Ibikoresho bya valve kubikoresho byamavuta yamashanyarazi ibikoresho bya karubone ibyuma bya valve idasanzwe

Ibikoresho bya valve kubikoresho byamavuta yamashanyarazi ibikoresho bya karubone ibyuma bya valve idasanzwe

Isahani yumuzunguruko wamavuta, icyerekezo kimwe cyamazi hamwe na valve (ama piston valve) yibibaya byinshi biraruhije, kuburyo ibice byo guteramo bikoreshwa muri rusange. Gusa bimwe bya kalibiri cyangwa indangagaciro zifite imiterere yihariye yimikorere ikoresha ibice byibyuma. Ibyuma bya karubone birashobora gukoreshwa mubintu bitangirika, mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe nko mubihe runaka byubushyuhe, ibidukikije byagaciro, bishobora gukoreshwa mubintu bimwe na bimwe byangirika. Ubushyuhe buboneka -29 ~ 425 ℃ ..
Isahani yumuzunguruko wamavuta, icyerekezo kimwe cyamazi hamwe na valve (ama piston valve) yibibaya byinshi biraruhije, kuburyo ibice byo guteramo bikoreshwa muri rusange. Gusa bimwe bya kalibiri cyangwa indangagaciro zifite imiterere yihariye yimikorere ikoresha ibice byibyuma.
Ibyuma bya karubone birashobora gukoreshwa mubintu bitangirika, mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe nko mubihe runaka byubushyuhe, ibidukikije byagaciro, bishobora gukoreshwa mubintu bimwe na bimwe byangirika. 1. Igipimo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma bya karubone bikoreshwa mu gihugu cyacu ni GB12229-89 “Igipimo cya tekiniki yo guhinduranya ibintu byinshi Valve hamwe n’ibyuma bya Carbone Casting”, naho ibikoresho ni WCA, WCB na WCC. Iyi ngingo ngenderwaho yashyizweho hakurikijwe ASTMA216-77 “Ibisobanuro ngenderwaho byerekana ibyuma bya karuboni byasuditswe byatewe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru” by'ishyirahamwe ry’ibikoresho byo mu mahanga. Ibipimo byahinduwe byibuze kabiri, ariko GB12229-89 yanjye iracyakoreshwa, kandi verisiyo nshya mbona kuri iki gihe ni Astma216-2001. Itandukanye na Astma 216-77 (ni ukuvuga kuva GB12229-89) muburyo butatu.
Igisubizo: Ibisabwa 2001 byongeweho icyifuzo cyicyuma cya WCB, ni ukuvuga ko kuri buri 0.01% kugabanya agaciro ka karuboni nini cyane, agaciro ka magnesium nini cyane gashobora kwiyongera 0,04% kugeza igihe agaciro ntarengwa ari 1.28%.
B: Sundries Cu ya moderi ya WCA, WCB na WCC: 0,50% muri 77, yahinduwe kuri 0,30% muri 2001; Cr: 0,40% muri 77 na 0,50% muri 2001; Mo: Byari 0,25% muri 77 na 0,20% muri 2001.
C: Sintezike yibintu bisigaye bigomba kuba munsi cyangwa bingana na 1.0%. Muri 2001, iyo hari karubone ihwanye na karubone, iyi ngingo ntabwo ikwiye, kandi karubone ntarengwa ihwanye na moderi eshatu isabwa kuba 0.5 hamwe na karuboni yayo ihwanye no kubara.
Ibibazo bisanzwe: A: Kuzuza ibisabwa mubice bya casting bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwimiterere yimiti kama, imiterere yubukanishi nabwo bugera kubipimo, kandi *** kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa, cyane cyane ibintu bisigaye bikoreshwa, ubundi byangiza gusudira. imikorere. B: Ibihingwa ngengabuzima bivugwa muri kode biracyari byinshi. Kugirango ubone imikorere myiza yo gusudira no kugera kumiterere yubukanishi bukenewe, birakenewe gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byimbere yimbere yibigize no gukora uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe kubice byo guteramo inkoni. Bitabaye ibyo, umusaruro wibice byujuje ubuziranenge ntabwo wujuje ibisabwa. Kurugero, ibyuma bya WCB ibyuma bya karubone bisanzwe ≤0.3%, niba gushonga ibyuma bya karuboni ya WCB ya 0.1% cyangwa munsi yibigize kugirango ubone bihuye nibisabwa, ariko imiterere yubukanishi ntabwo yujuje ibisabwa. Niba ibirimo karubone bihwanye na 0.3%, ariko imikorere yo gusudira ni mibi, kugenzura ibirimo karubone birakwiriye kuri 0.25%. Ushaka kuba "kwinjira no gusohoka," abashoramari bamwe bazashyira ahagaragara amabwiriza yo kugenzura karubone.
C: Ibyiciro by'ubushyuhe bijyanye na karubone ibyuma
.
. GB150 icyuma cyumuvuduko wicyuma)
. igihe. Ibyuma bikomeye bya karubone bikunda gushushanya hafi 425 ℃. Ibikoresho byihariye bya valve ibikoresho bya Belows, Ni-Cu alloy, Ni-Cr-Mo alloy, NI-Fe-Cr alloy, ibyuma bibiri, ibyuma bya titanium nibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe, Ni-Cu alloy hafi 70% N i na 30% Cu nikel y'umuringa wavanze uzwi ku izina rya Monel (M onel). Ibigize M onel400 isanzwe isanzwe igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Amavuta ya monel akoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya imbaraga za okiside zangiza, cyane cyane aside hydrochloric, aside ikomeye n’amazi yo mu nyanja nayo afite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Monel alloy nayo irakwiriye ..
Inzogera idasanzwe kubikoresho bya valve
(1) N i-Cu
Nikel-umuringa wavanze urimo 70% N i na 30% Cu kuva kera bizwi nka M onel. Ibigize M onel400 isanzwe isanzwe igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Amavuta ya monel akoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya imbaraga za okiside zangiza, cyane cyane aside hydrochloric, aside ikomeye n’amazi yo mu nyanja nayo afite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. M onel alloy nayo ikwiranye na gaze ya hydrogène yumye, gaze ya hydrogène chloride, gazi ya hydrogène yubushyuhe bukabije (425 ℃) hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa hydrogène chloride (450 ℃) nibindi bikoresho.
Mone l ikoreshwa na okiside amphoteric, fluoride, nu munyu wa amoniya ahantu h’ubushuhe, bityo ikaba ishobora kurwanya ruswa mu kugabanya ibisubizo. Byongeye kandi, azatera ruswa hagati yimitsi iyo ashonga soda ya caustic. Ubushyuhe bukwiye bwa Mo2nel alloy iri munsi ya 480 ℃.
(2) Ni-Cr-Mo
Nickel - ishingiye ku mavuta arimo molybdenum, izwi kandi nka Hastelloy. Amavuta ya Hastelloy C-276 afite ibintu byiza byuzuye, bishobora gukoreshwa muguhumeka ibintu mukirere no kugarura ibidukikije mubidukikije, bityo birakoreshwa. C. C-276 ntabwo ifite ubukana buhagije. Nyuma yigihe kirekire mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwa 650 ~ 1 090 ℃ (kurenga 10m muri), bizibeshya kugusha sima cyangwa ibice bivanze, biganisha kumitsi. Ibigize C-276 bivangwa bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3. Incone l625 alloy ni nikel-ferric martensitic variant alloy irimo chromium nyinshi (20W t% ~ 25W t%), molybdenum (8W t% ~ 10W t%), icyuma ( 5W t%), na niobium (315W t% ~ 415W t%) nkibintu byongeweho byongeweho. Ibigize byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 3. Kwiyongera kwa niobium kuri 625 alloy bizamura ubushyuhe bwo kwangirika kwangirika. Ibigize chromium birenze ibyo C-276 ivanze, iteza imbere kwangirika kwangirika kwinshi mubintu byinshi bya okiside, nka sodium cyanide itetse. 625 ivanze na molybdenum na niobium nkibintu byibanze bishimangira ibintu byiza bya kristu ikomera, ubushyuhe bwo gusaba ntabwo burenze 650 ℃. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byerekana ibikoresho bya valve
(3) NI-Fe-Cr
Incoloy825 ni nikel-fer-chromium nziza-ingano nziza yongerewe imbaraga hamwe na molybdenum, umuringa na titanium. Ibigize byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 4. Muri rusange, ubwinshi bwa nikel ntabwo buri munsi ya 30%, kandi ubwinshi bwa (nikel-fer) ntiburi munsi ya 65%, bityo 825 alloy rimwe na rimwe bita nikel- icyuma fatizo. Alloy 825 ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubitangazamakuru byangiza okiside. Bitewe no kongeramo titanium mubikoresho, ubwizerwe bwarushijeho kuba bwiza, kandi bitewe na karuboni nkeya ugereranije, bigabanya ruswa yatewe no guterwa na simaite mukarere ka welding ubushyuhe bwibasiwe nibidukikije byangirika gutangira bisanzwe. Nikel iri muri alloy irahagije kugirango irwanye ihungabana rya martensite. Ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha bwa 825 mubusanzwe ntabwo burenze 550 and, na 650 ~ 760 ℃ nuburemere bukabije bwibikoresho byibikoresho.
Inconel718 alloy nubusaza bwongerewe Ni-ferro chromium ishingiye kubihoraho superalloy. Ni superalloy ikomeza ku mbaraga za 650 ℃ kandi ifite umunaniro mwiza wo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya okiside, kurwanya imirasire, imiti ikonje nubushyuhe. Nimwe muma superalloys ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ibiyigize byerekanwe kumeza ya 4. Amavuta agomba gutunganywa hashingiwe kubuvuzi bukomeye, ukurikije inyongera ya A, l, Ti na N b. Usibye gushimangira ionic kristal, ibi bintu kandi bihuza na nikel kugirango bibyare colattice ihamye kandi igoye ivanze. Muri icyo gihe, aluminiyumu, umuringa, ibintu bya boron na karubone bitanga sima zitandukanye kugirango zongere imbaraga zumuriro wa alloy. Imbaraga zivanze zikomoka ahanini mubyiciro byo gushimangira γ “hamwe na bike γ 'bigabanijwe muri substrate, ifite imiterere yubukanishi bwiza, kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya ibimera kuri 650 ℃. Icyiciro nyamukuru cyo gushimangira γ ”mu mavuta akoreshwa hejuru ya 650 ℃ biroroshye guhindurwa no guhindurwa δ icyiciro, gishobora kugabanya cyangwa kutagira ingaruka kumitungo.
(4) ibyuma bibiri
Duplex idafite ibyuma igizwe na martensite na metallografiya igera kuri 50% buri umwe, isura ya martensite igabanya kuvunika kuvunika hamwe na alkali kwinjiza ibyuma bya chromium ferrite ndende, kandi bigahindura ihindagurika ryibyuma bya duplex. Microstructure yicyuma cya martensitike itezimbere imbaraga zumusaruro, kurwanya ihungabana no kurwanya ruswa.
Ibyuma by'ibyiciro bibiri bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa yangirika muri fluor na sulfate, byatsinze neza ikibazo kidakuka cyibyuma bito bito biterwa na ruswa. Ibigize SA F2205 ibyuma bya biphase mubisabwa cyane bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 5. Ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa 475 and, kandi ubushyuhe bwo kubukoresha ntabwo burenga 300 ℃. Indangagaciro zikoreshwa mubyiciro byinshi byibikoresho bidasanzwe inzogera ya gatanu
(5) Titanium
Titanium ni ubwoko bwibyuma bifite passivation ikomeye, byoroshye cyane kubyerekana hamwe na ogisijeni no gukora oxyde hejuru. Mu bitangazamakuru byinshi byangirika, ubu bwoko bwa oxyde ihagaze neza cyane, biragoye gushonga, nubwo byangiritse, mugihe habaye ogisijeni ihagije, irashobora gukira byihuse. Kubwibyo, titanium ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu kugabanya no gutesha agaciro itangazamakuru. Ibigize uruganda rukora titanium alloy TA 2 rwerekanwe kumeza 6. Imyanda ikoresha inzogera yibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe
ASME yashyizeho igipimo ntarengwa cy'ubushyuhe bwo gukora inganda zikora inganda zikora inganda za titanium hamwe na titanium nkeya ya 316 ℃.
Gukora ibiranga
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukora inzogera ikoresheje hydraulic itanga ko ibikoresho bifite plastike nziza, kandi ubukana bukomeye nimbaraga zo kwikuramo biboneka muburyo bukurikira bwo gutunganya. Nyamara, ibikoresho byinshi bidasanzwe ntabwo bifite ibiranga, bizana ingorane zimwe na zimwe mugushushanya no gukora inzogera. Kurugero, ibyuma byibyiciro bibiri bifite imbaraga zingana cyane (imbaraga zingana / imbaraga zo kwikuramo imbaraga), imbaraga nini zashushe zikonje zirenze 300 zicyuma giciriritse, hamwe ningutu zikomeye zo gukomera kurenza 300 serie nkeya. Iyo umubyimba wa diameter na diameter nominal urenze agaciro runaka, inzogera zigomba gukorwa ninshuro ebyiri zikora ninshuro ebyiri zo kuvura gusaza. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imbaraga zo kwikuramo titanium ntabwo yegeranye cyane nkimbaraga zingana, kandi imiterere ihinduka nabi mugihe inzogera zakozwe. Muri icyo gihe, ikigereranyo kiri hagati yimbaraga za titanium na elastike ipfa ni kinini, bigatuma imbaraga za titanium zikomeye. Biragoye guhanura no gupima imbaraga zisubiramo zinzogera zakozwe muri ibi bikoresho, kandi biragoye kandi kubahiriza gahunda yambere yo gushushanya ukurikije uburyo bwo kubaga plastique. Nkigisubizo, hari ibikoresho byihariye bishobora gukoreshwa mugukora inzogera ariko ntibisange gukoreshwa cyane. Abakiriya mugukoresha inzogera, bagomba gutekereza cyane kubikorwa bya valve iciriritse ikora, ubushyuhe, igitutu cyakazi, uko bishoboka kwose kugirango bahitemo imikorere myiza yibikoresho.
Ibiranga gusudira biranga gusudira amashanyarazi
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikidodo cyangwa welditudinal weld ya pompe ya hydraulic ya hydraulic ikozwe mubikoresho byo gusudira. Imbaraga zingana no kurambura butt weld birasa cyane nibyibikoresho byumwimerere. Inzogera yo gusudira amashanyarazi ikorwa mu gusudira icyapa gikonjesha gikonje cya plaque ya valve buri imbere no hanze yacyo. Valve hamwe n'inzogera kumpande zombi za rusange ikeneye gukoresha imiterere itandukanye yimiterere na flange cyangwa ibice byintebe nko gusudira, ibice nkibi rimwe na rimwe ibikoresho byo gutabaza ntabwo ari bimwe. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byumuvuduko wa valve ubwabyo bigomba kugira imikorere myiza yo gusudira amashanyarazi, naho intebe ya valve nibindi bice bigomba kugira gusudira byoroshye. Kandi inzogera yo gusudira ibice bigomba kuba kure hashoboka kugirango uhitemo ibintu bimwe bifite inzogera cyangwa imikorere yegeranye, malleability nziza yibikoresho bitandukanye.