Zojambula za Copper ndi Copper alloy za zida za valve

Zojambula za Copper ndi Copper alloy za zida za valve

Kuphatikizika kwazinthu zamtundu womwewo, zamtundu womwewo kapena aloyi yofanana ndi zinthu zakuthupi komanso makulidwe omwewo kapena gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa (kuyesa). Kuzindikiritsa katundu kumapereka ndondomeko yochepetsera mayina, momwe kufotokozera kwa chinthu kungathe kufotokozedwa mofulumira komanso momveka bwino, kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za European scale zimvetsetsedwe pa mayiko onse. Pazifukwa zapadera, ngati gulu loyitanitsa likufuna kuyezetsa magwiridwe antchito, liyenera kukhala pakufunsidwa ndi dongosolo lamphamvu yazing'ono, 0. 2% kutulutsa mphamvu…

osiyanasiyana

Sikelo iyi imatanthawuza kapangidwe kake, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito komanso kulolerana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa copper ndi copper alloy die and forgings zaulere. Njira zoyeserera, njira zoyesera ndi momwe amaperekera zimafotokozedwera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira sikelo iyi.

Chikalata chodziwika bwino

Mawu omwe ali m'malemba otsatirawa amakhala mawu a sikelo iyi potengera sikelo iyi. Pazolemba zakale, zosintha zonse zotsatizana (kupatulapo zolakwika) kapena zosinthidwa sizikugwira ntchito kuDipatimenti. Komabe, maphwando omwe adagwirizana pansi pa izi akulimbikitsidwa kuti afufuze kupezeka kwa matembenuzidwe otere. Fayilo iliyonse yosatchulidwapo yomwe mtundu wake uli woyenerera sikelo iyi.

Mayeso a kuuma kwa Metal Brinell - Gawo 1: Njira zoyesera (GB/T 231.1-2002, eqv ISO 6506-1; 1999).

GB/T 1182 Kulekerera kwanthawi zonse, matanthauzo, zizindikilo ndi zojambula zamawonekedwe ndi udindo (GB/T 1182-1996,eqv ISO 1101:1996)

Mayeso a Metallic Vickers Kuuma - Gawo 1: Njira zoyesera (GB/T 4340.1 -1999, eqv ISO 6507-1; 1997).

GB/T 10119 mkuwa - Kutsimikiza kukana deszincing (GB/T 10119-1988,eqv ISO 6509:1981)

TS EN 1655 Kugwirizana kwa ma aloyi amkuwa ndi amkuwa

TS EN 1976 Zosakaniza zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa - zopangira zamkuwa zosaphika

TS EN 10002-1 Tensile mayeso azinthu zachitsulo - Gawo 1: Njira zoyesera (pa kutentha kozungulira)

TS EN 10204 Mitundu ya zolemba zowunikira zinthu zachitsulo

TS EN ISO 196 Kutsimikiza kwa kupsinjika kotsalira muzitsulo zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa - Mayeso a Mercury (1) nitrate (ISO 196:1978)

TS EN ISO 1811-2 Kusankhidwa ndi kukonza zitsanzo zowunikira mankhwala amkuwa ndi ma aloyi amkuwa - Gawo 2: Zitsanzo za zinthu zotayidwa ndi zoponya - TS EN ISO 6957 Copper alloys - mayeso a ammonia kuti athe kukana kukokoloka kwamphamvu

Zindikirani: Maumboni operekedwa pa sikelo iyi ndi amene atchulidwa pamene kuli koyenera m’kope lino alembedwa m’buku la Zakumapeto A.

tanthauzo

Matanthauzo otsatirawa amagwira ntchito pa sikelo iyi.

kupanga

Kutentha kupanga chinthu pomenya kapena kukanikiza.

Ifa kusaka

Chinthu choponyedwa mu nkhungu yotsekedwa.

Kupanga kwaulere

Chinthu choponyedwa mu nkhungu yotseguka.

Kumanga kwa dzenje

A mankhwala kuponyedwa mu chotsekedwa kufa ndi pellets.

Malo oyendera

Kuphatikizika kwazinthu zamtundu womwewo, zamtundu womwewo kapena aloyi yofanana ndi zinthu zakuthupi komanso makulidwe omwewo kapena gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa (kuyesa).

chizindikiritso

zakuthupi

Mfundo yaikulu

Zida zimatchulidwa ndi zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro (onani Gulu 1 mpaka Gulu 8).

chizindikiro

Kutchulidwa kwa zizindikiro zakuthupi kumatengera dongosolo lomwe laperekedwa mu ISO 1190-1.

Zindikirani: Ngakhale chizindikiritso cha chizindikiro mu sikelo iyi chikhoza kukhala chofanana ndi masikelo ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ISO 1190-1 mayina, zofunikira zatsatanetsatane siziyenera kukhala zofanana.

Dzina la kodi

Khodi yazinthu imatchulidwa molingana ndi dongosolo la EN1412.

Zinthu zakuthupi

Mayina otsatirawa pamakina mu EN1173 amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu pamlingo uwu:

M Mkhalidwe wazinthu zomwe sizingapangidwe;

H delimit mankhwala ndi zofunika kuuma ndi kutchula zinthu zinthu malinga ndi zofunika kuuma yaing'ono;

S(chimakero) chimatanthawuza momwe zinthu zochotsera kupsinjika maganizo.

Zindikirani 1: Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a H zitha kugawidwa ngati Vickers kapena Brinell hardness, ndipo mawonekedwe a H ndi ofanana ndi njira yoyesera ya kuuma konse.

Chidziwitso 2: Kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira, onjezerani kukana kwa mankhwalawa kuti asakokoloke ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwake pambuyo pokonzedwa, zinthu zomwe zili m'boma la M kapena H zitha kuchitidwa chithandizo chapadera (mwachitsanzo kuchotsa kupsinjika kwamakina kapena kutentha) [onani nkhani 5 g ), Ndime 5 h) ndi 8.4)]

Chizindikiritso chimodzi chokha mwazomwe zili pamwambazi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula momwe zinthu zilili, kusiyapo pomwe mawuwo S agwiritsidwa ntchito.

mankhwala

Kuzindikiritsa katundu kumapereka ndondomeko yochepetsera mayina, momwe kufotokozera kwa chinthu kungathe kufotokozedwa mofulumira komanso momveka bwino, kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za European scale zimvetsetsedwe pa mayiko onse.

Kuzindikiritsa katundu sikungalowe m'malo mwa zonse zomwe zili mu sikelo.

Chizindikiritso chazinthu zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu sikelo iyi chizikhala ndi izi:

- dzina (zojambula);

- Nambala ya sikelo (GB/T 20078-2006);

- Chizindikiritso chazinthu, kuphatikiza zizindikiro kapena ma code (onani Gulu 1 ndi Gulu 8);

- Chizindikiritso cha zinthu (onani Gulu 10-12)

Chidziwitso cha malonda chimapangidwa monga momwe zilili pansipa.

Chitsanzo: Zolemba zotsatizana ndi sikelo iyi, zodziwika ndi CuZn39Pb3 kapena CW614N zakuthupi H080, zizidziwika motere:

Kulamula zambiri

Kuti kufufuzeko kukhale kosavuta, ndondomeko yoyitanitsa iyenera kutsimikiziridwa pakati pa gulu loyitanitsa ndi wogulitsa. Gulu loyitanitsa liyenera kunena pofunsa ndikuyitanitsa kuti zinthu zotsatirazi zigwirizane ndi zomwe zaperekedwa mu Gulu 1 ~ Gulu 8.

Zindikirani: Chifukwa zida zomwe zafotokozedwa mu sikeloyi zimasiyana kwambiri pakukana kwa deformation, kutentha kwa mpweya, komanso kupsinjika komwe kumachitika mukufa, amagawidwa m'magulu atatu omwe onse ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana akugwira ntchito kwamafuta. Kuonjezera apo, maguluwa adagawidwa m'magulu awiri kuti awonetsere kupezeka kwawo. Zida za gulu A zinali zopezeka kwambiri kuposa zida za Gulu B (onani Gulu 9).

Zimango ntchito

kuuma

Ntchito yowuma idzakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zili mu Table 10-12.

Wolamula afotokoze njira yoyesera yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mayeserowa adzachitidwa motsatira njira zoyenera zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Ndime 8.2.

Pazopanga zopangidwa ndi zida za Class s, ntchito yowuma imayenera kutsatiridwa ndi mgwirizano wa gulu loyitanitsa ndi wogulitsa.

Tensile ntchito

Ntchito yofunikira yamakomedwe simatanthauzidwa mu sikelo iyi. Miyezo * yomwe ili m'mabulaketi mu Table 10 mpaka Table 12 ndi yofotokozera.

Pazifukwa zapadera, ngati gulu loyitanitsa likufuna kuyesa ntchito yamakokedwe, liyenera kukhala laling'ono lamphamvu, 0. 2% yopereka mphamvu panthawi yofunsa ndi dongosolo.

Ndi kutalika, chitsanzo cha malo ndi kukula, ndi chiŵerengero cha zitsanzo (onani chithunzithunzi 5 k)}. Pamenepa, mfundo za kuuma * zolembedwa mu Table 10 mpaka 12 ndizofotokozera.

Zojambula zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa zopangira zida za valve (ii) pogwiritsa ntchito zida za Gulu A zomwe zalembedwa mu Table 13 ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mphamvu zamagalimoto zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Table 13. Pazojambula pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za Gulu B zomwe zalembedwa mu Table 9, ngati mphamvu yamoto ikufunika, ziyenera kuvomerezana pakati pa gulu loyitanitsa ndi gulu lopereka. Pakupanga, mankhwalawa aloyi akhoza kutenthedwa mu 470 ℃ ~ -550 ℃. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akufunika kutentha zinthuzo kupitirira 530 ℃, woperekayo ayenera kufunsidwa kuti alandire malangizo. Kulekerera kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kulolerana kwa contour kudzatsatira kulolerana komwe kumatanthauzidwa mu sikelo iyi. Ngati kulolerana sikunasonyezedwe muzojambula, mtengo wolekerera womwe umaperekedwa pamlingo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kulumikizana: Zopangira zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa za zida za valve (I)

Pazifukwa zapadera, ngati gulu loyitanitsa likufuna kuyesa ntchito yamakokedwe, liyenera kukhala laling'ono lamphamvu, 0. 2% yopereka mphamvu panthawi yofunsa ndi dongosolo.

Ndi elongation, sampuli malo ndi kukula kwa chitsanzo, ndi sampuli chiŵerengero (onani Art. 5 k). Pamenepa, mfundo za kuuma * zolembedwa mu Table 10 mpaka 12 ndizofotokozera.

Mphamvu zamagalimoto

Zolemba zopangidwa kuchokera ku zida za Class A zolembedwa mu Table 13 zidzagwirizana ndi mphamvu zamagalimoto zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Table 13. Pazojambula zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo za Class B zomwe zalembedwa mu Table 9, ngati mphamvu ya galimoto ikufunika, iyenera kuvomerezana pakati pa gulu loyitanitsa ndi wogulitsa.

Kuchepetsa kukana

- Pakuti Class A zipangizo: ndi lalikulu 200μm;

- Pazinthu za M'kalasi B: mofanana osapitirira 200μm ndi zazikulu ndi 400μm[(onani Gawo S i)]

Kuyesedwa kudzachitika malinga ndi Article 8.5.

Zindikirani: Popanga, mankhwalawa alloy amatha kusinthidwa mumitundu ya 470 ℃~-550 ℃. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akufunika kutentha zinthuzo kuposa 530 ℃, woperekayo ayenera kufunsidwa kuti alandire upangiri.

Kupanikizika kotsalira

Zolemba zomwe zayitanidwa kuti zikhale zopanda kupsinjika (onani Note 2 mu 4.2) siziwonetsa ming'alu panthawi yoyesedwa. Mayeserowa azichitika motsatira 8. 6.

Kufa popanga kulolerana

Mfundo yaikulu

Kulekerera komwe kwafotokozedwa kumakhudzanso zida zonse za Gulu A ndi Gulu B zomwe zalembedwa mu Gulu 9. Zolembedwa pachojambula

Kulekerera kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kulolerana kwa contour kudzatsatira kulolerana komwe kumatanthauzidwa mu sikelo iyi. Ngati kulolerana sikunasonyezedwe muzojambula, mtengo wolekerera womwe umaperekedwa pamlingo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chidziwitso 1; Ndikoyenera kuti zolozera za sikelo iyi zisonyezedwe pajambula

Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya miyeso kuti musiyanitse popanga kufa

a) Miyeso yomwe ili m'kati mwake imayikidwa mu module yangwiro molingana ndi mawonekedwe a kupanga, ndipo osasuntha wina ndi mzake, onani kukula n mu Chithunzi 1.

Zindikirani 2: Ma modules awa amapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zigawo zingapo zomwe sizisuntha wina ndi mzake.

b) Kukula kwa mzere wopitilira muyeso umachokera ku mafa awiri kapena kuposerapo akusuntha wina ndi mnzake, onani kukula t mu Chithunzi 2

Zindikirani 3: Chithunzi cha 3 chikuwonetsa kufota komwe kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1 ndi Chithunzi 2.

Malipiro opangira makina ovomerezeka ndi zida zowonjezera zikuwonetsedwa mu B.3.10 ndi Table B.6