Ndi miyeso yotani yokonzekera bwino mapaipi ndi mavavu? Chifukwa chiyani mavavu a pachipata amaletsedwa kuti azipaka mpweya

Ndi miyeso yotani yokonzekera bwino mapaipi ndi mavavu? Chifukwa chiyani mavavu a pachipata amaletsedwa kuti azipaka mpweya

1. Musanayambe kukonza, m'pofunika kutsimikizira kuti valve, pipeline ndi dongosolo ndizokhazikika, ndipo dongosolo lomwe valve ndi payipi zilili zikhoza kukonzedwa pokhapokha mutatulutsa madzi ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa zero. Podula chitoliro, chitoliro chodulidwa chiyenera kutsekedwa mu nthawi kuti chiteteze zinyalala. Akamayimba, ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala magalasi oteteza, ndipo mayendedwe aku Mars asamayime. Zomwe zidasinthidwa ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zinthuzo ndikukhala ndi satifiketi yoyenerera isanagwiritsidwe ntchito popewa zinthu zolakwika. Pokonza payipi ya soda ndi ufa wa mphepo, payipi yakale imadulidwa, payipi yatsopano, yowonjezera yowonjezera ndi chigongono zimayikidwa ndikukwezedwa, ndipo gawo lapansi ndiloletsedwa kuti liyime ndikudutsa powotcherera, kuti mupewe kuvulala, kuwotcha. ndi scald.
2, tulutsani mphamvu yamutu wamagetsi a valve, gwero la mpweya wa mutu wa pneumatic, ndikupachika chizindikiro chochenjeza. Mukachotsa mutu wamagetsi ndi pneumatic, masulani bolt ndikuchikweza pang'onopang'ono pansi ndi chokweza, ndikuchiyika. Pambuyo KUSANGALALA, zigawo za VALVE ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo omwe asankhidwa, ndipo pansi payenera kuikidwa ndi mphira wa rabara kuti zisawonongeke zipangizo ndi nthaka. Pomamasula VALVE flange BOLT, WOGWIRITSA NTCHITO SAloledwa kuyima pamphepete mwa flange, ngati pali kuvulala kotsalira kwa soda. Paipi yamalasha yophwanyidwa isanayime, malasha ophwanyidwa mupaipiyo ayenera kuwomberedwa bwino kuti apewe kuyaka kochitika kwa ufa.
3. Pamaso pa msonkhano, malo ophatikizana a valve core ndi mpando wa valve adzayang'aniridwa ndi oyenerera pamaso pa msonkhano. Posonkhanitsa, tiyenera kuyeretsa zigawo zovomerezeka ndi zigawo zake, motsatira ndondomeko ya ndondomekoyi, kuti tipewe kutaya ndi kusokoneza. The akupera mpando valavu ndi spool ayenera mosamalitsa kutsatira ndondomeko coarse, zabwino ndi zabwino. M'malo mwa sandpaper yopukutira, zida zopera ziyenera kuyikidwa patsogolo kuti mtedza ndi zinthu zina zamtundu wina zisagwere mu chipolopolo cha valve.
Njira zamaukadaulo pakukonza mapaipi ndi ma valve
1. Pambuyo pokonza valavu m'deralo, kuyesa kwa hydraulic kumachitika pamodzi ndi thupi la boiler. Ndege yopangira mano iyenera kukhala yosalala popanda zizindikiro za silika, ming'alu, ndi zina zotero, kupanga zodzaza ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zosawononga. Cholumikiziracho chizikhala 45 °, chokhazikika cha 1200. Kuyeretsa ndi fufuzani tsinde valavu ndi kulongedza bokosi, kupukuta ndi sandpaper, kulongedza bokosi khoma ayenera kukhala woyera, kulongedza mpando ayenera kukhala woyera popanda zipsera, elliptical ayenera kukhala 2, chipolopolocho chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika, cholumikizira cholumikizira chiyenera kukhala chosalala, chopanda ma grooves, zipsera, kuchotsa maenje, maenje, silika, kuti akwaniritse zowoneka bwino, zosalala, zolimba za 0,2, kusindikiza pamwamba popanda chilema. Mpando wonyamula pamwamba ndi wosalala komanso wosawononga, palibe dzimbiri. Mpira wachitsulo ndi wosasunthika ndipo uyenera kuzungulira mosinthasintha. Mpando wa valve ndi khoma lamkati la manja amkuwa liyenera kukhala losalala komanso lopanda burr, ndipo elliptical ya manja iyenera kukhala 3, kusiyana pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi chivundikiro chapansi pansi pa spool ndi 0.2mm, kusiyana pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi mpando wa valve ndi 0.3-0.4mm, kusiyana pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi chivundikiro chonyamula ndi mpando wonyamula. ndi 0.15-0.20mm, kusiyana pakati pa chivundikiro cha valve ndi mpando wa valve ndi 0.2-0.3mm, kusiyana pakati pa makina ochapira ndi chivundikiro cha valve ndi mpando wa valve ndi 1.0-1.2mm, kusiyana pakati pa gland ndi mpando ndi 0.5- 1.0 mm.
4, tsinde la valve mu kasinthasintha wa spool liyenera kukhala losinthika, mmwamba ndi pansi lotayirira 0.05mm, spool pampando wa valve wosinthasintha. Sipadzakhala pakamwa molakwika papaipi, ndipo mkati mwa payipiyo muzikhala wosalala ndipo msoko wowotcherera udzadzazidwa. Pochotsa, pakamwa pawaya kuyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisawonongeke, chosinthira chimakhala chosinthika, ndipo palibe kutayikira kwamkati. Lamba wolumikizana ayenera kukhala wopitilira ndi wofanana kupitirira 2/3 ya m'lifupi, ndipo pali mzere wosindikiza mosalekeza. Mphete ya tetra iyenera kuyikidwa mu poyambira, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa mbali zinayi kukhale kofanana. Ma disc omwe ali mumpando wa vavu akusuntha chilolezo chiyenera kusungidwa mu 1-1.5 mm.
Chifukwa chiyani mavavu a pachipata amaletsedwa kuti azipaka mpweya
Mogwirizana ndi "GB 16912-1997 Oxygen ndi malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha gasi" pazitsulo za valve: kuthamanga kuli kwakukulu kuposa 0.1mpa, ndikoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yachipata, 0.1mpAP0.6mpa, valve disc ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, 0.6 mpAP10mpa, zitsulo zonse zosapanga dzimbiri kapena valavu ya aloyi yamkuwa,
P
Pamene 10 mpa
, aloyi onse amkuwa.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa okosijeni, anthu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa okosijeni akugwiritsa ntchito potumiza mapaipi a okosijeni. Chifukwa cha payipi yayitali, kufalikira kwakukulu, komanso kutseguka kofulumira kapena valavu yotseka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti paipi ya oxygen ndi ngozi zoyaka moto zichitike nthawi ndi nthawi, kotero, *** kusanthula mapaipi a oxygen ndi chitseko chozizira chomwe chilipo zoopsa zobisika, zoopsa, ndipo kuchitapo kanthu kofananira ndikofunikira.
Choyamba, angapo wamba mpweya payipi, valavu kuyaka chifukwa kusanthula
1. Dzimbiri, fumbi ndi kuwotcherera slag mu mikangano mapaipi ndi khoma lamkati la payipi kapena valavu doko, kuchititsa kuyaka kwakukulu.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa zonyansa, kukula kwa tinthu ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Iron ufa ndi yosavuta kuwotcha ndi mpweya, ndi bwino tinthu kukula, m'munsi poyatsira mfundo; Kuthamanga kwa gasi, m'pamenenso kumayaka.
2. Pali mafuta, mphira ndi zinthu zina zokhala ndi poyatsira pang'ono mupaipi kapena valavu, zomwe zimayaka kutentha kwambiri komweko.
Poyatsira zinthu zingapo zoyatsira mu oxygen (pamlengalenga):
Dzina la malo oyatsira mafuta (℃)
Mafuta opaka 273 ~ 305
Vulcanized fiber mat 304
mphira 130 ~ 170
Fluorine rabara 474
Zogwirizana ndi 392 b
Teflon 507
3. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuponderezedwa kwa adiabatic kumayambitsa zoyaka moto
Mwachitsanzo, valavu isanakhale 15MPa, kutentha ndi 20 ℃, ndipo kupanikizika kumbuyo kwa valve ndi 0.1mpa. Ngati valavu yatsegulidwa mwamsanga, kutentha kwa mpweya pambuyo pa valavu kumatha kufika 553 ℃ molingana ndi adiabatic compression formula, yomwe yafika kapena kupitirira poyatsira zinthu zina.
4. Kuchepetsa poyatsira zinthu zomwe zitha kuyaka mumphamvu ya okosijeni wangwiro ndiko kuchititsa kuyaka kwa valavu ya oxygen.
Paipi ya okosijeni ndi valavu mu mpweya wabwino wa okosijeni, chiwopsezo chake ndi chachikulu kwambiri, kuyesa kwatsimikizira kuti moto wa *** ukhoza kukhala wosiyana molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri payipi ya okosijeni ndi valavu.
Chachiwiri, njira zodzitetezera
1. Mapangidwewo azitsatira malamulo ndi miyezo yoyenera
Mapangidwewo akuyenera kutsatira Unduna wa Zazitsulo wa 1981 woperekedwa ndi Iron and Steel Enterprise oxygen pipe network ya malamulo angapo, komanso malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mpweya ndi mpweya wokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha gasi (GB16912-1997), "code design ya oxygen" (GB50030- 91) ndi malamulo ena ndi miyezo.
(1) Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mpweya mu chitoliro cha carbon zitsulo chiyenera kugwirizana ndi tebulo ili.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mpweya mu chitoliro cha carbon steel:
Kupanikizika kwantchito (MPa) 0.1 0.1 ~ 0.6 0.6 ~ 1.6 1.6 ~ 3.0
Kuthamanga (m/s) 20, 13, 10, 8
(2) Pofuna kupewa moto, gawo la aloyi yamkuwa kapena chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi kutalika kosachepera 5 kutalika kwa chitoliro ndi osachepera 1.5m chiyenera kulumikizidwa kuseri kwa vavu ya okosijeni.
(3) Chigongongono ndi mutu wa bifurcation ziyenera kukhala zochepa momwe zingathere mupaipi ya okosijeni. Chigongono cha payipi ya okosijeni yokhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito yopitilira 0.1mpa iyenera kupangidwa ndi valavu yamtundu wa flange. Mayendedwe a mpweya wa mutu wa bifurcation ayenera kukhala ma angles 45 mpaka 60 kuchokera kumbali ya mpweya waukulu.
(4) Mu kuwotcherera matako a concave-otukukirani flange, mkuwa kuwotcherera waya ntchito ngati O-mphete, amene ndi odalirika kusindikiza mawonekedwe a mpweya flange ndi kuyaka.
(5) Paipi ya okosijeni iyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chabwino choyendetsa, kukana kwapansi kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 10, kukana pakati pa flanges kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 0,03.
(6) Mapeto a payipi yaikulu ya okosijeni mu msonkhano ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya kuti athe kuyeretsa ndi kubwezeretsa payipi ya okosijeni. Paipi ya okosijeni yayitali isanalowe mu valavu yoyendetsera msonkhano, fyuluta iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
2. Kusamala Kuyika
(1) magawo onse okhudzana ndi okosijeni ayenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, kuchotsedwa ndi mpweya wouma kapena nayitrogeni popanda mafuta.
(2) kuwotcherera kudzakhala kuwotcherera kwa argon arc kapena kuwotcherera kwa arc.
3. Kusamala pogwira ntchito
(1) Poyatsa ndi kuzimitsa valavu ya oxygen, iyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuyima pambali pa valve ndikutsegula kamodzi.
(2) Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni kupaka mapaipi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kuyesa kutayikira ndi kuthamanga.
(3) Kukhazikitsa dongosolo la matikiti ogwirira ntchito, ntchito isanachitike, njira, mikhalidwe yofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane ndi zoperekedwa.
(4) Ma valve opangidwa ndi okosijeni okhala ndi m'mimba mwake kuposa 70mm amaloledwa kugwira ntchito pokhapokha kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa valve kumachepetsedwa kukhala osachepera 0.3mpa.
4. Kusamala pakukonza
(1) Paipi ya okosijeni iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kusamalidwa pafupipafupi, kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi kupenta, zaka 3 mpaka 5 zilizonse.
(2) Vavu yachitetezo ndi geji yopimira paipiyo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, kamodzi pachaka.
(3) Sinthani chipangizo choyatsira pansi.
(4) Asanayambe ntchito yotentha, m'malo ndi kuyeretsa kuyenera kuchitika. Pamene mpweya wokwanira mu mpweya wowombedwa ndi 18% ~ 23%, umayenerera.
(5) Vavu, flange, gasket ndi chitoliro, kusankha koyenera kwa chitoliro kuyenera kutsata "Malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mpweya wa oxygen" (GB16912-1997).
(6) Khazikitsani mafayilo aukadaulo, kuyendetsa sitima, kukonzanso ndi kukonza antchito.
5. Njira zina zotetezera
(1) Kupititsa patsogolo kufunikira kwa ogwira ntchito yomanga, kukonza ndi kuyendetsa ntchito ku chitetezo.
(2) kupititsa patsogolo kusamala kwa ogwira ntchito.
(3) Kukweza mlingo wa sayansi ndi luso lamakono.
(4) Pitirizani kukonza dongosolo loperekera mpweya.
Pomaliza:
Chifukwa chomwe valve yachipata imaletsedwera kwenikweni chifukwa kusindikiza pamwamba pa valavu yachipata mu kayendetsedwe kachibale (ndiko kuti, kusintha kwa valve) kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa abrasion chifukwa cha kukangana, kamodzi kowonongeka, pali ufa wachitsulo kuchokera pamwamba pa kusindikiza. , tinthu tating'ono totere ta ufa wachitsulo ndi zosavuta kuwotcha, izi ndiye ngozi yeniyeni.
M'malo mwake, payipi ya okosijeni imaletsedwa kulowa pachipata, ma valve ena oyimitsa amakhala ndi ngozi, malo osindikizira a valve oyimitsa adzawonongeka, zomwe zingakhale zowopsa, zomwe mabizinesi ambiri amakumana nazo ndikuti mapaipi a oxygen onse amagwiritsa ntchito valavu yamkuwa. , osati chitsulo cha carbon, valve yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Valve ya Copper alloy ili ndi ubwino wa mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kukana kuvala, chitetezo chabwino (sichimapanga magetsi osasunthika), choncho chifukwa chenichenicho ndi chifukwa chakuti kusindikiza pamwamba pa valve yachipata kumakhala kosavuta kuvala ndi kupanga chitsulo ndicho chifukwa chachikulu, monga pakuti kuchepa kwa kusindikiza sichinsinsi.
M'malo mwake, chipata cha payipi ya okosijeni sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngozi, nthawi zambiri chimawonekera kumbali zonse ziwiri za kusiyana kwa valavu ndikukulirakulira, valavu imatseguka mwachangu, ngozi zambiri zikuwonetsanso kuti gwero loyatsira ndi mafuta ndiye chifukwa chakumapeto, kuletsa. valavu pachipata ndi njira yokhayo kulamulira mafuta, ndi dzimbiri, degreasing, mafuta oletsedwa nthawi zonse ndi ofanana, cholinga cha Monga ulamuliro otaya mlingo, kuchita ntchito yabwino electrostatic grounding ndi kuthetsa gwero la moto. . Payekha kuganiza kuti valavu zinthu ndi zinthu, pa chitoliro wa haidrojeni kuonekanso mavuto ofanana, specifications latsopano mawu adzalepheretse chipata kuchotsedwa, ndi pangano, chinsinsi kupeza chifukwa, makampani ambiri chabe mosasamala kanthu kuthamanga ntchito, amakakamizika. ndi valavu yamkuwa aloyi, koma monga ngozi zina zimachitika, kotero kulamulira moto ndi mafuta, kusamalira mosamala, Chinsinsi ndi kumangitsa chingwe chitetezo.