Ubhedu kunye nobhedu lwe-alloy forgings yezixhobo zevalve

Ubhedu kunye nobhedu lwe-alloy forgings yezixhobo zevalve

Inani leendibaniselwano zeemveliso ezikwimilo efanayo, yohlobo olufanayo okanye yealloyi efanayo kunye nemeko yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobukhulu obufanayo okanye icandelo elisetyenziselwa ukuhlola (uvavanyo). Ukuchongwa kwemveliso kubonelela ngeskimu samagama esincitshisiweyo, apho inkcazo yemveliso inokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo, ukuze iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zesikali esihambelanayo saseYurophu ziqondwe ngokufanayo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Phantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, ukuba iqela lokuodola lifuna ukuvavanywa komsebenzi we-tensile, kufuneka libe kumbuzo kunye nomyalelo wamandla amancinci, i-0. 2% ivelisa amandla ...

uluhlu

Esi sikali sichaza ukubunjwa, iimfuno zokusebenza kunye nokunyamezelana kwedimensional kunye necontour yobhedu kunye nobhedu lwealloy die kunye nokufogina simahla. Iinkqubo zesampulu, iindlela zovavanyo kunye nobume bokuhanjiswa zichazwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwesi sikali.

Uxwebhu lwereferensi oluqhelekileyo

Imiqathango kula maxwebhu alandelayo iba yimiqathango yesikali ngokubhekisele kwesi sikali. Kwiingcaphulo zomhla, zonke izilungiso ezilandelayo (kungabandakanywanga iimpazamo) okanye uhlaziyo alusebenzi kwiSebe. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela avunyelweneyo phantsi kwale migaqo ayakhuthazwa ukuba ahlolisise ukufumaneka kweenguqulelo ezinjalo. Nayiphi na ifayile yereferensi engenamhla egama layo lifanelekile kwesi sikali.

Iimvavanyo zobulukhuni beMetal Brinell - Icandelo 1: Iindlela zokuvavanya (GB/T 231.1-2002, eqv ISO 6506-1; 1999).

I-GB / T 1182 Ukunyamezela ngokubanzi, iinkcazo, iisimboli kunye nemizobo yembonakalo kunye nesikhundla (GB / T 1182-1996,eqv ISO 1101: 1996)

Iimvavanyo ze-Metallic Vickers Hardness - Icandelo 1: Iindlela zokuvavanya (GB/T 4340.1 -1999, eqv ISO 6507-1; 1997).

I-GB / T 10119 yobhedu - Ukuzimisela ukuchasana ne-deszincing (GB / T 10119-1988, eqv ISO 6509: 1981)

I-EN 1655 Ukucaciswa kokuhambelana nobhedu kunye ne-alloys yobhedu

I-EN 1976 Iialloys zobhedu kunye nobhedu - ukuphoswa kobhedu ekrwada

I-TS EN 10002-1 Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile yemathiriyeli yesinyithi-Icandelo 1: Iindlela zovavanyo (kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi)

I-EN 10204 Iindidi zamaxwebhu okuhlolwa kweemveliso zetsimbi

I-TS EN ISO 196 Ukumiselwa koxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwingxubevange yobhedu kunye ne-alloys yobhedu-Mercury (1) uvavanyo lwenitrate (ISO196:1978)

I-TS EN ISO 1811-2 Ukukhethwa kunye nokulungiswa kweesampulu zohlalutyo lweekhemikhali zobhedu kunye neealloyi zobhedu-Icandelo z: Iisampulu zeemveliso ezityhidiweyo kunye nokuphosa - I-TS EN ISO 6957 iialloys zobhedu - Uvavanyo lwe-ammonia lokumelana nokhukuliseko loxinzelelo

Qaphela: Iimbekiselo ezinikelwe kwesi sikali kunye nezo zikhankanyiweyo apho kufanelekileyo kolu hlelo zidweliswe kuluhlu lweencwadi kwiSihlomelo A.

inkcazelo

Ezi nkcazelo zilandelayo ziyasebenza kwesi sikali.

ukwenza

Kushushu ukwenza imveliso ngokubethelela okanye ngokucinezela.

Yifa ngokukhohlisa

Imveliso efakwe kwi-mold evaliweyo.

Ukwenziwa mahala

Imveliso efakwe kwi-mold evulekileyo.

Ukubunjwa okungenanto

Imveliso ephoswe kwindawo evaliweyo kunye neepelisi.

Indawo yokuhlola

Inani leendibaniselwano zeemveliso ezikwimilo efanayo, yohlobo olufanayo okanye yealloyi efanayo kunye nemeko yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobukhulu obufanayo okanye icandelo elisetyenziselwa ukuhlola (uvavanyo).

ukuchongwa

impahla

Umgaqo jikelele

Izixhobo zithiywa ngeesimboli okanye iikhowudi (jonga kwiTheyibhile 1 ukuya kwiTheyibhile 8).

uphawu

Ukuthiywa kweempawu eziphathekayo kusekelwe kwinkqubo enikwe kwi-ISO 1190-1.

Qaphela: Ngelixa ukuchongwa kwesimboli yemathiriyeli kwesi sikali kunokufana nezinye izikali kusetyenziswa inkqubo yamagama ye-ISO 1190-1, iimfuno ezineenkcukacha zokwakheka akufuneki zifane.

Igama lekhowudi

Ikhowudi yezinto eziphathekayo ibizwa ngokwenkqubo ye-EN1412.

Imeko yezinto eziphathekayo

La magama alandelayo eenkqubo kwi-EN1173 asetyenziswa njengezinto eziphathekayo kwesi sikali:

M Imeko yempahla yemveliso engenakho ukwenziwa;

H delimit iimveliso kunye neemfuno zobulukhuni kwaye ubize imeko yezinto ngokweemfuno zobunzima obuncinci;

I-S(isimamva) sibhekisa kwimo yempahla yemveliso ethomalalisa uxinzelelo.

Qaphela i-1: Iimveliso ezinesimo se-H zingahlelwa njenge-Vickers okanye i-Brinell hardness, kwaye ukutyunjwa kwesimo se-H kufana nendlela yokuvavanya kokubili ubunzima.

Inqaku lesi-2: Ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, phucula ukuxhathisa kwemveliso kukhukuliseko loxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lwe-dimensional emva kokucutshungulwa, iimveliso ezikwimeko ye-M okanye ye-H zinokufumana unyango olukhethekileyo (umzekelo, ukususa uxinzelelo lomatshini okanye lobushushu) [jonga inqaku le-5 g. ), Inqaku lesi-5 h) no-8.4)]

Inye kuphela isazisi kwezi ngasentla sisetyenziselwa ukubiza ubume bemathiriyeli, ngaphandle kwaxa kusetyenziswe isimamva S.

imveliso

Ukuchongwa kwemveliso kubonelela ngeskimu samagama esincitshisiweyo, apho inkcazo yemveliso inokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza nangokucacileyo, ukuze iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zesikali esihambelanayo saseYurophu ziqondwe ngokufanayo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukuchongwa kwemveliso akukwazi ukuthatha indawo yomxholo wonke wesikali.

Ukuchongwa kwemveliso ebandakanyekayo kwesi sikali kuya kuba neziqulatho zilandelayo:

-Igama (igama);

- Inombolo yesikali (GB/T 20078-2006);

– Ukuchongwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kubandakanywa iisimboli okanye iikhowudi (jonga iTheyibhile 1 kunye neThebhile 8);

-Ukuchongwa kwemeko yezinto eziphathekayo (jonga kwiTheyibhile 10-12)

Ukuchongwa kwemveliso kwenziwa njengoko kuboniswe ngezantsi.

Umzekelo: Iindlela zokubunjwa ezihambelana nesi sikali, kunye nokuchongwa kwemathiriyeli CuZn39Pb3 okanye CW614N ubume bemathiriyeli H080, ziya kuchongwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Ulwazi lweodolo

Ukuze kube lula ukubuza, inkqubo yoku-odola kufuneka iqinisekiswe phakathi kweqela eli-odolayo kunye nomthengisi. Iqela eliodolayo kufuneka lichaze kumbuzo kwaye lilandelelanise ukuba ezi zithako zilandelayo kufuneka zihambelane nemathiriyeli engqinelanayo enikwe kwiTheyibhile 1 ~ Itheyibhile yesi-8.

Qaphela: Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezichazwe kwesi sikali zihluka kakhulu ekuxhathiseni ukuguqulwa, ubushushu bokuphosa, kunye noxinzelelo olwenziwe kwifa, zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu onke aneempawu ezifanayo zokusebenza kwe-thermal. Ukongezelela, amaqela ahlulwa abe ngamacandelo amabini ukubonisa ukufumaneka kwawo. Iimathiriyeli zodidi A ngokubanzi bezinokufumaneka okuphezulu kunemathiriyeli yoDidi B (jonga kwiTheyibhile 9).

Umsebenzi womatshini

ubulukhuni

Umsebenzi wobulukhuni uya kuhlangabezana neemfuno ezihambelanayo kwiThebhile 10-12.

Umcwangcisi kufuneka achaze ukuba yeyiphi indlela yovavanyo emayisetyenziswe. Uvavanyo luya kwenziwa ngokuhambelana neendlela ezifanelekileyo ezichazwe kwiGatya lesi-8.2.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezenziwe ngezinto zeKlasi, umsebenzi wobulukhuni uya kuxhomekeka kwisivumelwano seqela eliyalelayo kunye nomthengisi.

Umsebenzi we-tensile

Umsebenzi we-tensile ofunekayo awuchazwanga kwesi sikali. Amaxabiso * kwizibiyeli kwiTheyibhile 10 ukuya kwiTheyibhile 12 zezereferensi.

Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, ukuba iqela lokuodola lifuna ukuvavanya umsebenzi we-tensile, kufuneka libe namandla amancinci, i-0. 2% isivuno samandla ngexesha lokubuza kunye nomyalelo.

Nobude, indawo yesampulu kunye nobukhulu, kunye nomlinganiselo wesampulu (bona ubugcisa. 5 k)}. Kule meko, amaxabiso obunzima * adweliswe kwiiThebhile 10 ukuya kwi-12 zezereferensi.

Ukwenziwa kobhedu kunye nengxubevange yobhedu kwizixhobo zevalvu (ii) kusetyenziswa izixhobo zodidi A ezidweliswe kwiTheyibhile 13 ziya kuhambelana namandla eemoto achazwe kwiTheyibhile 13. Ukwenziwa kokwenziwa kwemathiriyeli yodidi B edweliswe kwiTheyibhile 9, ukuba amandla emoto ayafuneka, kufuneka kuvunyelwane phakathi kweqela eli-odolayo kunye neqela lomthengisi. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, le mveliso ye-alloy inokufudunyezwa kuluhlu lwe-470 ℃~-550 ℃. Ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna ukufudumeza imathiriyeli ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-530℃, kufuneka adibane nomthengisi ukuze afumane iingcebiso. Unyamezelo olunemilinganiselo kunye nokunyamezelwa kweecontour kuya kulandela unyamezelo oluchazwe kwesi sikali. Ukuba ukunyamezela akuboniswanga kumzobo, ixabiso lokunyamezela elinikezwe kulo mlinganiso lisetyenziswa.

Uqhagamshelo: Ubhedu kunye nengxube yealloyi yobhedu yezixhobo zevalvu (I)

Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, ukuba iqela lokuodola lifuna ukuvavanya umsebenzi we-tensile, kufuneka libe namandla amancinci, i-0. 2% isivuno samandla ngexesha lokubuza kunye nomyalelo.

Nobude, ubume besampulu kunye nobukhulu besampulu, kunye nomlinganiselo wesampulu (jonga ubugcisa. 5 k). Kule meko, amaxabiso obunzima * adweliswe kwiiThebhile 10 ukuya kwi-12 zezereferensi.

Amandla emoto

I-Forgings eyenziwe kwizinto zeKlasi A ezidweliswe kwiThebhile ye-13 iya kuhambelana namandla eemoto achazwe kwiThebhile 13. Ukwenzela izinto zokubunjwa ezenziwe kwizinto zeKlasi B ezidweliswe kwiThebhile 9, ukuba amandla ombane afunekayo, kufuneka kuvunyelwene phakathi kweqela loku-odola kunye umthengisi.

Ukuyeka ukuxhathisa

– Kwimathiriyeli yeKlasi A: ubukhulu becala 200μm;

– Kwimathiriyeli yeKlasi B: ngokufanayo ayidluli kwi-200μm kwaye inkulu ngokwentelekiso nge-400μm [(jonga iCandelo S i)]

Uvavanyo luya kwenziwa ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 8.5.

Qaphela: Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, le mveliso ye-alloy inokucutshungulwa kuluhlu lwe-470 ℃~-550 ℃. Ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna ukufudumeza imathiriyeli engaphezu kwe-530℃, kufuneka adibane nomthengisi ukuze afumane iingcebiso.

Uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo

I-Forgings e-odolwe kwiimeko ezingenaxinzelelo (jonga iNqaku 2 ku-4.2) ayisayi kubonisa amanqaku okuqhekeka ngexesha lovavanyo. Uvavanyo luya kwenziwa ngokungqinelana no-8. 6.

Ukufa ukunyamezela ukunyamezela

Umgaqo jikelele

Ukunyamezela okuchaziweyo kusebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zeKlasi A kunye neKlasi B ezidweliswe kwiThebhile 9. Iphawulwe kumzobo wokubumba

Unyamezelo olunemilinganiselo kunye nokunyamezelwa kweecontour kuya kulandela unyamezelo oluchazwe kwesi sikali. Ukuba ukunyamezela akuboniswanga kumzobo, ixabiso lokunyamezela elinikezwe kulo mlinganiso lisetyenziswa.

Qaphela 1; Kucetyiswa ukuba iimbekiselo zesi sikali ziboniswe kumzobo

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemilinganiselo yokwahlula ukwenza ukufa

a) Imilinganiselo kwindawo yokufa iphawulwe kwimodyuli egqibeleleyo ngokwemilo yokubumba, kwaye ayishukumi omnye komnye, jonga ubungakanani n kuMfanekiso 1.

Qaphela 2: Ezi modyuli zenziwe ngamacandelo omnye okanye awodwa okanye amacandelo amaninzi angashukumiyo omnye komnye.

b) Ubungakanani bomgca wokufa ogqithisiweyo buthathwe kwiifa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezihamba ngokuchasene nomnye, jonga ubungakanani t kuMfanekiso 2

Inqaku lesi-3: Umzobo 3 ubonisa i-die forging eveliswayo usebenzisa i-molds eboniswe kwi-Figure 1 kunye ne-Figure 2.

Izibonelelo ezicetyiswayo zoomatshini kunye nemathiriyeli eyongezelelweyo iboniswe kwi-B.3.10 kunye neThebhile B.6