Valve sealing surface material valve welding inotadza kubata nayo

Valve sealing surface material valve welding inotadza kubata nayo

Valve sealing surface ndiyo kiyi yekushanda kumeso kwevharuvhu, kuvharisa pamusoro pemhando yemhando yakabatana nehupenyu hwesevhisi yevharuvhu, kazhinji kuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pezvinhu kuti utarise kusagadzikana kwekuora, abrasion resistance, erosion resistance, oxidation resistance nezvimwe zvinhu. Kazhinji yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: zvinyoro zvinyoro, zvisimbiso zvakaomarara.
Valve sealing surface ndiyo kiyi yekushanda kumeso kwevharuvhu, kuvharisa pamusoro pemhando yemhando yakabatana nehupenyu hwesevhisi yevharuvhu, kazhinji kuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pezvinhu kuti utarise kusagadzikana kwekuora, abrasion resistance, erosion resistance, oxidation resistance nezvimwe zvinhu.
Panowanzova nemapoka makuru maviri:
(1) Zvinhu zvakapfava
1, rabha (kusanganisira butadiene rabha, fluorine rabha, nezvimwewo)
2, plastiki (PTFE, naironi, nezvimwewo)
(2) zvisimbiso zvakaomarara
1, alloy yemhangura (yevhavha yakaderera)
2, chromium Stainless simbi (yeyakajairwa high pressure valve)
3, Sitai alloy (yepamusoro tembiricha uye high pressure mavharuvhu uye yakasimba ngura mavharuvhu)
4. Nickel base alloy (ye corrosive media)
Valve sealing surface yekusarudza tafura
Valve sealing surface material vachishandisa tembiricha / ℃ kuoma kunoshanda svikiro bhuronzi vharafu kuvharisa pamusoro -273 ~ 232 mvura, mvura yegungwa, mweya, okisijeni, saturated steam 316L valve sealing surface -268~31614HRC chiutsi, mvura, mafuta, gasi, liquefied gasi, uye kumwe kushomeka kudiki uye kusakukurwa kwepakati 17-4PH vharafu yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro -40 ~ 40040 ~ 45HRC ine zvishoma zvishoma asi inoora media Cr13 vharafu yekuisa chisimbiso kumeso -101 ~ 40037 ~ 42HRC ine corrosive zvishoma asi corrosive valve sealli 8 facelloy 2 ~65040 ~ 45HRC (tembiricha yekamuri)
38HRC (650 ° C) ine ngura uye inoparadza media Monel alloy KS vharafu sealing surface -240~48227 ~ 35HRC
30 ~ 38HRC alkali, munyu, chikafu, asidhi mhinduro isina mweya, nezvimwe. Hasloy CB valve sealing surface 371
53814HRC
23HRC Corrosive mineral acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, wet hydrochloric acid gasi, chloric acid isina mhinduro, yakasimba oxidation medium No. 20 alloy valve sealing surface -45.6 ~ 316
-253 ~ 427 oxidizing yepakati uye zvakasiyana-siyana zve sulfuric acid
Maitiro ekutarisana nevhavha welding defects
1, mufananidzo we
Pakati pemavharuvhu ekumanikidza mumapaipi emaindasitiri, mavharuvhu esimbi anokandwa anozivikanwa pamutengo wavo wehupfumi uye dhizaini inoshanduka. Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvekukanda ukuru, kukora kwemadziro, mamiriro ekunze, zvigadzirwa uye mabasa ekuvaka, kukanda kukanganisa senge trachholes, pores, kuputika, shrinkage porosity, shrinkage maburi uye inclusions zvinogona kuitika, kunyanya mu alloy simbi castings nejecha. Nekuti iyo yakawanda alloying zvinhu musimbi, iyo yakaipisisa fluidity yemvura simbi, iyo yekukanda kuremara inowanzoitika. Nokudaro, kusarura kwekuremara uye kuumbwa kwemaitiro anonzwisisika, ehupfumi, anoshanda uye anovimbika ekugadzirisa welding kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti valve yekugadzira welding inosangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano yava chinhu chinowanzoitika chekugadzirisa kupisa uye kutonhora kwevhavha. Iri bepa rinounza nzira dzekugadzirisa welding uye ruzivo rwezvizhinji zvinowanzoitika kukanganisa kwesimbi castings (iyo electrode inomiririrwa neiyo yekare brand).
2. Kuremara kurapwa
2.1 Kukanganisa kutonga
Mukuita PRODUCTION PRACTICE, ZVIMWE ZVINHU ZVAKASIYANA HAZVIBVUNDZWI kugadzirisa welding, senge pakatsemuka, zvinopinda mukati (kuburikidza nepasi), maburi ehuchi, kusakwanisa kuita jecha uye slag uye kuderera kwenzvimbo inopfuura 65 square centimeters, pamwe chete. kumwe kukanganisa kukuru kusingagoni kugadziriswa welding yakabvumirana muchibvumirano. Rudzi rwekuremara runofanira kutsanangurwa pamberi pekugadzirisa welding.
2.2. Kubvisa kukanganisa
Mumafekitori, kabhoni arc air gouging inogona kushandiswa kubvisa kukanganisa kwekukanda, uye ipapo inobatwa nemaoko Angle grinder inogona kushandiswa kukwenenzvera zvikamu zvakakanganisika kudzamara simbi inopenya yaburitswa. Asi mukuita kwekugadzira, kukanganisa kunobviswa zvakananga nekushandisa kabhoni simbi electrode ine yakakwira ikozvino uye simbi inopenya inogadzika neAngle grinder. Kazhinji, kukanganisa kwekukanda kunogona kubviswa ne 2.3. Preheat zvikamu zvakakanganisika
Carbon simbi uye austenitic Stainless simbi castings, uko nzvimbo yekugadziridza welding chikamu isingasviki 65cm2, kudzika kuri pasi pe20% kana 25mm yekukora kwekukanda, kazhinji haidi preheating. Nekudaro, ZG15Cr1Mo1V, ZGCr5Mo uye mamwe mapearlitic simbi castings anofanirwa kupiswa patembiricha ye200 ~ 400 ℃ (kugadzirisa welding nesimbi isina tsvina electrode, tembiricha idiki) uye nguva yekubata haifanirwe kunge isingasviki 60min nekuda kwekuomesesa kwakanyanya. yesimbi uye kutsemuka kuri nyore kwekunotonhora welding. Zvakadai sekukanda hazvigone kupisa kwese, okisijeni inowanikwa - acetylene munzvimbo yakakanganisika uye kuwedzera 20 mm mushure mekupisa kusvika 300-350 ℃ (micro kumashure kwekuona kwekuona murima dzvuku), hombe yekucheka torch isina kwayakarerekera murazvo pfuti inotanga nekukurumidza kutenderera mukuremara uye. iyo yakapoteredza idenderedzwa kwemaminitsi mashomanana, uye zvino kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwemaminitsi gumi (zvichienderana nehupamhi hwekuremara), ita kuti zvikamu zvakakanganiswa zvizere mushure mekupisa, kuzadza nokukurumidza Welding.
3.2. Electrode treatment
Usati wagadzirisa welding, unofanira kutanga watarisa kana electrode yafanopisa, kazhinji electrode inofanira kuva 150 ~ 250 ℃ kuomesa 1H. Iyo preheated electrode inofanira kuiswa mubhokisi rekudzivirira, kuitira kuti inogona kushandiswa sezvinodiwa. Iyo electrode inotaridzirwa 3 nguva kakawanda. Kana iyo yekuputira pa electrode surface inowira pasi, kuputika uye marara, haifaniri kushandiswa.
3.3. Gadzirisa welding nguva
Kune akavharirwa castings, akadai sevhavha shell seepage mushure mekumanikidzwa bvunzo, iyo imwecheteyo chikamu inobvumidzwa kugadziriswa kamwe chete, uye haigone kugadziriswa kakawanda, nekuti inodzokororwa kugadzirisa welding ichaita kuti simbi yezviyo ive yakaoma, inokanganisa kutakura pfuma yekukanda, kunze kwekunge kukanda kuchigona kupiswa-kurapwa zvakare mushure mekugadzira. Kugadzirisa welding yechikamu chimwe chete pasina kumanikidzwa hakupfuuri 3 nguva. Carbon simbi castings yakagadziridzwa kanopfuura kaviri muchikamu chimwe chete inozogadziriswa kubviswa kwekushushikana mushure mekudzikisira.
3.4. Gadzirisa kureba kwewelding layer
Iyo yekugadziridza welding kureba kwekukanda kazhinji inenge 2mm yakakwira kupfuura iyo yekukanda ndege, iyo yakanakira machining. Gadzirisa welding layer yakadzikira, iri nyore kuratidza vanga rewelding mushure mekugadzira. Gadzirisa welding layer yakakwira zvakanyanya, inotora nguva uye inobata zvinhu
4, kugadzirisa welding mushure mekurapwa
4.1. Yakakosha kugadzirisa welding
MuASTMA217/A217M-2007, castings ine leakage panguva ye hydraulic test, castings ine kugadzirisa welding nzvimbo> 65cm2, castings nehupamhi> 20% yekukanda madziro ukobvu kana 25mm inoonekwa seyakakosha kugadzirisa welding. Zvinokurudzirwa MUA217 STANDARD KUTI KUSINDISISA KUBVISWA KANA KUKWANA KUDZORERA KWAZVO KUNOFANIRA KUITWA, UYE KUBVISA KUSVIRWA KWAKAITWA KANA KUTI KUFUNGWA KWAZVO KUNOFANIRA KUITIRWA MUNzira Yakasimirirwa UYE YAKAKODZWA KUTI KUTI KUTI KUITWE, KUTI, KUSVIRWA KWAKAITWA ZVINHU ZVINOFANIRA KUITWA MUNHU UYE UYE UYE WAKAKODZWA NZIRA, ndiko kuti, kugadziridzwa kweAIR kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa. Zvinoenderana neASTMA352/A352M2006, kuzorora kwekushushikana kana kupisa kurapwa mushure mekugadzirisa kukuru kunosungirwa. Muchikamu chinoenderana neChinese indasitiri JB/T5263-2005 yeA217/A217M, yakakosha kugadzirisa welding inotsanangurwa se "chirema chakakomba". Asi chaizvoizvo, kunze kwekukanda blank inogona kugadziriswa zvachose kurapwa, kukanganisa kwakawanda kunowanzo kuwanikwa mukupedzisa, haigoni kunyatsopisa kupisa. Naizvozvo, mukuita kwekugadzira, inowanzogadziriswa nenzira inoshanda pane saiti neane ruzivo welder ane yekumanikidza mudziyo welding chitupa.
4.2. Bvisa kushushikana
Kukanganisa kwakawanikwa mushure mekupedza kugadzirisa welding, yatadza kuita kushushikana kwese kubvisa kudzikamisa kurapwa, kazhinji inogona kushandisa chikamu chakaremara okisijeni-acetylene murazvo wenzvimbo yekudziya kupisa nzira. Iyo hombe yekucheka tochi inoshandiswa kutenderedza zvishoma nezvishoma murazvo wausingarereki kumashure nekudzoka, uye kukanda kunopisa kudzamara nzvimbo ichiita seyakasviba tsvuku (inenge 740 ℃), uye kukanda kunochengetwa kuchidziya (2min/mm, asi kusiri pasi pe30min. ) Hurema huchafukidzwa neasbestos mapaneru pakarepo mushure mekurapa kwekunetsekana. Pearlitic simbi vharafu dhayamita dhayamita kukanganisa, kugadzirisa welding inofanirawo kuzadzwa muhupamhi hwendiro yeasbestos, kuitira kuti inononoka kutonhora. Kuvhiya uku kuri nyore uye kune mari, asi kunoda kuti welder ave neruzivo runoshanda.
Stainless simbi castings kazhinji haagadziriswe mushure mekugadzirisa welding, asi anofanirwa kusungirirwa munzvimbo inofefeterwa, kuitira kuti nzvimbo yekugadzirisa welding inokurumidza kutonhora. Kunze kwekunge zvichiratidzwa kuti iyo austenitic chimiro chakashandurwa mushure mekugadzirisa welding, kana iko kukanganisa kwakakomba. Sezvo chibvumirano nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinobvumidza, iyo yakasimba mhinduro kurapwa ichaitwazve. Carbon STEEL CASTINGS IINE HAKURU UYE YAkadzika nzvimbo dzakaremara uye akasiyana pearLITE castings mune yekukanda yekuchenesa nhanho uye muhutsinye machining, asi nekupedza mvumo, inofanirwa kurapwa nekubvisa kushushikana mushure mekugadzirisa welding. Carbon simbi kushushikana kushushikana tembiricha tembiricha inogona kuiswa se 600 ~ 650 ℃, ZG15Cr1Mo1V uye ZGCr5Mo tempering tembiricha inogona kuiswa se 700 ~ 740 ℃, ZG35CrMo tempering tembiricha inoiswa se500 ~ 550 ℃. Kune ese masimbi anokandwa, kupisa kunobata nguva yekunetseka-kudzoreredza kudzikama hakusi pasi pe120min, uye makanda anoburitswa kana choto chatonhora kusvika pazasi pe100 ℃.
4.3 Nondestructive bvunzo
Kune "kuremara kukuru" uye "kukuru kugadzirisa welding" yekukandira mavharuvhu, ASTMA217A217M-2007 inopa kuti kana kugadzirwa kwekukanda kuchisangana neS4 (Magnetic Particle Inspection) yekuwedzera zvinodiwa, iyo yekugadziridza welding ichaongororwa nemagineti particle kuongororwa kweiyo yakafanana. chiyero chemhando seyekukanda. Kana iyo yekukanda ichigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuwedzera zveS5 (radiographic inspection), jekiseni rakafanana sekutarisa kwekukanda richashandiswa kune hydraulic test kuvuza kwekukanda, kana kugadzirisa welding yechero yekukanda ine gomba rakadzika. inodarika 20% yehukobvu hwemadziro kana 1in1(25mm) uye pakugadzirisa welding chero ipi zvayo yekukandira ine gomba rinenge rakakura kudarika 10in2(65cm2) Kuongororwa kwemutsara kunoitwa. JB/T5263-2005 chiyero chinotara kuti ray kana ultrasonic inspection inofanira kuitwa mushure mekugadzirisa welding yehurema hunorema. Ndiko kuti, kune inorema kuremara uye kwakakosha kugadzirisa welding, inofanirwa kuve inobudirira nondestructive ongororo, yakaratidza kugona isati yashandiswa.
4.4. Kuongororwa kwegiredhi
Kana iri yegiredhi yeasingaparadze yekuongorora defect report yekugadzirisa welding nzvimbo, JB/T3595-2002 inotaura kuti valve groove uye kugadzirisa welding chikamu chesimbi dzakakandwa zvikamu zvemagetsi chiteshi chevhavha inofanirwa kuongororwa maererano neGB/T5677-1985, uye giredhi racho rakakodzera. Valve butt weld ichaongororwa zvinoenderana neGB/T3323-1987, Giredhi 2 inokwanisa. JB/T644-2008 inopawo zviga zvakajeka pamusoro pekuvapo kwemagiredhi maviri akasiyana ehurema mukukanda panguva imwe chete. Kana paine marudzi maviri kana anopfuura ehurema ane mamakisi akasiyana munzvimbo yekuongorora, giredhi repasi rinotorwa segiredhi rekuongorora rakazara. Kana paine mhando mbiri kana kupfuura dzehurema dzine giredhi rimwechete, giredhi rakazara richadzikiswa nechikamu chimwe.
Nekubatanidzwa kwe slag, kusapindirana uye kusapinda kwekuremara mukugadzirisa welding nzvimbo, JB/T6440-2008 inotaura kuti slag kuisirwa kwekuremara kwekukanda kunogona kuongororwa, uye porosity yekuremara mukugadzirisa welding nzvimbo inogona kutorwa se porosity. kuongororwa kwekukanda kukanganisa.
Chibvumirano chekuraira chemavharuvhu pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairwa hachiratidzi giredhi yekukanda mavharuvhu, rega rega giredhi rekukodzera mushure mekugadzirisa uye welding yezvakaremara muchibvumirano, izvo zvinowanzounza kupesana kwakawanda pakugadzirwa, kuongorora uye kutengesa mavharuvhu. Zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo yemhando yemhando yekukanda simbi muChina uye makore mazhinji echiitiko, zvinotendwa kuti giredhi rekugadzirisa welding nzvimbo yekuongorora haifanirwe kunge yakaderera pane nhanho 3 yeGB/T5677-1985, iyo nhanho ⅲ yeASMEE446b. standard. Iyo goko rine mativi emavharuvhu esimbi akakandwa uye mavharuvhu esimbi anodzvanya ari pasi pepombi inodzivirira asidhi anofanirwa kusangana neASMEE446b ⅱ kana pamusoro pezviyero. ZVINOBVUSWA ZERADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION ZVINORATIDZA KUTI MUNZVIMBO YAKAREHWA AKARUDZIRWA MAERERANO NEZVINHU ZVINOITWA UYE ZVINOTAURWA, hurema hunounzwa mukuita kwekupfeka hwakatonyanya kudiki uye hwegiredhi repamusoro pane kukanda kwacho. Muchidimbu, kugadzirisa welding sechikamu chegadziriro yekugadzira haifaniri kutorwa zvishoma.
4.5. Muedzo wekuoma
Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yekugadzira welding inokodzera nekuongorora kusina kukanganisa, asi kana machining ichidiwa, kuoma kwenzvimbo yekugadzira welding inofanira kuongororwa zvakare, iyo inotarisawo maitiro ekugadzirisa kushungurudzika. Kana tembiricha tembiricha haina kukwana, kana nguva haina kukwana, kuchaita kuti welding nzvimbo fusion simbi simba yakakwirira, murombo plasticity, machining welding nzvimbo ichava yakaoma zvikuru, nyore kutungamirira mudziyo kuputsika. Izvo zvimiro zvesimbi yepasi uye yakanyungudutswa simbi haina kuenderana, uye zviri nyore kukonzeresa kushushikana kwenzvimbo uye zviri pachena tsvakiridzo yekugadziridza welding transition junction. Naizvozvo, iyo nzvimbo yakagadziridzwa inoda kuzivikanwa uye kuyedzwa nehurema hunokosha. Nzvimbo yekugadzira welding yakagadziriswa zvinyoronyoro neguyo remaoko, uye mapoinzi matatu akarohwa neinotakurika Brinell hardness tester. Iko kukosha kwekuoma kwenzvimbo yekugadzirisa welding yakafananidzwa nekuoma kwekukosha kwesimbi yakakandwa pachayo. Kana hurema hwematunhu maviri akafanana, zvinoratidza kuti oxygen-acetylene tempering inonyanya kubudirira. Kana iyo yakaoma kukosha kwekugadzirisa welding nzvimbo inopfuura 20 kuoma kwesimbi yakakandwa, zvinokurudzirwa kushanda zvakare kusvikira kuoma kuri pedyo nesimbi yepasi. Kuomarara kwekukandwa kwesimbi mushure mekupisa kupisa kunowanzo gadzirirwa kuve 160 ~ 200HB. Kunyanya kuderera kana kuomarara kwakanyanya hakukonzereri machining oparesheni. Kuoma kwenzvimbo yekugadzira welding yakanyanya, izvo zvichaita kuti plastiki yayo ideredze uye kuderedza kushanda kwekuchengetedza kwevhavha shell inotakura simba.
5, mhedziso
Iyo yesainzi kugadzirisa welding yesimbi yekukanda hurema isimba rekuchengetedza remanufacturing engineering tekinoroji. NeRUBATSIRO rwemazuva ano ekuyedza nzira, kuenderera mberi hunyanzvi uye kuvandudzwa kunofanirwa kuitwa mumaturusi ekuisa, welding zvinhu, vashandi uye tekinoroji, kuitira kunyatsoona kubatanidzwa kwekugadzira nekugadzirisa.