Izinto ze-valve ze-oil circuit plate materials carbon steel valve izinto zokuvuthela okukhethekile

Izinto ze-valve ze-oil circuit plate materials carbon steel valve izinto zokuvuthela okukhethekile

Ipuleti lesekhethi kawoyela, i-valve yokugeleza eyodwa kanye ne-valve yesango (i-piston valve) yama-valve amaningi ayinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke izingxenye zokuphonsa zivame ukusetshenziswa. Amavalvu athile kuphela noma amavalvu anezindinganiso ezihlukile zesimo sokusebenza asebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ecijile. Insimbi yekhabhoni ingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingagqwali, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile njengakwibanga elithile lokushisa, imvelo yenani lokugxilisa ingqondo, ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinto ezigqwalayo. Izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo -29~425℃..
Ipuleti lesekhethi kawoyela, i-valve yokugeleza eyodwa kanye ne-valve yesango (i-piston valve) yama-valve amaningi ayinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke izingxenye zokuphonsa zivame ukusetshenziswa. Amavalvu athile kuphela noma amavalvu anezindinganiso ezihlukile zesimo sokusebenza asebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ecijile.
Insimbi yekhabhoni ingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingagqwali, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile njengakwibanga elithile lokushisa, imvelo yenani lokugxilisa ingqondo, ingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinto ezigqwalayo. 1. Izinga lokukhishwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ekhabhoni ezisetshenziswa ezweni lethu yi-GB12229-89 “Izinga lobuchwepheshe lokuhlukahluka kwe-Valve nezingxenye ze-carbon steel Casting”, futhi amamodeli wezinto ezibonakalayo yi-WCA, WCB ne-WCC. Leli zinga lakhiwe ngokuhambisana ne-ASTMA216-77 ejwayelekile “Ukucaciswa Okujwayelekile kwe-Welded carbon steel Castings izinga lokushisa eliphezulu” le-Foreign Materials Experimental Association. Izinga lishintshiwe okungenani kabili, kodwa i-GB12229-89 yami isasetshenziswa, futhi inguqulo entsha engiyibonayo kulesi sigaba yi-Astma216-2001. Ihluke ku-Astma 216-77 (okungukuthi, kusuka ku-GB12229-89) ngezindlela ezintathu.
A: Izidingo zango-2001 zengeze imfuneko yensimbi ye-WCB, okungukuthi, kukho konke ukuncishiswa okungu-0.01% kwenani elikhulu kakhulu lomkhawulo wekhabhoni, inani elikhulu kakhulu lomkhawulo we-magnesium linganyuswa ngo-0.04% kuze kube yilapho inani eliphakeme lingu-1.28%.
B: I-sundries Cu ye-WCA, i-WCB ne-WCC models: 0.50% ku-77, ilungiswe ku-0.30% ngo-2001; I-Cr: 0.40% ku-77 kanye ne-0.50% ngo-2001; Mo: Kwakungu-0.25% ngo-'77 kanye no-0.20% ngo-2001.
C: Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisele kufanele kube ngaphansi noma kulingane no-1.0%. Ngo-2001, uma kunendinganiso elingana nekhabhoni, lesi sigatshana asifaneleki, futhi inani eliphezulu lekhabhoni elilingana namamodeli amathathu liyadingeka ukuthi libe ngu-0.5 kanye nefomula yalo yokubala elilingana nekhabhoni.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile: A: Hlangana nezidingo zezingxenye zokuphonswa kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali emvelo, izakhiwo zemishini yesakhiwo nazo zifinyelela emazingeni, futhi *** ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, ikakhulukazi ukukhohlisa kwesici sensalela, ngaphandle kwalokho ukulimaza ukushisela. ukusebenza. B: Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emvelo okubalulwe kukhodi kusewumkhawulo. Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle kwe-welding futhi uzuze izakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini yesakhiwo, kuyadingeka ukusungula izindinganiso zokulawula zangaphakathi zezingxenye futhi wenze inqubo yokwelapha yokushisa efanele yezingxenye zokuphonsa kanye nezinduku zokuhlola. Uma kungenjalo, ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-cast akuhlangabezani nezidingo. Isibonelo, indinganiso yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB engu-≤0.3%, uma isincibilikisi esikhipha ikhabhoni yensimbi ye-WCB engu-0.1% noma ephansi kusukela ekubunjweni ukuze kubonwe kuhambisana nezidingo, kodwa izakhiwo zesakhiwo azihlangabezani nezimfuneko. Uma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kulingana no-0.3%, kodwa ukusebenza kwe-welding kukubi, ukulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kufaneleke kakhulu ku-0.25%. Ufuna ukuba "ukungena nokuphuma," abanye abatshalizimali bazobeka ngokucacile imithetho yokulawula i-carbon.
C: Izigaba zokushisa eziphathelene namavalvu ensimbi ye-carbon
(a) I-JB/ T5300-91 “Izisetshenziswa zamavalvu e-Universal” idinga ukuthi izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo lamavalvu ensimbi ye-carbon ngu-30℃ ukuya ku-450℃.
(b) Izidingo ze-SH3064-94 “zensimbi ye-petrochemical steel ukwamukelwa kwevalvu yendawo yonke, ukuhlolwa nokwamukelwa ngobunjiniyela” ze-carbon steel valve izinga lokushisa elitholakalayo lika -20 ℃ kuya ku-425 ℃ (ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlinzeko zomkhawulo ophansi -20 ℃ ukuze kuhlanganiswe GB150 umkhumbi wensimbi yensimbi)
C isikhathi. Solid carbon steel ijwayele ukwenza i-graphitize cishe ku-425 ℃. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kumavalvu okuvuthela okukhethekile I-Bellows, ingxubevange ye-Ni-Cu, ingxubevange ye-Ni-Cr-Mo, ingxubevange ye-NI-Fe-Cr, insimbi enezigaba ezimbili, i-titanium nezinye izinto ezihlukile ezihlukile, ingxubevange ye-Ni-Cu cishe engu-70%N i kanye no-30%Cu ingxubevange ye-nickel yethusi yaziwa njengegama le-Monel (M onel). Ukwakheka kwe-alloy ye-M onel400 ejwayelekile kakhulu kukhonjiswe kuThebula 2. Ingxubevange ye-Monel isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinyibilikisi ze-oxidizing eziphilayo ezibuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi i-hydrochloric acid, i-asidi eqinile namanzi olwandle ayiketshezi nawo anokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. I-Monel alloy nayo ifanelekile..
Izivuno ezikhethekile zezinto ze-valve
(1)N i-Cu ingxubevange
Ingxubevange ye-nickel-copper equkethe cishe u-70%N i kanye no-30%Cu kudala yaziwa ngokuthi i-M onel. Ukwakheka kwe-alloy ye-M onel400 ejwayelekile kakhulu kukhonjiswe kuThebula 2. Ingxubevange ye-Monel isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinyibilikisi ze-oxidizing eziphilayo ezibuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi i-hydrochloric acid, i-asidi eqinile namanzi olwandle ayiketshezi nawo anokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. I-M onel alloy nayo ifanele igesi ye-hydrogen eyomile, igesi ye-hydrogen chloride, igesi ephezulu yokushisa eqhubekayo ye-hydrogen (425℃) kanye negesi ye-hydrogen chloride eqhubekayo (450℃) nezinye izinto.
I-Mone l ingaphansi kwe-amphoteric oxides, i-fluoride, nosawoti we-ammonia ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ngakho-ke imelana nokugqwala ekwehliseni izixazululo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzobangela ukugqwala kwe-intergranular lapho encibilika i-caustic soda. Izinga lokushisa elifanele le-Mo2nel alloy lingaphansi kuka-480 ℃.
(2)Ingxubevange ye-Ni-Cr-Mo
I-Nickel – i-alloy esekelwe equkethe i-molybdenum, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Hastelloy alloy. I-Hastelloy C-276 ingxubevange inezici ezinhle kakhulu eziphelele, ezingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-oxidize izinto emoyeni nokubuyisela okuphakathi endaweni yemvelo, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa. I-C-276 alloy key chlorine emanzi, inhlobonhlobo yokunciphisa i-fluoride, isixazululo se-sodium cyanate, i-hydrochloric acid nosawoti onciphisa, indawo yokushisa ephansi kanye nomfutho womoya we-sulfuric acid inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. I-C-276 ayinakho ukumelana nokushisa okwanele. Ngemuva kokuhlangana kwesikhathi eside ebangeni lokushisa elingu-650 ~ 1 090℃ (edlula u-10m), izokwehlisa ngephutha usimende noma izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwengcindezi. Ukwakheka kwengxubevange ye-C-276 kuboniswa kuThebula 3. I-Incone l625 ingxubevange iyingxubevange ye-nickel-ferric martensitic equkethe i-chromium eningi (20W t% ~ 25W t%), i-molybdenum (8W t% ~ 10W t%), insimbi ( 5W t%), kanye ne-niobium (315W t% ~ 415W t%) njengento eyisisekelo yokwengeza. Ukubunjwa kuboniswa kuThebula 3. Ukwengezwa kwe-niobium ku-625 alloy kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa ukugqwala kokucindezeleka. Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kungaphezulu kwalokho kwengxubevange ye-C-276, ethuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwengxubevange ezintweni eziningi ezikhiqiza i-oxidizing, njenge-sodium cyanide ebilayo. 625 ingxubevange ene-molybdenum ne-niobium njengezici eziyisisekelo zokuqinisa ingxubevange yekristalu eqinile, izinga lokushisa lohlelo lokusebenza ngokuvamile alikho ngaphezu kuka-650℃. Izinto zokuvuthela ezikhethekile zamavalvu
(3)NI-Fe-Cr ingxubevange
I-Incoloy825 iyingxubevange ye-nickel-iron-chromium fine-grain reinforced alloy ene-molybdenum, ithusi ne-titanium. Ukwakheka kuboniswe kuThebula 4. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlushwa kwe-nickel enkulu akukhona ngaphansi kuka-30%, futhi ukuhlushwa kwe-nickel-iron) akukho ngaphansi kwama-65%, ngakho-ke i-825 alloy ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-nickel- ingxubevange yensimbi. I-alloy 825 isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kwe-oxidation resistant media. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-titanium kundaba, ukuthembeka kwayo kuyathuthukiswa, futhi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, kunciphisa ukugqwala okubangelwa ukufakwa kukasimende endaweni ethintekile ekushiseni endaweni yokugqwala kokuqala okujwayelekile. Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ye-alloy kwanele ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-martensite. Izinga lokushisa lesicelo lika-825 ngokuvamile alikho ngaphezu kuka-550 ℃, futhi i-650 ~ 760 ℃ iwuhlobo olubucayi kakhulu lokushisa lokuzwela kwezinto.
I-Inconel718 alloy iyi-Ni-ferro chromium ethuthukisiwe esekelwe ukuguga eqhubekayo eqhubekayo. Kuyi-superalloy eqhubekayo enamandla angu-650 ℃ futhi inokukhathala okuhle kokumelana nokushisa, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana nemisebe, izakhiwo zokwelashwa ezibandayo nokushisa. Ingenye ye-superalloys enokushisa okuphezulu, futhi ukubunjwa kwayo kuboniswe kuThebula 4. I-alloy kufanele ithuthukiswe ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile, ngokusho kokwengezwa kwe-classical A, l, Ti no-N b. Ngaphezu kokuqinisa i-ionic crystal, lezi zakhi ziphinde zihlangane ne-nickel ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic eziqinile ze-colattice. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-aluminium, ithusi, izakhi ze-boron kanye nekhabhoni zikhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zamasimende ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okushisa e-alloy. Amandla engxubevange atholakala ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqinisa γ “kanye nenani elincane γ 'elisatshalaliswa ku-substrate, enezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokukhasa ku-650℃. Isigaba esiyinhloko sokuqinisa esingu-γ” kungxubevange esetshenziswe ngaphezu kuka-650℃ kulula ukusishintsha futhi siguqulelwe kusigaba sika-δ, esinganciphisa noma singasebenzi kahle izakhiwo zengxubevange.
(4) insimbi enezigaba ezimbili
I-Duplex insimbi engagqwali yakhiwe nge-martensite kanye ne-metallography engaba ngu-50% ngayinye, ukubukeka kwe-martensite kunciphisa ukuphuka kwe-brittle kanye ne-alkali embrittlement yensimbi ephezulu ye-chromium ferrite, futhi kuthuthukisa i-ductility yensimbi eyi-duplex. I-microstructure yensimbi ye-martensitic ithuthukisa amandla esivuno, ukumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular.
Insimbi enezigaba ezimbili inokumelana okuqinile nokucindezela ukugqwala kokuqhekeka kwe-fluoride ne-sulfate, eye yanqoba ngokuphumelelayo inkinga engasebenzi yensimbi ephansi ye-alloy ebangelwa ukugqwala kwendawo. Ukwakheka kwensimbi ye-SA F2205 biphase edingeka kakhulu kuboniswa kuThebula 5. Izinto ezibonakalayo zinendawo yokushisa ye-ductility engu-475℃, futhi izinga lokushisa lokufaka isicelo ngokuvamile alikho ngaphezu kuka-300℃. Amavalvu asetshenziswa emakilasini amaningana ezinto ezikhethekile abhonsa okwesihlanu
(5) I-Titanium
I-Titanium iwuhlobo lwensimbi enokuthambekela okuqinile kwe-passivation, okulula kakhulu ukukhombisa umoya-mpilo kanye nokwenza ungqimba lwe-oxide ngaphezulu. Emithonjeni eminingi yemithombo yezindaba ebolayo, lolu hlobo lwengqimba ye-oxide luzinzile kakhulu, kunzima ukuncibilika, noma lonakalisiwe, inqobo nje uma kunomoya-mpilo owanele, lungakwazi ukululama lodwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, i-titanium inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu ekunciphiseni nasekunciphiseni imidiya. Ukwakheka kwengxubevange ye-titanium TA 2 ekhiqizwe yizimboni kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 6. Amavavu asebenzisa izivunguvungu zezinto ezimbalwa ezikhethekile.
I-ASME isethe umkhawulo wokushisa wokusebenza wengxubevange ye-titanium alloys ekhiqizwe yimboni kanye nama-alloy e-titanium alloy ephansi kokuthi 316℃.
Ukwakha izici
Indlela yokukhiqiza okubandayo kwe-bellows ngomshini we-hydraulic inikeza ukuthi impahla ine-plasticity enhle, futhi ukuqina okuqinile namandla okucindezela kutholakala ngendlela elandelayo yokucubungula. Kodwa-ke, izinto eziningi eziyingqayizivele azinazo izici ezinjalo, okuletha ubunzima obuthile ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni ama-bellows. Isibonelo, insimbi yezigaba ezimbili inamandla aphezulu okuqina (amandla aqinile/amandla acindezelayo), amandla e-springback amakhulu awakheke ngendlela ebandayo kunensimbi ye-low-alloy engu-300, kanye nokuthambekela kokuqina okubucayi kune-300 series low-alloy steel. Lapho ububanzi be-bellows kanye nesilinganiso sobubanzi obujwayelekile sidlula inani elithile, i-bellows kufanele yakhelwe izikhathi ezimbili ezakhayo kanye nokwelashwa kokuguga izikhathi ezimbili. Ngokufanayo, amandla acindezelayo e-titanium awasondele kakhulu njengamandla aqinile, futhi umumo ushintsha kabi lapho kwakhiwa izifutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso phakathi komkhawulo wamandla we-titanium kanye ne-elastic die sikhulu, okwenza ukuqina kokwakheka kwe-titanium kuqine. Kunzima ukubikezela nokulinganisa amandla abuyele emuva we-bellows eyenziwe ngale nto, futhi kunzima ukuhlangabezana nohlelo lokuqala lokuklama ngokwendlela yokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezinto ezithile eziyingqayizivele ezingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-bellows kodwa azitholi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi. Amakhasimende ekusetshenzisweni kwe-bellows, kufanele acabangele ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwe-valve medium corrosion, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi yokusebenza, ngangokunokwenzeka ukukhetha ukusebenza okungcono kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Izici zokushisela ze-welding kagesi
I-billet yensimbi engenamthungo noma i-longitudinal weld yepayipi likathayela lomshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic yenziwe ngezinto zamapayipi ashiselwe. Amandla aqinile kanye nokwelulwa kwe-butt weld kufana kakhulu nalokho okubalulekile. Izivunguvungu zokushisela zikagesi zenziwa ngokushisela ipuleti levalvu elikhanyiwe elibandayo emaphethelweni alo angaphakathi nangaphandle. I-valve enezivunsi ezinhlangothini zombili zesidingo esijwayelekile sokusebenzisa amafomu ahlukahlukene esixhumi esibonakalayo kanye nezingxenye ze-flange noma zesihlalo ezifana nokushisela, izingxenye ezinjalo futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinto zokuvuthela akufani. Ngakho-ke, impahla ye-valve bellows ngokwayo kufanele ibe nokusebenza okungcono kwe-welding kagesi, futhi isihlalo se-valve nezinye izingxenye kufanele zibe nokushisela okuthambile. Futhi izingxenye zokushisela i-bellows kufanele zibe kude ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukhethe into efanayo ne-bellows noma ukusebenza eduze, ukuqina okuhle kwezinto ezihlukahlukene.