I-Copper ne-alloy alloy forgings yezinto ze-valve

I-Copper ne-alloy alloy forgings yezinto ze-valve

Inani lenhlanganisela yemikhiqizo yomumo ofanayo, yohlobo olufanayo noma yengxubevange efanayo nesimo se-material kanye nogqinsi olufanayo noma ingxenye esetshenziselwa ukuhlola (ukuhlola). Ukuhlonzwa komkhiqizo kunikeza uhlelo lokuqamba amagama oluncishisiwe, lapho incazelo yomkhiqizo ingadluliswa ngokushesha nangokucacile, ukuze imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zesikali esihambisanayo sase-Europe iqondwe ngokulinganayo ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, uma iqembu eli-odayo lidinga ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-tensile, kufanele kube kumbuzo nokuhleleka kwamandla amancane okudonsa, 0. 2% amandla esivuno…

ububanzi

Lesi sikali sichaza ukwakheka, izimfuneko zokusebenza kanye nokubekezelela kobukhulu kanye nokubekezelela kwe-copper ne-alloy alloy die kanye nama-forgings amahhala. Izinqubo zamasampula, izindlela zokuhlola kanye nesimo sokulethwa kuchazwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nalesi sikali.

Idokhumenti yereferensi evamile

Imigomo kumadokhumenti alandelayo iba imigomo yalesi sikali ngokubhekisela kulesi sikali. Ezicashunweni ezinedethi, zonke izichibiyelo ezalandela (ngaphandle kwamaphutha) noma ukubuyekezwa azisebenzi eMnyangweni. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu avunyelwene ngaphansi kwalesi simiso akhuthazwa ukuthi ahlole ukutholakala kwalezo zinguqulo. Noma yiliphi ifayela eliyisithenjwa elingenadethi inguqulo yalo ifanele lesi sikali.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Metal Brinell — Ingxenye 1: Izindlela zokuhlola (GB/T 231.1-2002, eqv ISO 6506-1; 1999).

I-GB/T 1182 Ukubekezelelwa okujwayelekile, izincazelo, izimpawu nemidwebo yokubukeka nesikhundla (GB/T 1182-1996,eqv ISO 1101:1996)

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Metallic Vickers — Ingxenye 1: Izindlela zokuhlola (GB/T 4340.1 –1999, eqv ISO 6507-1; 1997).

I-GB/T 10119 yethusi - Ukunqunywa kokumelana ne-deszincing (GB/T 10119-1988,eqv ISO 6509:1981)

I-TS EN 1655 Ukucaciswa kokuhambisana kwe-alloys yethusi neyethusi

I-TS EN 1976 Ithusi ne-alloys yethusi - ukubunjwa kwethusi okuluhlaza

I-TS EN 10002-1 Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tensile kwezinto zensimbi - Ingxenye 1: Izindlela zokuhlola (emazingeni okushisa akhona)

I-EN 10204 Izinhlobo zemibhalo yokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo yensimbi

I-TS EN ISO 196 Ukunqunywa kwengcindezi eyinsalela kuma-alloys ethusi acutshunguliwe - I-Mercury (1) ukuhlolwa kwe-nitrate (ISO196:1978)

I-TS EN ISO 1811-2 Ukukhethwa nokulungiswa kwamasampula okuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali e-alloys yethusi neyethusi - Ingxenye z: Isampula yemikhiqizo ephonswe kanye nokusakazwa - I-TS EN ISO 6957 Copper alloys - Ukuhlolwa kwe-ammonia ukumelana nokuguguleka kwengcindezi

Qaphela: Izinkomba ezinikeziwe zalesi sikali kanye nalezo ezicashunwe lapho kufaneleka kulolu hlelo zifakwe ohlwini lwezincwadi ezikuSithasiselo A.

incazelo

Izincazelo ezilandelayo ziyasebenza kulesi sikali.

ukuqamba

Kuyashisa ukwakha umkhiqizo ngokuwushaya ngesando noma ngokucindezela.

Ukufa ngokukhohlisa

Umkhiqizo uphonswe esikhunjeni esivaliwe.

Ukuqamba mahhala

Umkhiqizo uphonswe esikhunjeni esivulekile.

Ukuqamba okungenalutho

Umkhiqizo ofakwe endaweni evaliwe ene-pellets.

Indawo yokuhlola

Inani lenhlanganisela yemikhiqizo yomumo ofanayo, yohlobo olufanayo noma yengxubevange efanayo nesimo se-material kanye nogqinsi olufanayo noma ingxenye esetshenziselwa ukuhlola (ukuhlola).

ukuhlonza

impahla

Isimiso esijwayelekile

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziqanjwe ngezimpawu noma amakhodi (bheka Ithebula 1 kuya kuThebula 8).

uphawu

Ukuqanjwa kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo kusekelwe ohlelweni olunikezwe ku-ISO 1190-1.

Qaphela: Nakuba ukuhlonza uphawu olubalulekile kulesi sikali kungase kufane nezinye izikali kusetshenziswa isistimu yokuqamba amagama ye-ISO 1190-1, izidingo zokwakheka ezinemininingwane akumele zifane.

Igama lekhodi

Ikhodi yezinto ezibonakalayo iqanjwe ngokwesistimu ku-EN1412.

Isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo

Amagama alandelayo wezinhlelo ku-EN1173 asetshenziswa njengezimo zezinto zalesi sikali:

M Isimo sempahla yomkhiqizo ongakwazi ukukhiqizwa;

H hlukanisa imikhiqizo ngezidingo zobulukhuni futhi ubize isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuya ngezidingo zobulukhuni obuncane;

U-S(isijobelelo) sisho isimo esibalulekile somkhiqizo odambisa ingcindezi.

Inothi 1: Imikhiqizo enesimo sika-H ingahlukaniswa ngokuthi i-Vickers noma ubulukhuni be-Brinell, futhi ukuqokwa kwesimo sika-H kuyafana nendlela yokuhlola yakho kokubili ubulukhuni.

Inothi 2: Ukuze wehlise ingcindezi eyinsalela, uthuthukise ukumelana komkhiqizo ekugugulekeni kwengcindezi futhi uthuthukise ukuqina kwawo kobukhulu ngemva kokucubungula, imikhiqizo esesimweni se-M noma H ingase iphathwe ngendlela ekhethekile (isb. ukususa ukucindezelwa komshini noma okushisayo) [bona isihloko 5 g. ), i-athikili 5 h) kanye no-8.4)]

Isihlonzi esisodwa kulezi ezingenhla sisetshenziswa ukubiza isimo sento, ngaphandle uma kusetshenziswa isijobelelo esingu-S.

umkhiqizo

Ukuhlonzwa komkhiqizo kunikeza uhlelo lokuqamba amagama oluncishisiwe, lapho incazelo yomkhiqizo ingadluliswa ngokushesha nangokucacile, ukuze imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zesikali esihambisanayo sase-Europe iqondwe ngokulinganayo ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuhlonzwa komkhiqizo akukwazi ukumiselela konke okuqukethwe kwesikali.

Ukuhlonza umkhiqizo okuhilelekile kulesi sikali kuzoqukatha okuqukethwe okulandelayo:

- Igama (izinombolo);

- Inombolo yesikali (GB/T 20078-2006);

– Ukuhlonza impahla, okuhlanganisa izimpawu noma amakhodi (bheka Ithebula 1 kanye neThebula 8);

- Ukuhlonza isimo esibalulekile (bheka Ithebula 10-12)

Ukuhlonza umkhiqizo kwenziwa njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.

Isibonelo: Izinto eziqanjiwe ezihambisana nalesi sikali, ezinenkomba yezinto ezibonakalayo i-CuZn39Pb3 noma CW614N isimo se-H080, zizokhonjwa kanje:

Oda ulwazi

Ukuze kube lula ukubuza, inqubo yoku-oda kufanele iqinisekiswe phakathi kweqembu eli-oda kanye nomphakeli. Iqembu eli-odayo kufanele lisho embuzweni futhi lihlele ukuthi izithako ezilandelayo ezidingekayo kufanele zihambisane nezinto ezihambisanayo ezinikezwe kuThebula 1~ Ithebula lesi-8.

Qaphela: Ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezichazwe kulesi sikali ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ekumelaneni nokuguga, izinga lokushisa lokusakaza, kanye nokucindezeleka okwakhiwa ku-die, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu wonke anezici ezifanayo zokusebenza ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ukuze abonise ukutholakala kwawo. Izinto zesigaba A ngokuvamile bezinokutholakala okuphezulu kunezinto zeSigaba B (bona Ithebula 9).

Umsebenzi wemishini

ubulukhuni

Umsebenzi wokuqina uzohlangabezana nezidingo ezihambisanayo kuThebula 10-12.

U-oda kufanele asho ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuhlola okufanele isetshenziswe. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezindlela ezifanele ezichazwe kuSigatshana 8.2.

Kuma-forging enziwe ngezinto ze-Class, umsebenzi wokuqina uzoba ngaphansi kwesivumelwano seqembu eli-odayo kanye nomphakeli.

Umsebenzi we-tensile

Umsebenzi wokuqina odingekayo awuchazwanga kulesi sikali. Amanani * akubakaki kuThebula 10 kuya kuThebula 12 angokwereferensi.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, uma iqembu eli-oda lidinga ukuhlola umsebenzi we-tensile, kufanele kube amandla amancane okudonsa, 0. 2% amandla okukhiqiza ngesikhathi sokubuza nokuhleleka.

Nobude, indawo yesampula nosayizi, nesilinganiso sesampula (bona art. 5 k)}. Kulokhu, amanani okuqina * asohlwini lwamaThebula 10 kuya ku-12 angokwereferensi.

Ukufojwa kwengxube yethusi neyethusi yezinto ze-valve (ii) kusetshenziswa izinto ze-Class A ezisohlwini lweThebula 13 kuzofanelana namandla emoto ashiwo kuThebula 13. Ngokukhwabanisa kusetshenziswa izinto ze-Class B ezisohlwini lweThebula 9, uma amandla emoto edingeka, kufanele kuvunyelwane phakathi kweqembu eli-odayo kanye neqembu labaphakeli. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, lo mkhiqizo we-alloy ungashiswa ku-470 ℃~-550 ℃. Uma umsebenzisi edinga ukushisisa okokusebenza kube ngaphezu kuka-530℃, umphakeli kufanele athintwe ukuze athole iseluleko. Ukubekezelela kobukhulu kanye nokubekezelelana kwekhonta kuzolandela ukubekezelela okuchazwe kulesi sikali. Uma ukubekezelelana kungaboniswa emdwebeni, inani lokubekezelela elinikezwe kulesi sikali lisetshenziswa.

Ukuxhuma: I-Copper ne-alloy forgings yezinto zokwakha ze-valve (I)

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, uma iqembu eli-oda lidinga ukuhlola umsebenzi we-tensile, kufanele kube amandla amancane okudonsa, 0. 2% amandla okukhiqiza ngesikhathi sokubuza nokuhleleka.

Nobude, indawo yesampula kanye nosayizi wesampula, kanye nesilinganiso samasampula (bona ubuciko. 5 k). Kulokhu, amanani okuqina * asohlwini lwamaThebula 10 kuya ku-12 angokwereferensi.

Amandla emoto

Ama-forging enziwe ngezinto ze-Class A ezisohlwini lweThebula le-13 azohambisana namandla emoto ashiwo kuThebula 13. Emakhombeni enziwe ngezinto ze-Class B ezisohlwini lweThebula lesi-9, uma amandla emoto edingeka, kufanele kuvunyelwane phakathi kweqembu eli-odayo kanye umphakeli.

Ukunciphisa ukumelana

- Okwezinto ze-Class A: kukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa ne-200μm;

- Okwezinto ezisetshenziswayo Zekilasi B: ngokulinganayo angeqi ku-200μm futhi ngokuqhathaniswa amakhulu ngo-400μm[(bona Isigaba S i)]

Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana neSigaba 8.5.

Qaphela: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, lo mkhiqizo wengxubevange ungacutshungulwa ebangeni elingu-470℃~-550℃. Uma umsebenzisi edinga ukushisisa okokusebenza ngaphezu kuka-530℃, umphakeli kufanele athintwe ukuze athole iseluleko.

Ingcindezi eyinsalela

Ama-Forging a-odelwe izimo ezingenaso ingcindezi (bona Inothi 2 ku-4.2) ngeke abonise ama-crack marks ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana no-8. 6.

Ukufa ngokudala ukubekezelelana

Isimiso esijwayelekile

Ukubekezelela okuchaziwe kusebenza kuzo zonke izinto ze-Class A kanye ne-Class B ezisohlwini lweThebula 9. Imakwe emdwebeni wokufojitha

Ukubekezelela kobukhulu kanye nokubekezelelana kwekhonta kuzolandela ukubekezelela okuchazwe kulesi sikali. Uma ukubekezelelana kungaboniswa emdwebeni, inani lokubekezelela elinikezwe kulesi sikali lisetshenziswa.

Qaphela 1; Kunconywa ukuthi izinkomba zalesi sikali ziboniswe emdwebeni

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zobukhulu okufanele zihlukaniselwe ukubumba ifa

a) Ubukhulu bomgodi wokufa amakwe kumojula ephelele ngokuya ngokuma kwe-forging, futhi akuhambisani komunye nomunye, bheka usayizi n kuMfanekiso 1.

Qaphela 2: Lawa mamojula akhiwe ingxenye eyodwa neyingqayizivele noma izingxenye ezimbalwa ezinganyakazi kwenye.

b) Usayizi womugqa wokufa owedlulele ususelwa kukufa okubili noma ngaphezulu okunyakazisanayo, bheka usayizi t kuMfanekiso 2

Inothi 3: Umfanekiso wesi-3 ukhombisa i-die forging ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa isikhunta esikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 1 kanye noMfanekiso 2.

Izibonelelo zomshini ezinconyiwe kanye nezinto ezengeziwe zikhonjiswe ku-B.3.10 kanye neThebula B.6