Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa poleiti ea oli ea potoloho ea carbon steel valve bakeng sa melumo e khethehileng
Letlapa la potoloho ea oli, valve e le 'ngoe ea phallo le valve ea heke (valve ea piston) ea li-valve tse ngata li rarahane haholo, kahoo likarolo tsa ho lahla li sebelisoa hangata. Ke li-valve kapa li-valve tse nang le maemo a ikhethang a boemo ba ts'ebetso tse sebelisang likarolo tsa tšepe. Tšepe ea carbon e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse sa senyeng, maemong a mang a khethehileng joalo ka mefuta e itseng ea mocheso, tikoloho ea boleng ba mahloriso, e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse ling tse senyang. Mocheso o teng -29 ~ 425 ℃..
Letlapa la potoloho ea oli, valve e le 'ngoe ea phallo le valve ea heke (valve ea piston) ea li-valve tse ngata li rarahane haholo, kahoo likarolo tsa ho lahla li sebelisoa hangata. Ke li-valve kapa li-valve tse nang le maemo a ikhethang a boemo ba ts'ebetso tse sebelisang likarolo tsa tšepe.
Tšepe ea carbon e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse sa senyeng, maemong a mang a khethehileng joalo ka mefuta e itseng ea mocheso, tikoloho ea boleng ba mahloriso, e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse ling tse senyang. 1. Tekanyetso ea ts'ebetso ea likarolo tsa tšepe ea carbon cast tse sebelisoang naheng ea habo rona ke GB12229-89 "Technical standard for versatility Valve le carbon steel Casting likarolo", 'me mehlala ea thepa ke WCA, WCB le WCC. Tekanyetso ena e entsoe ho latela maemo a ASTMA216-77 "Tlhaloso e Tloaelehileng ea li-casting tsa tšepe tse cheselitsoeng bakeng sa mocheso o phahameng" oa Mokhatlo oa Teko oa Lintho tsa kantle ho naha. Tekanyetso e fetotsoe bonyane habeli, empa GB12229-89 ea ka e ntse e sebelisoa, 'me mofuta o mocha oo ke o bonang hona joale ke Astma216-2001. E fapane le Astma 216-77 (ke hore, ho tloha GB12229-89) ka litsela tse tharo.
A: Litlhoko tsa 2001 li ekelitse tlhokahalo bakeng sa tšepe ea WCB, ke hore, bakeng sa phokotso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 0.01% ea boleng ba moeli o moholo haholo oa carbon, tekanyo e kholo haholo ea moeli oa magnesium e ka eketsoa ka 0.04% ho fihlela boleng bo phahameng ke 1.28%.
B: The sundries Cu ea mehlala ea WCA, WCB le WCC: 0.50% ho 77, e fetotsoe ho 0.30% ka 2001; Cr: 0.40% ho 77 le 0.50% ka 2001; Mo: E ne e le 0.25% ka '77 le 0.20% ka 2001.
C: The resaduel element synthesis e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho kapa ho lekana le 1.0%. Ka 2001, ha ho na le maemo a lekanang le k'habone, poleloana ena ha e ea lokela, 'me palo e phahameng ea khabone ea mefuta e meraro e hlokahalang ho ba 0.5 le foromo ea eona ea lipalo e lekanang le khabone.
Mathata a tloaelehileng: A: Kopana le litlhoko tsa likarolo tsa ho lahla li tlameha ho kopana le litekanyetso tsa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa organic, thepa ea meralo ea meaho le eona e fihla ho maemo, 'me *** ho fihlela litlhoko, haholoholo ho qhekella ha lintho tse setseng, ho seng joalo ho lematsa welding. tshebetso. B: Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o boletsoeng khoutu e ntse e le boholo. E le hore u fumane ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding le ho finyella thepa e hlokahalang ea mochine, hoa hlokahala ho theha litekanyetso tsa taolo ea ka hare ea likarolo le ho etsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea mocheso bakeng sa likarolo tsa ho lahla le lithupa tsa teko. Ho seng joalo, tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa cast ha e finyelle litlhoko. Ka mohlala, WCB steel carbon content standard standard ≤0.3%, haeba smelter out WCB steel carbon content ea 0.1% kapa e ka tlaase ho tloha sebopeho ho bona e lumellana le litlhoko, empa thepa ea meralo ea meralo ha e finyelle litlhoko. Haeba litaba tsa khabone li lekana le 0.3%, empa ts'ebetso ea welding e fokola, taolo ea khabone e nepahetse ho feta 0.25%. U batla ho ba "ho kena le ho tsoa," batseteli ba bang ba tla beha ka ho hlaka melao ea taolo ea khabone.
C: Mefuta ea mocheso e amanang le li-valve tsa tšepe ea carbon
(a) JB/ T5300-91 "Lisebelisoa tsa li-valve tsa Universal" li hloka hore mocheso o teng oa li-valve tsa carbon steel ke -30 ℃ ho ea ho 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical equipment steel universal valve adoption, test and engineering acceptance" litlhokahalo tsa carbon steel valve e fumanehang mocheso oa -20 ℃ ho 425 ℃ (ts'ebeliso ea lipehelo tsa moeli o tlase bakeng sa -20 ℃ ke molemong oa ho kopana le GB150 tšepe ea khatello ea tšepe)
(c) ANSIB16 · 34 "flange le butt welding end valve" khatello ea ho sebetsa - mocheso o lekantsoe litekanyetso tsa boleng ba hona joale litlhoko tsa maemo a WCB A105 (carbon steel) e fumanehang mocheso o fapaneng ho kenyelletsa -29 ℃ ho 425 ℃, e ke ke ea sebelisoa kaholimo ho 425 ℃ nako e telele. nako. Solid carbon steel e atisa ho graphitize hoo e ka bang 425 ℃. Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa li-valve tsa Bellows, alloy ea Ni-Cu, alloy ea Ni-Cr-Mo, alloy ea NI-Fe-Cr, tšepe ea mekhahlelo e 'meli, titanium le lisebelisoa tse ling tse fapaneng tse ikhethang, alloy ea Ni-Cu e ka bang 70% N i le 30% Cu nickel koporo alloy e se e tsejoa e le lebitso la Monel (M onel). Sebopeho sa motsoako o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa M onel400 o bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 2. Monel alloy e sebelisoa haholo-holo ka li-solvents tse fokolang tsa oxidizing, haholo-holo hydrochloric acid, acid e matla le metsi a leoatle a metsi a boetse a na le khanyetso e babatsehang ea ho senya. Monel alloy e boetse e loketse ..
Li-bellows tse khethehileng tsa lisebelisoa tsa valve
(1) N i-Cu motsoako
Motsoako oa nickel-copper o nang le hoo e ka bang 70% N i le 30%Cu haesale o tsejoa e le M onel. Sebopeho sa motsoako o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa M onel400 o bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 2. Monel alloy e sebelisoa haholo-holo ka li-solvents tse fokolang tsa oxidizing, haholo-holo hydrochloric acid, acid e matla le metsi a leoatle a metsi a boetse a na le khanyetso e babatsehang ea ho senya. M onel alloy e boetse e loketse khase ea haedrojene e omeletseng, khase ea hydrogen chloride, khase e tsoelang pele ea mocheso o phahameng oa hydrogen (425 ℃) le khase e tsoelang pele ea mocheso o phahameng oa hydrogen chloride (450 ℃) le lisebelisoa tse ling.
Mone l e tlas'a amphoteric oxides, fluoride, le matsoai a ammonia libakeng tse mongobo, 'me ka hona e hanyetsana le kutu ho fokotsa litharollo. Ho phaella moo, o tla etsa hore ho bola ha intergranular ha a qhibiliha soda ea caustic. Mocheso o loketseng oa ho sebetsa oa motsoako oa Mo2nel o ka tlase ho 480 ℃.
(2) Motsoako oa Ni-Cr-Mo
Nickel - alloy e thehiloeng ho molybdenum, e tsejoang hape e le Hastelloy alloy. Hastelloy C-276 alloy e na le thepa e felletseng e felletseng, e ka sebelisetsoang ho oxidize lintho tse moeeng le ho khutlisetsa mahareng tikolohong ea tlhaho, ka hona e sebelisoa. C-276 alloy key wet chlorine, mefuta e fapaneng ea ho fokotsa fluoride, sodium cyanate solution, hydrochloric acid le letsoai le fokotsang, tikoloho ea mocheso o tlase le khatello ea sepakapaka sulfuric acid e na le ho hanyetsa ho hotle haholo ha kutu. C-276 ha e na mocheso o lekaneng oa ho hanyetsa. Kamora 'timability ea nako e telele mofuteng oa mocheso oa 650 ~ 1 090℃ (o fetang 10m in), ka phoso e tla thefula disamente kapa metsoako ea intermetallic, e lebisang ho kutu ea khatello ea maikutlo. Sebopeho sa motsoako oa C-276 se bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 3. Incone l625 alloy ke nickel-ferric martensitic variant alloy e nang le chromium e ngata (20W t% ~ 25W t%), molybdenum (8W t% ~ 10W t%), tšepe ( 5W t%), le niobium (315W t% ~ 415W t%) e le ntho ea motheo ea tlatsetso. Sebopeho se bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 3. Ho eketsoa ha niobium ho 625 alloy ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mocheso ho senya khatello ea kelello. Likahare tsa chromium li phahame ho feta tsa motsoako oa C-276, e leng se ntlafatsang ho hanyetsa ho bola ha motsoako linthong tse ngata tse nang le oxidizing, joalo ka ho belisa sodium cyanide. 625 alloy e nang le molybdenum le niobium e le lintho tsa motheo tse matlafatsang tsa motsoako o thata oa kristale, mocheso oa kopo hangata ha o fete 650 ℃. Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho roala li-valve
(3) motsoako oa NI-Fe-Cr
Inkoloy825 ke motsoako oa nickel-iron-chromium o matlafalitsoeng ka lijo-thollo tse nang le molybdenum, koporo le titanium. Sebopeho se bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 4. Ka kakaretso, bongata ba nickel ha bo ka tlase ho 30%, 'me bongata ba (nickel-iron) ha bo ka tlase ho 65%, kahoo 825 alloy ka linako tse ling e bitsoa nickel- tšepe ea motheo ea tšepe. Alloy 825 e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa etching ea mecha ea litaba e hananang le oxidation. Ka lebaka la tlatsetso ea titanium ho thepa, ts'epo ea eona ea ntlafatsoa, 'me ka lebaka la khabone e batlang e le tlase, e fokotsa kutu e bakoang ke ho beoa ha cementite sebakeng se amehileng ke mocheso oa welding tikolohong ea kutu ea ho qala ho tloaelehileng. Likahare tsa nickel tsa alloy li lekane ho hanela khatello ea maikutlo e senyehang ea martensite. Thempereichara ea kopo ea 825 ka kakaretso ha e fete 550 ℃, 'me 650 ~ 760 ℃ ke mefuta e mengata ea mocheso oa mocheso oa thepa.
Inconel718 alloy ke botsofali bo matlafalitsoeng ba Ni-ferro chromium e thehiloeng ho fetotsoeng e tsoelang pele ea superalloy. Ke superalloy e tsoelang pele ka matla a 650 ℃ mme e na le mokhathala o motle oa ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa oxidation, ho hanyetsa mahlaseli, ho bata le thepa ea phekolo ea mocheso. Ke e 'ngoe ea li-superalloys tse nang le mocheso o phahameng,' me sebopeho sa eona se bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 4. Alloy e lokela ho ntlafatsoa tlas'a motheo oa phekolo e tiileng ea tharollo, ho ea ka ho eketsoa ha classical A, l, Ti le N b. Ntle le ho matlafatsa kristale ea ionic, likarolo tsena li boetse li kopanya le nickel ho hlahisa metsoako e tsitsitseng ea colattice le e rarahaneng ea intermetallic. Ka nako e ts'oanang, aluminium, koporo, likarolo tsa boron le carbon li hlahisa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea samente ho ntlafatsa matla a mocheso oa motsoako. Matla a alloy a tsoa haholo-holo mokhahlelong o matlafatsang γ "le palo e nyane ea γ 'e ajoang ka har'a substrate, e nang le thepa e ntle ea meaho, ho hanyetsa kutu le khanyetso ea creep ho 650 ℃. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea ho matlafatsa γ "ka har'a motsoako o sebelisitsoeng ka holimo ho 650 ℃ ho bonolo ho fetisoa le ho fetoloa hore e be δ phase, e ka fokotsang kapa ea se ke ea sebetsa thepa ea alloy.
(4) tšepe ea mekhahlelo e 'meli
Duplex tšepe e sa hloekang e entsoe ka martensite le metallography ea hoo e ka bang 50% e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ponahalo ea martensite e fokotsa ho robeha ha brittle le alkali embrittlement ea tšepe e phahameng ea chromium ferrite, le ho ntlafatsa ductility ea duplex tšepe. Microstructure ea tšepe ea martensitic e ntlafatsa matla a tlhahiso, khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo le ho hanyetsa ho bola ha intergranular.
Tšepe ea mekhahlelo e 'meli e na le khanyetso e matla ea khatello ea maikutlo ea ho senya ho phunyeha ha fluoride le sulfate, e atlehileng ho hlōla bothata bo sa sebetseng ba tšepe e tlaase ea alloy e bakoang ke ho senyeha ha sebaka. Sebopeho sa tšepe ea SA F2205 biphase ka tlhokahalo e kholo e bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 5. Thepa e na le sebaka sa mocheso sa ductility sa 475 ℃, 'me mocheso oa kopo hangata ha o fete 300 ℃. Li-valve tse sebelisoang lihlopheng tse 'maloa tsa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng li fihla ho bohlano
(5) Titanium
Titanium ke mofuta oa thepa ea tšepe e nang le tšekamelo e matla ea passivation, e bonolo haholo ho e bonahatsa ka oksijene le ho etsa lesela la oxide holim'a metsi. Mecheng e mengata e senyang, mofuta ona oa oxide layer o tsitsitse haholo, o batla o le thata ho qhibiliha, esita le haeba o senyehile, hafeela ho na le oksijene e lekaneng, e ka hlaphoheloa kapele ka boeona. Ka hona, titanium e na le khanyetso e ntle ea kutu ho fokotsa le ho fokotsa mecha ea litaba. Sebopeho sa motsoako oa titanium TA 2 o hlahisoang indastering o bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 6. Li-valve li sebelisa metsu ea lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tse khethehileng.
ASME e behile moeli oa mocheso oa ts'ebetso oa li-alloys tsa titanium tse hlahisoang indastering le li-alloy tse tlase tsa titanium ho 316℃.
Ho theha litšobotsi
Mokhoa o batang oa ho etsa tlhahiso ea li-bellows ka mochine oa khatiso oa hydraulic o fana ka hore thepa e na le polasetiki e ntle, 'me ho thatafala ho matla le matla a ho hatella li fumanoa ka mokhoa o latelang oa ho sebetsa. Leha ho le joalo, lisebelisoa tse ngata tse ikhethang ha li na litšobotsi tse joalo, tse tlisang mathata a itseng ho moralo le tlhahiso ea li-bellows. Mohlala, tšepe ea mekhahlelo e 'meli e na le matla a holimo (matla a matla / matla a hatellang), matla a maholoanyane a sebopeho se batang ho feta 300 series low-alloy steel, le tšekamelo e tebileng ea ho thatafatsa ho feta 300 series low-alloy steel. Ha melomo e bophara le karo-karolelano ea bophara ka lebitso e feta boleng bo itseng, meutloa e lokela ho thehoa ka makhetlo a mabeli ho theha le makhetlo a mabeli a phekolo ea botsofali. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, matla a hatellang a titanium ha a atamele haholo joalo ka matla a ho tsitsa, 'me sebopeho se fetoha hampe ha melumo e etsoa. Ka nako e ts'oanang, karo-karolelano pakeng tsa moeli oa matla a titanium le "elastic die" e kholo, e leng se etsang hore ho tiea ha titanium ho theha matla. Ho thata ho bolela esale pele le ho lekanya matla a ho khutla a maqhubu a entsoeng ka thepa ena, hape ho thata ho kopana le moralo oa pele oa moralo ho latela mokhoa oa ho buuoa ka polasetiki. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le lisebelisoa tse ikhethang tse ka sebelisoang ha ho etsoa li-bellows empa ha li fumane tšebeliso e atileng. Bareki ba ts'ebeliso ea li-bellows, ba lokela ho nahana ka botlalo mabapi le ts'ebetso ea li-valve medium corrosion, mocheso, khatello ea ho sebetsa, ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ho khetha ts'ebetso e ntle ea thepa.
Litšobotsi tsa ho tjheseletsa tsa motlakase
Seamless steel tube billet kapa longitudinal weld ea phala ea sekoti ea mochini oa khatiso oa hydraulic e entsoe ka thepa ea phala e cheselitsoeng. Matla a tsitsipano le bolelele ba butt weld a tšoana haholo le a thepa ea pele. Lithako tsa motlakase li entsoe ka ho tjheseletsa poleiti ea annular e petelitsoeng ka serame ka hare le kantle. Li-valve tse nang le melumo ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli a tlhokahalo e akaretsang ea ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea liforomo le li-flange kapa likarolo tsa setulo joalo ka welding, likarolo tse joalo, 'me ka linako tse ling lisebelisoa tsa bellows ha li tšoane. Ka hona, thepa ea li-valve bellows ka boeona e lokela ho ba le ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding ea motlakase, 'me setulo sa valve le likarolo tse ling li lokela ho ba le welding e bonolo. 'Me likarolo tsa welding tsa bellows li lokela ho ba ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ho khetha thepa e tšoanang ka melumo kapa ts'ebetso e haufi, e ntle e senyehang ea thepa e fapaneng.
Nako ea poso: Feb-11-2023
