Valve ihe maka mmanụ sekit efere ihe carbon ígwè valvụ ihe maka pụrụ iche Bellows

Valve ihe maka mmanụ sekit efere ihe carbon ígwè valvụ ihe maka pụrụ iche Bellows

Efere sekit mmanụ, otu valvụ na-asọpụta na valvụ ọnụ ụzọ (valvụ piston) nke ọtụtụ valves dị mgbagwoju anya, ya mere a na-ejikarị akụkụ nkedo eme ihe. Naanị ụfọdụ caliber valves ma ọ bụ valvụ nwere ụkpụrụ ọnọdụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na-eji akụkụ nke nkedo. Enwere ike iji ígwè carbon maka ihe ndị na-adịghị emebi emebi, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ pụrụ iche dị ka n'ụdị okpomọkụ dị iche iche, gburugburu ebe nchekwa uru, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka ụfọdụ ihe na-emebi emebi. Okpomọkụ dị -29 ~ 425 ℃ ..
Efere sekit mmanụ, otu valvụ na-asọpụta na valvụ ọnụ ụzọ (valvụ piston) nke ọtụtụ valves dị mgbagwoju anya, ya mere a na-ejikarị akụkụ nkedo eme ihe. Naanị ụfọdụ caliber valves ma ọ bụ valvụ nwere ụkpụrụ ọnọdụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na-eji akụkụ nke nkedo.
Enwere ike iji ígwè carbon maka ihe ndị na-adịghị emebi emebi, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ pụrụ iche dị ka n'ụdị okpomọkụ dị iche iche, gburugburu ebe nchekwa uru, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka ụfọdụ ihe na-emebi emebi. 1. Ụkpụrụ ogbugbu maka akụkụ ihe nkedo carbon a na-eji na mba anyị bụ GB12229-89 "Ụkpụrụ nka maka valve na carbon steel nkedo akụkụ", na ụdị ihe bụ WCA, WCB na WCC. Emebere ọkọlọtọ a dịka ọkọlọtọ ASTMA216-77 “Standard Specification for welded carbon steel Castings for high okpomọkụ” nke Association Experimental Materials of mba ofesi. Emezigharịrị ọkọlọtọ ahụ ọbụlagodi ugboro abụọ, mana GB12229-89 m ka na-arụ ọrụ, ụdị ọhụụ m na-ahụ ugbu a bụ Astma216-2001. Ọ dị iche na Asma 216-77 (ya bụ, site na GB12229-89) n'ụzọ atọ.
A: Ihe ndị a chọrọ n'afọ 2001 gbakwunyere ihe achọrọ maka ígwè WCB, ya bụ, maka mbelata 0.01% ọ bụla na ọnụ ahịa njedebe carbon buru ibu, oke oke magnesium nwere ike ịbawanye site na 0.04% ruo mgbe uru kachasị bụ 1.28%.
B: The sundries Cu nke WCA, WCB na WCC ụdị: 0.50% na 77, gbanwee ka 0.30% na 2001; Kr: 0.40% na 77 na 0.50% na 2001; Mo: Ọ bụ 0.25% na '77 na 0.20% na 2001.
C: Ngwakọta ihe fọdụrụnụ kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị ma ọ bụ hà nhata 1.0%. N'afọ 2001, mgbe enwere ọkọlọtọ nha carbon, nkebiokwu a adabaghị, yana a chọrọ ka carbon kacha nha nke ụdị atọ a ga-abụ 0.5 na usoro mgbako carbon ya.
Nsogbu nkịtị: A: Izute ihe ndị a chọrọ nke nkedo akụkụ ga-ezute ụkpụrụ nke organic chemical mejupụtara, structural n'ibu Njirimara bụkwa ruo ụkpụrụ, na *** izute ihe ndị a chọrọ, karịsịa ihe fọdụrụnụ mmewere, ma ọ bụghị imerụ ịgbado ọkụ. arụmọrụ. B: Ngwakọta kemịkalụ organic akọwapụtara na koodu ka bụ nke kachasị. Iji nweta ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ dị mma ma nweta ihe arụrụ arụ arụrụ arụ achọrọ, ọ dị mkpa iji guzobe ụkpụrụ njikwa n'ime nke akụrụngwa ma mee usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ziri ezi maka akụkụ nkedo na mkpanaka ule. Ma ọ bụghị ya, mmepụta nke nkedo akụkụ adịghị ezute ihe ndị a chọrọ. Ọmụmaatụ, WCB ígwè carbon ọdịnaya ọkọlọtọ ≤0.3%, ma ọ bụrụ na smelter si WCB ígwè carbon ọdịnaya nke 0.1% ma ọ bụ ala si mejupụtara ịhụ bụ kwekọrọ na chọrọ, ma structural n'ibu Njirimara adịghị ezute ihe a chọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya carbon bụ 0.3%, mana arụmọrụ ịgbado ọkụ adịghị mma, njikwa ọdịnaya carbon dabara adaba na 0.25%. Chọrọ ịbụ "ntinye na ọpụpụ," ụfọdụ ndị na-etinye ego ga-ewepụta n'ụzọ doro anya ụkpụrụ njikwa carbon.
C: Ụdị okpomọkụ metụtara carbon ígwè valves
(a) JB / T5300-91 "Ihe maka Universal valves" na-achọ na dị okpomọkụ nke carbon ígwè valves bụ -30 ℃ ka 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical akụrụngwa ígwè eluigwe na ala valvụ doo, ule na engineering nnabata" chọrọ nke carbon ígwè valvụ dị okpomọkụ nke -20 ℃ ka 425 ℃ (ngwa nke ala ịgba ndokwa maka -20 ℃ bụ iji n'otu na GB150 ígwè mgbali ụgbọ mmiri)
(c) ANSIB16 · 34 "flange na butt ịgbado ọkụ ọgwụgwụ valvụ" arụ ọrụ nrụgide - okpomọkụ gosiri ugbu a uru ọkọlọtọ chọrọ WCB A105 (carbon ígwè) dị okpomọkụ nso gụnyere -29 ℃ ka 425 ℃, enweghị ike iji n'elu 425 ℃ ruo ogologo oge. oge. Carbon ígwè siri ike na-achọ graphitize na ihe dịka 425 ℃. Pụrụ iche bellows valve ihe Bellows, Ni-Cu alloy, Ni-Cr-Mo alloy, NI-Fe-Cr alloy, abụọ-phase ígwè, titanium na ndị ọzọ dị iche iche ihe, Ni-Cu alloy banyere 70% N i na 30% Cu Amara ọla kọpa nickel dị ka aha Monel (M onel). The mejupụtara nke kasị ahụkarị M onel400 alloy e gosiri na Tebụl 2. Monel alloy bụ tumadi ji na-adịghị ike oxidizing organic solvents, karịsịa hydrochloric acid, ike acid na mmiri mmiri mmiri oké osimiri nwekwara magburu onwe corrosion eguzogide. Monel alloy dịkwa mma maka ..
Ụkwụ pụrụ iche maka ihe valvụ
(1) N i-Cu alloy
Alloy nickel-ọla kọpa nwere ihe dị ka 70% N i na 30%Cu ka amarala dị ka Mel. The mejupụtara nke kasị ahụkarị M onel400 alloy e gosiri na Tebụl 2. Monel alloy bụ tumadi ji na-adịghị ike oxidizing organic solvents, karịsịa hydrochloric acid, ike acid na mmiri mmiri mmiri oké osimiri nwekwara magburu onwe corrosion eguzogide. M onel alloy dịkwa mma maka akọrọ hydrogen gas, hydrogen chloride gas, na-aga n'ihu elu okpomọkụ hydrogen gas (425 ℃) na-aga n'ihu elu okpomọkụ hydrogen chloride gas (450 ℃) na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Mone l dị n'okpuru amphoteric oxides, fluoride, na amonia salts na gburugburu iru mmiri, ya mere ọ na-eguzogide corrosion n'ibelata ihe ngwọta. Na mgbakwunye, ọ ga-eme ka corrosion intergranular mgbe ọ na-agbaze caustic soda. The kwesịrị ekwesị na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke Mo2nel alloy bụ n'okpuru 480 ℃.
(2) Ni-Cr-Mo alloy
Nickel – alloy nwere molybdenum, nke a makwaara dị ka Hastelloy alloy. Hastelloy C-276 alloy nwere ezigbo ihe zuru oke, nke enwere ike iji oxidize ihe na ikuku ma weghachi ọkara na gburugburu ebe obibi, ya mere eji ya. C-276 alloy igodo mmiri chlorine, ụdị dị iche iche na-ebelata fluoride, ngwọta sodium cyanate, hydrochloric acid na ibelata nnu, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị ala na ikuku sulfuric acid nwere ezigbo nguzogide corrosion. C-276 enweghị oke nguzogide okpomọkụ. Mgbe ogologo oge timability na okpomọkụ nso nke 650 ~ 1 090 ℃ (gafere 10m in), ọ ga-ezighị ezi ịkpali cementates ma ọ bụ intermetallic ogige, na-eduga ná nrụgide corrosion. E gosipụtara ihe mejupụtara nke C-276 alloy na tebụl 3. Incone l625 alloy bụ nickel-ferric martensitic variant alloy nwere ọtụtụ chromium (20W t% ~ 25W t%), molybdenum (8W t% ~ 10W t%), ígwè ( 5W t%), na niobium (315W t% ~ 415W t%) dị ka isi ihe mgbakwunye. E gosipụtara ihe mejupụtara ya na tebụl 3. Mgbakwunye niobium na 625 alloy na-eme ka okpomọkụ na-eguzogide nrụgide nrụgide. Ọdịnaya chromium dị elu karịa nke C-276 alloy, nke na-eme ka mgbochi corrosion nke alloy dịkwuo mma n'ọtụtụ ihe na-eme oxidizing, dị ka esi sodium cyanide. 625 alloy na molybdenum na niobium dị ka isi ihe na-agba ume nke ọma crystal hardening alloy, ngwa okpomọkụ bụ n'ozuzu bụghị ihe karịrị 650 ℃. Ihe mgbawa pụrụ iche maka valves
(3) NI-Fe-Cr alloy
Incoloy825 bụ nickel-iron-chromium ezi-ọka alloy mesiri ike na molybdenum, ọla kọpa na titanium. E gosipụtara ihe mejupụtara ya na Tebụl 4. N'ozuzu, oke ntinye nke nickel abụghị ihe na-erughị 30%, na ntinye uche nke (nickel-iron) abụghị ihe na-erughị 65%, ya mere a na-akpọ 825 alloy mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka nickel- ígwè isi alloy. Alloy 825 bụ tumadi eji oxidation eguzogide mgbasa ozi etching. N'ihi mgbakwunye nke titanium n'ime ihe ahụ, a na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi ya dịkwuo mma, na n'ihi obere carbon dị ala, ọ na-ebelata corrosion nke sitere na ntinye cementite na mpaghara ịgbado ọkụ na-emetụta mpaghara corrosion nke mmalite nkịtị. Ọdịnaya nickel nke alloy zuru oke iji guzogide nrụgide corrosion mgbawa nke martensite. Ngwa okpomọkụ nke 825 bụ n'ozuzu bụghị ihe karịrị 550 ℃, na 650 ~ 760 ℃ bụ nnọọ oké njọ sensitization okpomọkụ nso nke ihe.
Inconel718 alloy bụ Ni-ferro chromium emelitere agadi nke dabere na superalloy na-aga n'ihu. Ọ bụ a na-aga n'ihu superalloy na ike nke 650 ℃ na nwere ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ike ọgwụgwụ, ọxịdashọn-eguzogide, radieshon iguzogide, oyi na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ Njirimara. Ọ bụ otu n'ime superalloys nke nwere okpomọkụ dị elu, a na-egosipụtakwa ihe mejupụtara ya na tebụl 4. Ekwesịrị ịmepụta alloy n'okpuru usoro ọgwụgwọ ngwọta siri ike, dịka mgbakwunye nke oge gboo A, l, Ti na N b. Na mgbakwunye na iwusi kristal ionic ike, ihe ndị a na-ejikọta ya na nickel iji mepụta ogige nkwụsi ike na mgbagwoju anya intermetallic. N'otu oge ahụ, aluminom, ọla kọpa, ihe boron na carbon na-emepụta cimenti dị iche iche iji meziwanye ike ọkụ nke alloy. The ike nke alloy bụ tumadi ewepụtara si ike na-adọ γ “na a obere ego nke γ 'ekesa na mkpụrụ, nke nwere mma structural n'ibu Njirimara, corrosion eguzogide na creep eguzogide na 650 ℃. The isi ike na-adọ γ” na alloy eji n'elu 650 ℃ dị mfe passivated na converted n'ime δ frasi, nke nwere ike ibelata ma ọ bụ na-adịghị irè alloy Njirimara.
(4) ígwè okpukpu abụọ
Duplex igwe anaghị agba nchara mejupụtara martensite na metallography nke banyere 50% nke ọ bụla, ọdịdị nke martensite ebelata kenkuwa mgbaji na alkali embrittlement nke elu chromium ferrite ígwè, na mma na ductility nke duplex ígwè. Microstructure nke martensitic ígwè na-eme ka ike mkpụrụ dị mma, nguzogide corrosion nrụgide na nguzogide corrosion intergranular.
Igwe nchara nke abụọ nwere ike na-eguzogide nrụgide corrosion cracking na fluoride na sulfate, bụ nke meriri nke ọma nsogbu na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke obere alloy ígwè na-akpata site na nsị mpaghara. The mejupụtara nke SA F2205 biphase ígwè na nnukwu ina gosiri na Isiokwu 5. The ihe nwere a ductility okpomọkụ mpaghara nke 475 ℃, na ngwa okpomọkụ bụ n'ozuzu bụghị ihe karịrị 300 ℃. Valves eji n'ọtụtụ klaasị nke ihe pụrụ iche na-agba nke ise
(5) Titanium
Titanium bụ ụdị ihe ọla na-eme ka ọ dị ike, nke na-adị mfe iji oxygen na-atụgharị uche ma na-etolite oyi akwa oxide n'elu. N'ọtụtụ mgbasa ozi na-emebi emebi, ụdị oyi akwa oxide a na-akwụsi ike, ọ na-esikwa ike ịgbaze, ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na e mebiri emebi, ọ bụrụhaala na enwere oxygen zuru oke, ọ nwere ike nwetaghachi ngwa ngwa n'onwe ya. Ya mere, titanium nwere ezigbo nguzogide corrosion na mbenata na neutralizing mgbasa ozi. E gosipụtara ihe mejupụtara nke titanium alloy TA 2 na-emepụta na tebụl 6. Valves na-eji ụda olu nke ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche.
ASME ewepụtala oke okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke variant ụlọ ọrụ emepụtara titanium alloys na alloy titanium alloy dị ala na 316 ℃.
Nhazi njirimara
Usoro nke mmepụta oyi na-emepụta nke bellows site na hydraulic press na-enye ihe ahụ nwere ezigbo plasticity, na ike siri ike na ike mkpakọ na-enweta site na usoro nhazi ndị a. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche adịghị enwe àgwà ndị dị otú ahụ, nke na-eweta ụfọdụ ihe isi ike na nhazi na mmepụta nke bellows. Ọmụmaatụ, abụọ-phase ígwè nwere nnukwu tensile ike (ntụpọ ike / mkpakọ ike), ibu oyi-kpụrụ springback ike karịa 300 usoro ala alloy ígwè, na ọzọ dị njọ nsogbu hardening ọchịchọ karịa 300 usoro ala alloy ígwè. Mgbe dayameta nke mgbịrịgba na oke ọnụ ala karịrị otu uru, a ga-emepụta bellows site na ugboro abụọ na-akpụ na ọgwụgwọ ugboro abụọ ịka nká. N'otu aka ahụ, ike mkpakọ nke titanium adịghị nso dị ka ike nkwụsị, na ọdịdị ahụ na-agbanwe nke ọma mgbe a na-emepụta mgbịrịgba. N'otu oge ahụ, oke dị n'etiti oke ike nke titanium na anwụ na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ nnukwu, nke na-eme ka resilience nke titanium na-emepụta ike. O siri ike ịkọ ma tụọ ike nlọghachi nke mgbịrịgba nke ihe a na-eme, ọ na-esikwa ike izute atụmatụ nhazi mbụ dịka usoro nke ịwa ahụ plastik. N'ihi ya, e nwere ụfọdụ ihe pụrụ iche nwere ike iji na-emepụta bellows ma ọ dịghị ahụta ojiji zuru ebe niile. Ndị ahịa na-eji bellows, kwesịrị ichebara echiche zuru oke na valvụ na-arụ ọrụ corrosion nke na-arụ ọrụ, okpomọkụ, nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ, dị ka o kwere mee ịhọrọ ịrụ ọrụ ka mma nke ihe.
Njirimara ịgbado ọkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ eletrik
Igwe billet igwe anaghị agba nchara ma ọ bụ weld longitudinal nke ọkpọkọ corrugated nke hydraulic press bụ ihe ọkpọkọ welded. Ike ike na elongation nke butt weld dị nnọọ ka nke ihe mbụ. A na-eme mgbịrịgba ọkụ eletrik site na ịgbado efere valvụ anular nke oyi na-atụ n'akụkụ akụkụ ya na n'èzí. Valve na bellows na abụọ nke n'ozuzu mkpa iji a dịgasị iche iche nke interface iche-iche na flange ma ọ bụ oche components dị ka ịgbado ọkụ, ndị dị otú ahụ akụkụ na mgbe ụfọdụ bellows ihe abụghị otu. Ya mere, ihe nke valvụ bellows n'onwe ya kwesịrị inwe ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ eletrik ka mma, na oche valvụ na akụkụ ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ịnwe ịgbado ọkụ. Na bellows ịgbado ọkụ akụkụ kwesịrị ka anya dị ka o kwere na-ahọrọ otu ihe na Bellows ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ nso, ezi malleability nke dị iche iche ihe.