Valve sealing surface abu bawul waldi lahani yadda za a magance

Valve sealing surface abu bawul waldi lahani yadda za a magance

Bawul sealing surface ne key aiki fuskar da bawul, sealing surface ingancin yana da alaka da sabis na bawul, yawanci sealing surface abu yi la'akari da lalata juriya, abrasion juriya, yashwa juriya, hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya da sauran dalilai. Yawancin lokaci an kasu kashi biyu: kayan laushi, kayan rufewa mai wuya.
Bawul sealing surface ne key aiki fuskar da bawul, sealing surface ingancin yana da alaka da sabis na bawul, yawanci sealing surface abu yi la'akari da lalata juriya, abrasion juriya, yashwa juriya, hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya da sauran dalilai.
Yawancin manyan nau'i biyu ne:
(1) Abu mai laushi
1, roba (ciki har da butadiene roba, fluorine roba, da dai sauransu)
2, filastik (PTFE, nailan, da dai sauransu)
(2) kayan rufewa mai wuya
1, jan karfe gami (ga low matsa lamba bawul)
2, chromium bakin karfe (ga talakawa high matsa lamba bawul)
3, Sitai gami (ga high zafin jiki da kuma high matsa lamba bawuloli da kuma karfi lalata bawuloli)
4. Nickel base alloy (don kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata)
Bawul sealing saman kayan zaɓi tebur
Bawul sealing surface abu ta amfani da zazzabi / ℃ taurin zartar matsakaici tagulla bawul sealing surface -273 ~ 232 ruwa, teku ruwa, iska, oxygen, cikakken tururi 316L bawul sealing surface -268 ~ 31614HRC tururi, ruwa, mai, gas, liquefied gas, da kuma sauran kadan lalata kuma babu yashwa na matsakaici 17-4PH bawul sealing surface -40 ~ 40040 ~ 45HRC tare da dan kadan latsawa amma m kafofin watsa labarai Cr13 bawul sealing fuska -101 ~ 40037 ~ 42HRC da dan kadan m amma m kafofin watsa labarai Stalli gami da bawul sealing fuska -268 ~ 65040 ~ 45HRC (zafin daki)
38HRC (650 ° C) tare da lalata da kuma lalata kafofin watsa labarai Monel gami KS bawul sealing surface -240 ~ 48227 ~ 35HRC
30 ~ 38HRC alkali, gishiri, abinci, acid bayani ba tare da iska, da dai sauransu Hasloy CB bawul sealing surface 371
53814HRC
23HRC Corrosive ma'adinai acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, rigar hydrochloric acid gas, chloric acid free bayani, karfi hadawan abu da iskar shaka matsakaici No. 20 gami bawul sealing surface -45.6 ~ 316
-253 ~ 427 oxidizing matsakaici da daban-daban yawa na sulfuric acid
Yadda ake magance lahanin walda bawul
1, bayyani na
Daga cikin bawul ɗin matsa lamba a cikin bututun masana'antu, bawul ɗin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare sun shahara don ƙimar tattalin arziƙi da ƙira mai sassauƙa. Duk da haka, saboda ƙayyadaddun girman simintin, kauri na bango, yanayi, albarkatun ƙasa da ayyukan gine-gine, lahani na simintin kamar su trachholes, pores, fasa, shrinkage porosity, raguwa da ramuka na iya faruwa, musamman a cikin simintin ƙarfe na gami da simintin yashi. Domin mafi yawan abubuwan haɗakarwa a cikin ƙarfe, mafi munin ruwan ƙarfe na ruwa, lahanin simintin ya fi faruwa. Sabili da haka, rashin lahani da kuma tsara tsarin gyaran walda mai ma'ana, tattalin arziki, mai amfani da kuma abin dogara don tabbatar da cewa bawul ɗin gyaran gyare-gyaren gyaran gyare-gyaren ya dace da buƙatun inganci ya zama abin damuwa na yau da kullum na aikin bawul mai zafi da sanyi. Wannan takarda tana gabatar da hanyoyin walda na gyare-gyare da kuma gogewa na lahani da yawa na gama gari na simintin ƙarfe (waɗanda aka wakilta na lantarki da tsohuwar alama).
2. Rashin Magani
2.1 Rashin hukunci
A cikin PRODUCTION PRACTICE, WASU RASHIN TSINTSUWA BA a yarda su gyara walda ba, kamar tsatsauran ratsa jiki, lahani masu shiga (ta ƙasa), ramukan saƙar zuma, rashin iya yashi da lallausan ƙasa da raguwar yanki sama da murabba'in 65, haka nan. sauran manyan lahani waɗanda ba za a iya gyara walda da aka amince a cikin kwangilar ba. Ya kamata a ƙayyade nau'in lahani kafin gyara walda.
2.2. Kawar da lahani
A cikin masana'antu, ana iya amfani da gogawar iskar carbon arc don cire lahani na simintin gyare-gyare, sa'an nan kuma ana iya amfani da injin Angle mai riƙe da hannu don goge ɓangarori masu lahani har sai hasken ƙarfe ya bayyana. Amma a cikin aikin samarwa, ana cire lahani kai tsaye ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki ta carbon karfe tare da babban halin yanzu kuma an yi ƙasa da luster ɗin ƙarfe ta hanyar injin Angle. Gabaɗaya, ana iya cire lahanin simintin ta hanyar 2.3. Preheat da lahani sassa
Carbon karfe da austenitic bakin karfe simintin gyaran kafa, inda yankin gyara waldi yankin ne kasa da 65cm2, zurfin ne kasa da 20% ko 25mm na kauri na simintin gyaran kafa, kullum baya bukatar preheating. Duk da haka, ZG15Cr1Mo1V, ZGCr5Mo da sauran pearlitic karfe simintin gyaran kafa ya kamata a preheated a zazzabi na 200 ~ 400 ℃ (gyara waldi da bakin karfe lantarki, da yawan zafin jiki ne kananan) da kuma riƙe lokaci ya zama ba kasa da 60min saboda high hardening hali. na karfe da sauƙi mai fashewar walda mai sanyi. Kamar simintin gyare-gyare ba zai iya gaba ɗaya preheating ba, samuwa oxygen - acetylene a cikin lahani yankin da kuma fadada 20 mm bayan mai tsanani zuwa 300-350 ℃ (micro baya gani na gani a cikin duhu ja), babban yankan tsaka tsaki wuta gun farko da sauri oscillating a cikin lahani da kuma kewaye yana da madauwari na 'yan mintoci kaɗan, sa'an nan kuma don motsawa a hankali na minti 10 (dangane da kauri na lahani), yi sassan da ba daidai ba bayan preheating, cika da sauri Welding.
3.2. Electrode magani
Kafin gyara waldi, ya kamata da farko duba ko lantarki ne preheated, kullum da lantarki ya zama 150 ~ 250 ℃ bushewa 1H. Ya kamata a sanya wutar lantarki da aka rigaya a cikin akwatin rufewa, ta yadda za a iya amfani da ita kamar yadda ake bukata. Ana preheated lantarki sau 3 akai-akai. Idan rufin da ke kan farfajiyar lantarki ya faɗi, tsatsa da tsatsa, bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba.
3.3. Gyara lokutan walda
Don ƙayyadaddun simintin gyare-gyare, irin su bawul harsashi bayan gwajin matsa lamba, ana ba da izinin gyara guda ɗaya kawai sau ɗaya kawai, kuma ba za a iya gyarawa akai-akai ba, saboda maimaita walda na gyare-gyaren zai sa hatsin ƙarfe ya yi ƙaƙƙarfan, yana shafar abin da ke cikin simintin. sai dai idan za'a iya sake maganin simintin da zafi bayan waldawa. Gyara walda na sashi ɗaya ba tare da matsa lamba ba zai wuce sau 3 ba. Simintin gyare-gyaren simintin ƙarfe na carbon da aka gyara fiye da sau biyu a cikin sashi ɗaya za a yi magani don kawar da damuwa bayan walda.
3.4. Gyara tsayin layin walda
Tsawon walda na gyaran gyare-gyare na simintin ya kasance kusan 2mm sama da jirgin simintin, wanda ya dace da mashina. Gyaran waldi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, mai sauƙin nuna tabon walda bayan machining. Gyara Layer waldi ya yi yawa, mai cin lokaci da abu mai wahala
4, gyara walda bayan magani
4.1. Muhimmiyar gyaran walda
A cikin ASTMA217 / A217M-2007, simintin gyare-gyare tare da ɗigogi yayin gwajin hydraulic, simintin gyaran gyare-gyare tare da yanki na walda> 65cm2, simintin gyare-gyare tare da zurfin> 20% na kaurin bangon simintin ko 25mm ana la'akari da mahimman waldi na gyarawa. ANA SHAWARAR A MATAKIN A217 CEWA CUTAR DA DANTSUWA KO CIKAKKEN RUWAN DUFA YA KAMATA, KUMA IRIN WANNAN CUTAR DA DANTSUWA KO CIKAKKEN RUWAN RUDU YA KAMATA A DAUKE A CIKIN SHAIDAR SHADANCI DA KYAUTA, HANYA mai mahimmanci don gyarawa. Dangane da ASTMA352/A352M2006, taimako na damuwa ko maganin zafi bayan manyan waldi na gyare-gyare ya zama tilas. A cikin daidaitattun ma'auni na masana'antar Sinawa JB/T5263-2005 na A217/A217M, muhimmin walda na gyare-gyare an bayyana shi a matsayin "mummunan lahani". Amma a gaskiya ma, ban da simintin gyare-gyaren za a iya sake farfadowa gaba daya, yawancin lahani sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin aikin gamawa, ba za a iya magance shi gaba daya ba. Sabili da haka, a aikin samarwa, yawanci ana warware shi ta hanya mai inganci akan wurin ta ƙwararren mai walda tare da takardar shaidar walda ta jirgin ruwa.
4.2. Kawar da damuwa
A lahani samu bayan kammala gyara waldi, ya kasa yi gaba ɗaya danniya kawar da tempering jiyya, kullum iya amfani da lahani part oxygen-acetylene harshen wuta gida dumama hanya. Ana amfani da babban fitilar yankan don murɗa wutar tsaka-tsaki a hankali baya da gaba, kuma ana yin zafi har sai saman ya bayyana ja ja mai duhu (kimanin 740 ℃), kuma ana kiyaye simintin ɗumi (2min/mm, amma ba ƙasa da 30min ba). ). Za a rufe lahani da sassan asbestos nan da nan bayan jiyya na taimako na damuwa. Pearlitic karfe bawul diamita lahani, gyara walda ya kamata kuma a cika a cikin diamita na asbestos farantin, sabõda haka, jinkirin sanyaya. Wannan aiki mai sauƙi ne kuma mai tattalin arziki, amma yana buƙatar mai walda don samun ɗan gogewa mai amfani.
Ba a kula da simintin bakin karfe ba bayan gyaran walda, amma sai a yi walda a wurin da ke da iska, domin wurin gyaran walda da sauri ya yi sanyi. Sai dai idan an nuna cewa an canza tsarin austenitic bayan gyaran walda, ko kuma yana da lahani mai tsanani. Kamar yadda kwangila da sharuɗɗa suka ba da izini, za a sake gyara ingantaccen maganin maganin. RUWAN KARFE KARFE DARE DA MANYAN WUTA DA KYAUTA MAI ZURFI da simintin gyare-gyare na pearLITE daban-daban a cikin matakin tsaftace simintin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma aikin injina mai tsauri, amma tare da izinin ƙarewa, yakamata a bi da shi tare da kawar da damuwa bayan gyaran walda. Carbon karfe danniya taimako tempering zafin jiki za a iya saita kamar yadda 600 ~ 650 ℃, ZG15Cr1Mo1V da ZGCr5Mo tempering zafin jiki za a iya saita a matsayin 700 ~ 740 ℃, ZG35CrMo tempering zafin jiki an saita a matsayin 500 ~ 550 ℃. Ga duk simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe, lokacin riƙe zafin zafi na rage damuwa bai wuce 120min ba, kuma ana fitar da simintin lokacin da tanderun yayi sanyi zuwa ƙasa da 100 ℃.
4.3 Gwajin mara lalacewa
Don "manyan lahani" da "babban waldi na gyare-gyare" na simintin gyare-gyaren bawul, ASTMA217A217M-2007 yana ba da cewa idan samar da simintin ya dace da tanadi na S4 (Binciken Magnetic Particle Inspection) Ƙarin buƙatun, za a bincika waldawar gyare-gyare ta hanyar duban kwayoyin halitta na magnetic iri ɗaya. ma'aunin inganci kamar na simintin gyare-gyare. Idan an samar da simintin gyaran kafa daidai da ƙarin buƙatun S5(duba rediyo), allura iri ɗaya da na duba simintin za a yi amfani da ita don zubar gwajin hydraulic na simintin, ko don gyara walda na kowane simintin da zurfin rami. ya wuce 20% na kauri na bango ko 1in1 (25mm) kuma don gyaran walda na kowane simintin gyaran kafa wanda yankin rami ya kai kusan 10in2 (65cm2) ana gudanar da binciken layin. JB/T5263-2005 misali ya nuna cewa ray ko ultrasonic dubawa ya kamata a za'ayi bayan gyara waldi na nauyi lahani. Wato, don lahani masu nauyi da mahimman waldi na gyare-gyare, dole ne ya zama ingantaccen dubawa mara lalacewa, wanda aka tabbatar da cancanta kafin amfani.
4.4. Kima daraja
Amma ga sa na rashin lalacewa dubawa rahoton na gyara waldi yankin, JB / T3595-2002 ya ƙulla cewa bawul tsagi da kuma gyara waldi part na Cast karfe sassa na ikon tashar bawul ya kamata a kimanta bisa GB / T5677-1985, da kuma darajar ta cancanta. Valve butt weld za a kimanta bisa GB/T3323-1987, Matsayi na 2 ya cancanta. JB/T644-2008 kuma yana ba da fayyace fa'ida akan kasancewar ma'auni guda biyu na lahani a cikin simintin gyaran kafa a lokaci guda. Lokacin da akwai nau'ikan lahani biyu ko sama da haka masu maki daban-daban a cikin wurin tantancewa, ana ɗaukar mafi ƙanƙanta a matsayin cikakken ƙimar ƙima. Lokacin da akwai nau'ikan lahani guda biyu ko fiye masu daraja ɗaya, za a rage maƙasudin ƙima da mataki ɗaya.
Don ƙaddamar da slag, rashin Fusion da rashin shigar da lahani a yankin gyaran walda, JB/T6440-2008 ya nuna cewa za a iya ƙididdige ƙaddamar da lahani na simintin gyare-gyare, kuma ana iya la'akari da porosity na lahani a yankin gyaran walda a matsayin porosity. kimanta lahani na simintin gyaran kafa.
Yarjejeniyar ba da izini na bawuloli a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na gabaɗaya baya nuna darajar simintin bawul, balle ma matakin cancantar bayan gyarawa da waldawar lahani a cikin kwangilar, wanda galibi yana kawo sabani da yawa ga samarwa, dubawa da siyar da bawuloli. Bisa ga ainihin ingancin matakin simintin ƙarfe a kasar Sin da kuma shekaru masu yawa na gwaninta, an yi imani da cewa kada darajar ƙimar yankin gyaran walda ta kasance ƙasa da matakin 3 na GB/T5677-1985, wato matakin ⅲ na ASMEE446b. misali. Yankunan da ke ɗauke da harsashi na bawul ɗin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe da manyan bawul ɗin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin yanayin bututun mai jure acid gabaɗaya yakamata su dace da ASMEE446b ⅱ ko sama da ma'auni. SAKAMAKON GYARAN RADIOGRAPHIC NUNA NUNA CEWA A WURIN DA AKA GYARA BISA KYAUTA TARE DA TSARI DA ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, lahanin da aka haifar a cikin tsarin sutura ya fi ƙasa da matsayi mafi girma fiye da simintin kanta. A takaice, gyaran walda a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin masana'anta bai kamata a ɗauki wasa da sauƙi ba.
4.5. Gwajin taurin
Duk da cewa wurin gyaran walda ya cancanta ta hanyar binciken da ba ya lalacewa, amma idan ana buƙatar injin, yakamata a sake duba taurin wurin gyaran walda, wanda kuma shine duba tasirin kawar da damuwa. Idan zafin zafin jiki bai isa ba, ko lokacin bai isa ba, zai haifar da yankin waldawa na ƙarfin ƙarfe na fusion yana da girma, ƙarancin filastik, yankin waldawar machining zai zama da wahala sosai, mai sauƙin kai ga rushewar kayan aiki. Kaddarorin ƙarfe na tushe da narkakken ƙarfe ba daidai ba ne, kuma yana da sauƙi don haifar da taro na damuwa na gida da bayyananniyar alamar gyara junction waldi. Don haka, yankin da aka sake walda yana buƙatar ganowa kuma a gwada shi da ƙimar taurin. Wurin waldawar da aka gyara an yi ƙasa a hankali tare da injin niƙa mai riƙe da hannu, kuma maki ukun an buge su da wani majingin Brinell mai ɗaukar nauyi. An kwatanta ƙimar taurin wurin gyaran walda tare da ƙimar taurin karfen da kansa. Idan darajar taurin yankunan biyu sun yi kama da juna, yana nuna cewa oxygen-acetylene tempering yana da nasara sosai. Idan darajar taurin wurin waldawar gyare-gyare ya fi ƙarfin 20 na simintin ƙarfe, ana ba da shawarar sake yin aiki har sai taurin ya kusa kusa da karfen tushe. Taurin da aka jefar da karfe bayan maganin zafi gabaɗaya an tsara shi don zama 160 ~ 200HB. Ƙarƙashin ƙarfi ko tsayi da yawa ba ya da amfani ga aikin injina. Taurin yankin waldawar gyaran ya yi yawa, wanda zai sa filastik ya ragu kuma ya rage aikin aminci na ƙarfin ɗaukar harsashi.
5, gamawa
gyare-gyaren kimiyyar walda na lahani na simintin ƙarfe fasaha ce ta sake ƙera makamashin injiniyoyi. Tare da TAIMAKON hanyoyin gwaji na zamani, ya kamata a ci gaba da gyare-gyare da haɓakawa a cikin kayan aikin walda, kayan walda, ma'aikata da fasaha, ta yadda za a sami haƙiƙanin haɗakar da masana'anta da kiyayewa.