Varuvha zvinhu zveoiri redunhu ndiro zvinhu kabhoni simbi vharafu zvinhu zvemavhuvhu akakosha

Varuvha zvinhu zveoiri redunhu ndiro zvinhu kabhoni simbi vharafu zvinhu zvemavhuvhu akakosha

Iyo oiri yedunhu ndiro, imwe inoyerera vharafu uye gedhi vharafu (piston vharafu) yeakawanda mavharuvhu akaomarara, saka zvikamu zvekukanda zvinowanzo shandiswa. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu kana mavharuvhu ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa. Simbi yekabhoni inogona kushandiswa kune zvisiri-kuora, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune imwe tambo yetembiricha, kukosha kwenzvimbo, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinokuvadza. Inowanikwa tembiricha -29 ~ 425 ℃..
Iyo oiri yedunhu ndiro, imwe inoyerera vharafu uye gedhi vharafu (piston vharafu) yeakawanda mavharuvhu akaomarara, saka zvikamu zvekukanda zvinowanzo shandiswa. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu kana mavharuvhu ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa.
Simbi yekabhoni inogona kushandiswa kune zvisiri-kuora, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune imwe tambo yetembiricha, kukosha kwenzvimbo, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinokuvadza. 1. Muyero wekuuraya we carbon cast steel parts anoshandiswa munyika yedu ndeye GB12229-89 "Technical standard for versatility Valve uye carbon steel Casting parts", uye mhando dzezvinhu ndeyeWCA, WCB uye WCC. Iyi chiyero chakagadzirwa zvinoenderana neyakajairwa ASTMA216-77 "Standard Specification ye welded kabhoni simbi Castings yekupisa yakanyanya" yekunze Zvishandiso Kuedza Association. Iyo chiyero yakagadziridzwa kanokwana kaviri, asi yangu GB12229-89 ichiri kushandiswa, uye iyo nyowani vhezheni yandinoona padanho razvino ndeye Astma216-2001. Iyo yakasiyana neAstma 216-77 (kureva, kubva GB12229-89) munzira nhatu.
A: Izvo zvinodiwa muna 2001 zvakawedzera chinodiwa cheWCB simbi, ndiko kuti, kune yega yega 0.01% kuderedzwa kweiyo yakakura kwazvo kabhoni inogumira kukosha, iyo yakakura kwazvo magnesium muganho kukosha inogona kuwedzerwa ne0.04% kusvika iyo yakanyanya kukosha iri 1.28%.
B: The sundries Cu yeWCA, WCB neWCC mienzaniso: 0.50% mu77, yakagadziridzwa kusvika 0.30% mu2001; Cr: 0.40% mu77 uye 0.50% muna 2001; Mo: Yaive 0.25% mu'77 uye 0.20% muna 2001.
C: The residue element synthesis inofanira kuva shoma pane kana kuenzana ne 1.0%. Muna 2001, kana paine kabhoni yakaenzana chiyero, iyi clause haina kukodzera, uye iyo yakawanda kabhoni yakaenzana nemhando nhatu inodiwa kuve 0.5 uye kabhoni yakaenzana calculation formula.
Matambudziko akajairwa: A: Sangana nezvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvekukanda zvinofanirwa kusangana nezviyero zve organic makemikari kuumbwa, zvimiro zvemichina zvinokwirawo kune zviyero, uye *** kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, kunyanya izvo zvakasara manipulation, zvikasadaro kukuvadza welding. performance. B: Iyo organic chemikemikari inotsanangurwa mukodhi ichiri yakanyanya. Kuti uwane yakanaka welding kuita uye kuzadzisa inodiwa dhizaini mechanicha zvivakwa, zvinodikanwa kumisikidza iyo yemukati yekudzora zviyero zvezvikamu uye kuita iyo chaiyo yekupisa yekupisa maitiro ezvikamu zvekukanda uye tsvimbo dzekuyedza. Kana zvisina kudaro, kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakakandwa hazvienderani nezvinodiwa. Semuyenzaniso, WCB simbi kabhoni yemukati mwero ≤0.3%, kana iyo inonyungudutsa WCB simbi kabhoni yemukati ye 0.1% kana yakaderera kubva kuumbwa kuona inoenderana nezvinodiwa, asi zvimiro zvemichina hazvizadzise zvinodiwa. Kana iyo kabhoni yemukati yakaenzana ne0.3%, asi iyo welding performance isina kunaka, iyo kabhoni yemukati yekutonga ndiyo yakanyanya kufanira ku0.25%. Unoda kuve "yekupinda nekubuda," vamwe vanoisa mari vanoisa pachena pamberi pemitemo yekudzora kabhoni.
C: Kupisa zvikamu zvine chekuita nekabhoni simbi mavharuvhu
(a) JB/ T5300-91 “Zvishandiso zve Universal mavharuvhu” zvinoda kuti tembiricha iripo yecarbon steel mavharuvhu iri -30℃ kusvika 450℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical equipment steel universal valve adoption, test and engineering acceptance" zvinodiwa zvekabhoni simbi vharafu iripo tembiricha ye -20 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃ (kushandiswa kweiyo yakaderera miganho ye -20 ℃ ndeye kubatanidza GB150 simbi yekumanikidza mudziyo)
(c) ANSIB16 · 34 "flange uye butt welding end vharafu" kushanda kumanikidza - tembiricha yakatarwa ikozvino kukosha chiyero zvinodiwa WCB A105 (carbon simbi) iripo tembiricha siyana kusanganisira -29 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃, haigone kushandiswa pamusoro pe425 ℃ kwenguva yakareba. nguva. Solid kabhoni simbi inoita kuti graphitize inosvika 425 ℃. Special bellows valve materials Bellows,Ni-Cu alloy,Ni-Cr-Mo alloy,NI-Fe-Cr alloy, two-phase simbi, titanium nezvimwe zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvinhu,Ni-Cu alloy inenge 70%N i uye 30%Cu. nickel copper alloy yave ichizivikanwa seMonel (M onel) zita. Kuumbwa kweM onel400 alloy yakawanda inoratidzwa muTable 2. Monel alloy inonyanya kushandiswa mune isina simba oxidizing organic solvents, kunyanya hydrochloric acid, yakasimba asidhi uye mvura yegungwa inewo yakanakisa kushora kusagadzikana. Monel alloy yakanakirawo ..
Mabhero akakosha emidziyo yevharuvhu
(1)N i-Cu chiwanikwa
Nickel-copper alloy ine 70% N i uye 30% Cu yagara ichizivikanwa seM onel. Kuumbwa kweM onel400 alloy yakawanda inoratidzwa muTable 2. Monel alloy inonyanya kushandiswa mune isina simba oxidizing organic solvents, kunyanya hydrochloric acid, yakasimba asidhi uye mvura yegungwa inewo yakanakisa kushora kusagadzikana. M onel alloy inokodzerawo gasi rakaoma rehydrogen, hydrogen chloride gasi, inoenderera tembiricha yehydrogen gasi (425 ℃) uye inoenderera tembiricha yehydrogen chloride gasi (450 ℃) nezvimwe zvinhu.
Mone l iri pasi peamphoteric oxides, fluoride, uye ammonia munyu munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, uye nekudaro inoshingirira mukuora mukuderedza mhinduro. Mukuwedzera, achaita kuti intergranular corrosion kana kunyunguduka caustic soda. Iyo yakakodzera tembiricha yekushanda yeMo2nel alloy iri pazasi 480 ℃.
(2)Ni-Cr-Mo chiwanikwa
Nickel - yakavakirwa alloy ine molybdenum, inozivikanwawo seHastelloy alloy. Hastelloy C-276 alloy ine yakanakisa yakazara zvivakwa, iyo inogona kushandiswa oxidize zvinhu mumhepo uye kudzoreredza svikiro munzvimbo yechisikigo, saka inoshandiswa. C-276 alloy key wet chlorine, zvakasiyana-siyana kuderedza fluoride, sodium cyanate solution, hydrochloric acid uye kuderedza munyu, kuderera kwekushisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mhepo yemhepo sulfuric acid ine yakanaka kwazvo corrosion resistance. C-276 haina kukwana kupisa kwekudzivirira. Mushure mekufamba kwenguva yakareba mukudziya kwe650 ~ 1 090 ℃ (inodarika 10m mukati), inonamira zvisizvo masimende kana macomputer emukati, zvichitungamira mukuora mwoyo. Kuumbwa kweC-276 alloy kunoratidzwa muTable 3. Incone l625 alloy is nickel-ferric martensitic variant alloy ine chromium yakawanda (20W t% ~ 25W t%), molybdenum (8W t% ~ 10W t%), iron ( 5W t%), uye niobium (315W t% ~ 415W t%) sechinhu chekutanga chekuwedzera. Kuumbwa kunoratidzwa muTebhu 3. Kuwedzerwa kwe niobium kune 625 alloy inovandudza kupisa kwekudzivirira kushungurudza kuora. Iyo chromium yemukati yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeC-276 alloy, iyo inovandudza kushorwa kwealloy mune zvakawanda oxidizing zvinhu, senge kufashaidza sodium cyanide. 625 alloy ine molybdenum uye niobium seyakanyanya kusimbisa zvinhu zveyakaomesesa crystal kuomesa alloy, tembiricha yekushandisa kazhinji haipfuure 650 ℃. Special bellows zvinhu zvemavharuvhu
(3)NI-Fe-Cr chiwanikwa
Incoloy825 is nickel-iron-chromium fine-grain reinforced alloy ine molybdenum, mhangura uye titanium. Kuumbwa kunoratidzwa muTebhu 4. Kazhinji, kuwanda kwehuwandu hwe nickel hakusi pasi pe30%, uye huwandu hwe (nickel-iron) haisi pasi pe65%, saka 825 alloy dzimwe nguva inonzi nickel- iron base alloy. Alloy 825 inonyanya kushandiswa kune oxidation inodzivirira midhiya etching. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetitanium mune izvo zvinhu, kuvimbika kwayo kunovandudzwa, uye nekuda kweiyo yakaderera kabhoni yemukati, inoderedza kukora kunokonzerwa nekuisa simenti munzvimbo yewelding yekupisa yakakanganisika munzvimbo yekuora yekutanga. Iyo nickel yemukati yealloy inokwana kurwisa kushushikana corrosion kuputika kwemartensite. Iyo tembiricha yekushandisa ye825 kazhinji haipfuure 550 ℃, uye 650 ~ 760 ℃ inzvimbo yakakomba yekukurudzira tembiricha yemhando yezvinhu.
Inconel718 alloy ndeyekuchembera yakakwidziridzwa Ni-ferro chromium yakavakirwa modified inoenderera superalloy. Iyo inoramba iine superalloy pasimba re650 ℃ uye ine yakanaka kupisa kusagadzikana kuneta, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, kutonhora uye kupisa kurapa zvinhu. Icho chimwe chepamusoro-soro nekushisa kwepamusoro, uye kuumbwa kwayo kunoratidzwa muTebhu 4. Iyo alloy inofanira kugadzirwa pasi pechigadziro chekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, maererano nekuwedzera kwechinyakare A, l, Ti uye N b. Pamusoro pekusimbisa iyo ionic crystal, zvinhu izvi zvakare fuse ne nickel kugadzira colattice yakagadzikana uye yakaoma intermetallic makomisheni. Panguva imwecheteyo, aruminiyamu, mhangura, boron zvinhu uye kabhoni zvinogadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimenti kuti ivandudze simba rekupisa kwealloy. Simba reiyo alloy rinonyanya kutorwa kubva muchikamu chekusimbisa γ "uye shoma shoma ye γ 'yakagoverwa mu substrate, ine zvirinani zvimiro zvemichina, kurwisa ngura uye kukambaira pa650 ℃. Iyo huru yekusimbisa chikamu γ” mune alloy inoshandiswa pamusoro pe650 ℃ iri nyore kupfuudzwa uye kushandurwa kuita δ chikamu, icho chinogona kuderedza kana kusashanda iyo alloy zvivakwa.
(4) maviri-chikamu simbi
Duplex simbi isina tsvina inoumbwa nemartensite uye metallography inenge 50% imwe neimwe, kutaridzika kwemartensite kunoderedza brittle fracture uye alkali embrittlement yehigh chromium ferrite simbi, uye inovandudza ductility ye duplex simbi. Iyo microstructure yemartensitic simbi inovandudza goho resimba, kusagadzikana corrosion kuramba uye intergranular corrosion resistance.
Simbi yezvikamu zviviri ine kurwisana kwakasimba kumanikidziro ekuputika kwekuputika mu fluoride uye sulfate, iyo yakanyatsokunda dambudziko risingabatsiri resimbi yakaderera inokonzerwa nekuora kwenharaunda. Kuumbwa kweSA F2205 biphase simbi mukudiwa kukuru kunoratidzwa muTebhurari 5. Nyaya yacho ine ductility tembiricha zone ye475 ℃, uye tembiricha yekushandisa kazhinji haipfuuri 300 ℃. Mavharuvhu anoshandiswa mumakirasi akati wandei ezvakakosha mabhero echishanu
(5) Titanium
Titanium imhando yesimbi ine yakasimba passivation tendency, iri nyore kuratidza neokisijeni uye kugadzira oxide layer pamusoro. Mune midhiya yakawanda inoodza, rudzi urwu rweoxyde layer yakanyatsogadzikana, yakaoma kunyungudika, kunyangwe ikakuvadzwa, chero paine oxygen yakakwana, inogona kukurumidza kupora yega. Naizvozvo, titanium ine yakanakisa corrosion kuramba mukudzikisira uye kusarerekera midhiya. Kuumbwa kwetitanium alloy TA 2 inogadzirwa mumaindasitiri inoratidzwa muTable 6. Mavharuvhu anoshandisa mvuto yezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha.
ASME yakaseta tembiricha yekushandisa yekusiyana-yakagadzirwa titanium alloys uye yakaderera-alloy titanium alloys pa316 ℃.
Kuumba maitiro
Iyo nzira yekutonhora kuumba kugadzirwa kwemabhero ne hydraulic press inopa kuti zvinhu zvine purasitiki yakanaka, uye kusimba kwakasimba uye kusimba kwesimba kunowanikwa neinotevera kugadzirisa nzira. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasarudzika hazvina hunhu hwakadaro, izvo zvinounza mamwe matambudziko pakugadzira uye kugadzira mabhero. Semuenzaniso, maviri-phase simbi ine yakakwira tensile simba (tensile simba/compressive simba), hombe inotonhora-yakaumbwa springback simba kupfuura 300 series yakaderera-alloy simbi, uye zvakanyanya kuoma kuomarara maitiro kupfuura 300 series low-alloy simbi. Kana iyo dhayamita dhayamita uye zita reshiyo dhayamita inodarika imwe kukosha, mabhero anofanira kuumbwa nekaviri kuumba uye kaviri kurapwa kwekuchembera. Saizvozvo, simba rekumanikidza retitanium harina pedyo zvakanyanya sesimba rekusimba, uye chimiro chinoshanduka zvisina kunaka kana mavhuvhu akaumbwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiyero pakati pesimba rekuti titanium uye elastic kufa yakakura, izvo zvinoita kuti kusimba kwetitanium kuumba kusimba. Zvakaoma kufanotaura uye kuyera simba rebound remabhero rakagadzirwa nechinhu ichi, uye zvakare zvakaoma kusangana nekutanga dhizaini chirongwa maererano nenzira yekuvhiya epurasitiki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune zvimwe zvakasarudzika zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa mukugadzira mabhero asi hazviwani kushandiswa kwakapararira. Vatengi mukushandiswa kwemabhero, vanofanirwa kupa kutarisisa kwakazara kune vharafu yepakati corrosion performance, tembiricha, kushanda nesimba, nesezvinogoneka kusarudza kuita kuri nani kwezvinhu.
Welding maitiro emagetsi welding
Iyo isina musono simbi chubhu billet kana longitudinal weld yemupombi ine corrugated ye hydraulic press inogadzirwa ne welded pombi zvinhu. Iko kusimba kwesimba uye kurebesa kwebutt weld kwakafanana neiyo yepakutanga zvinhu. Magetsi welding mabhero anogadzirwa nekumoneredza iyo inotonhora-yakadzvanywa annular valve plate mukati nekunze kwayo. Valve ine mabhero pamativi ese ehuzhinji inoda kushandisa akasiyana siyana mafomu uye flange kana chigaro zvinhu zvakaita sewelding, zvikamu zvakadaro uye dzimwe nguva mabhero zvinhu hazvina kufanana. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zvevharuvhu mabhero pachezvazvo zvinofanirwa kuve zvirinani emagetsi welding kuita, uye chigaro chevharuvhu uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinofanirwa kunge zvine malleable welding. Uye mabhero welding zvikamu zvinofanirwa kunge zviri kure sezvinobvira kusarudza chinhu chimwe chete chine mabhero kana kuita padhuze, yakanaka malleability yezvinhu zvakasiyana.