaphantsi kwe-120min, kwaye iicastings zikhululwa xa i-oven ibanda ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-100 ℃.
4.3 Uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo
"Iziphene ezinkulu" kunye "nokulungisa i-welding enkulu" ye-valve castings, i-ASTMA217A217M-2007 ibonelela ukuba ukuba imveliso yokuphosa ihlangabezana namalungiselelo e-S4 (uHlolo lweNcam yeMagnetic) Iimfuno ezongezelelweyo, ukulungiswa kwe-welding kuya kuhlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwemagnethi efanayo. umgangatho womgangatho njengalowo wokusasa. Ukuba ukuphosa kuveliswe ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezongezelelweyo ze-S5 (ukuhlolwa kweradiographic), inaliti efanayo njengoko ukuhlolwa kokuphosa kuya kusetyenziselwa ukuvuza kovavanyo lwe-hydraulic yokuphosa, okanye ukulungiswa kwe-welding yokulungiswa kwayo nayiphi na i-casting enobunzulu bomgodi. ngaphaya kwe-20% yobukhulu bodonga okanye i-1in1(25mm) kunye nokulungisa ukuwelda kwayo nayiphi na into yokuphosa enommandla womngxuma omalunga ne-10in2(65cm2) Uhlolo lwelayini luyenziwa. Umgangatho we-JB/T5263-2005 umisela ukuba i-ray okanye ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokulungiswa kwe-welding yeziphene ezinzima. Oko kukuthi, iziphene ezinzima kunye ne-welding ebalulekileyo yokulungisa, kufuneka ibe nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo okungonakalisiyo, okuqinisekisiweyo phambi kokusetyenziswa.
4.4. Uvavanyo lwebanga
Ngokubhekiselele kwibakala lengxelo engonakalisi yokuhlolwa kwesiphene kwindawo yokulungisa i-welding, i-JB/T3595-2002 ichaza ukuba i-valve groove kunye nenxalenye yokulungisa i-welding yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-valve yesitishi samandla kufuneka ihlolwe ngokwe-GB/T5677-1985, kwaye ibakala lifanelekile. I-valve butt weld iya kuvavanywa ngokwe-GB/T3323-1987, iBakala 2 lifanelekile. I-JB/T644-2008 ikwanika izibonelelo ezicacileyo malunga nobukho bamabakala amabini ahlukeneyo eziphene ekwenziweni kwamatye ngaxeshanye. Xa kukho iindidi ezimbini nangaphezulu zeziphene ezinamabanga ahlukeneyo kummandla wovavanyo, elona bakala lisezantsi lithathwa njengelona bakala lovandlakanyo lubanzi. Xa kukho iindidi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeziphene kwibakala elinye, ibakala elibanzi liya kuncitshiswa ngenqanaba elinye.
Ukufakwa kwe-slag, ukungaxutywa kunye nokungangeni kweziphene kwindawo yokulungisa i-welding, i-JB/T6440-2008 ichaza ukuba ukubandakanywa kwe-slag kweziphene zokuphosa kunokuhlolwa, kwaye i-porosity yeziphene kwindawo yokulungisa i-welding inokuthathwa njenge-porosity. ukuphononongwa kweziphene zokuphosa.
Ikhontrakthi yokuyalela iivalvu phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ngokubanzi ayiphawuli ibakala le-valve castings, singasathethi ke ibakala lesiqinisekiso emva kokulungiswa kunye nokuwelda kweziphene kwikhontrakthi, ehlala izisa ukuphikisana okuninzi kwimveliso, ukuhlolwa kunye nokuthengiswa kweevalvu. Ngokomgangatho wangempela womgangatho we-steel castings e-China kunye neminyaka emininzi yamava, ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba ibakala lokuphonononga ukulungiswa kwendawo ye-welding akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwinqanaba le-3 ye-GB / T5677-1985, okuyinqanaba ⅲ ye-ASMEE446b. umgangatho. Iqokobhe elithwele iinxalenye zeevalvu zentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye neevalvu zentsimbi ezilahlwe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu phantsi kweemeko zemibhobho ekwaziyo ukumelana neasidi kufuneka ngokubanzi ihlangabezane ne-ASMEE446b ⅱ okanye ngaphezulu kwemigangatho. IZIPHUMO ZOVIWO LWE-RADIOGRAPHIC ZIBONISA UKUBA KWINDAWO ESESIPHOSELEKILEYO ELUNGISELWE NGEENKQUBO ezisemgangathweni kunye neenkcukacha, iziphene eziveliswe kwinkqubo yokugquma zingaphantsi kwaye zikudidi oluphezulu kunolwalo ngokwalo. Ngamafutshane, ukulungiswa kwe-welding njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuvelisa akufanele kuthathwe lula.
4.5. Uvavanyo lokuqina
Nangona indawo yokulungisa i-welding ifanelekile ngokuhlolwa okungekho nto, kodwa ukuba kufuneka umatshini, ubunzima bendawo yokulungisa i-welding kufuneka buphinde buhlolwe kwakhona, nto leyo iphinda ihlolwe umphumo wokuphelisa uxinzelelo. Ukuba ubushushu ubushushu akwanelanga, okanye ixesha akwanelanga, oko kuya kubangela ukuba indawo welding of the fusion amandla metal iphezulu, iplastiki amahlwempu, machining indawo welding kuya kuba nzima kakhulu, kulula ukukhokelela ukudilika isixhobo. Iimpawu zesiseko sesinyithi kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo azihambelani, kwaye kulula ukubangela uxinzelelo lwengingqi kunye nomkhondo ocacileyo wokulungiswa kwe-welding transition junction. Ngoko ke, indawo ehlaziyiweyo kufuneka ichongwe kwaye ivavanywe ngamaxabiso obunzima. Indawo yokulungisa i-welding yayiphantsi ngobumnene kunye ne-grinder ebanjwe ngesandla, kwaye amanqaku amathathu abethelwa ngumhloli onzima we-Brinell ophathwayo. Ixabiso lobunzima bendawo yokukhanda i-welding yafaniswa nexabiso lobunzima bensimbi ephosiweyo ngokwayo. Ukuba amaxabiso obunzima bemimandla emibini ayafana, oko kubonisa ukuba i-oxygen-acetylene tempering iyimpumelelo. Ukuba ixabiso lobunzima bendawo yokulungisa i-welding ingaphezulu kwe-20 yobunzima bensimbi ephosiweyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba iphinde isebenze kuze kube yilapho ubunzima busondele kwisiseko sesinyithi. Ukuqina koxinzelelo lwentsimbi ephoswe emva konyango lobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kuyilelwe ukuba ibe yi-160 ~ 200HB. Ubulukhuni obusezantsi kakhulu okanye obuphezulu kakhulu abuncedi kumatshini wokusebenza. Ubunzima bendawo yokulungisa i-welding iphezulu kakhulu, eya kwenza ukuba iplastiki yayo iyancipha kwaye inciphise ukusebenza kokhuseleko lomthamo wokuthwala i-valve shell.
5, isiphelo
I-welding yenzululwazi yokulungisa iziphene zokuphosa intsimbi yindlela eyonga amandla yobuchwephesha bobunjineli bokwenza kwakhona. NGOKUNCEDA kweendlela zokuvavanya zanamhlanje, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kufuneka kwenziwe kwizixhobo ze-welding, izixhobo ze-welding, abasebenzi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukuze kuqatshelwe ngokwenene ukudibanisa ukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa.