UMichael Menna, DO, ungudokotela osebenza ezimo eziphuthumayo oqinisekiswe yibhodi esibhedlela iWhite Plains eWhite Plains, eNew York.
Inaliti yovemvane iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziswa ukudonsa igazi emithanjeni noma ukunikeza ukwelashwa ngomthambo (IV) emthanjeni. Inaliti yovemvane ibizwa nangokuthi isethi yokufaka enamaphiko noma idivayisi ye-scalp venous. Iqukethe inaliti encane kakhulu ye-hypodermic, "amaphiko" amabili aguquguqukayo, ithubhu elibonakalayo eliguquguqukayo kanye nesixhumi. Isixhumi singaxhunywa kushubhu yevacuum noma isikhwama sokuqoqa ukuze kudonswe igazi, noma empompini yokufakwa emthanjeni noma kumashubhu esikhwama sokumnika ukuze kulethwe uketshezi noma izidakamizwa. Umuthi ungaphinde ulethwe ngqo kusixhumi ngesirinji.
Izinaliti ze-Butterfly zinezinzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kwezinaliti eziqondile. Isibonelo, zivumela ukubekwa okunembe kakhudlwana, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni okunzima ukuyifinyelela. Nokho, akuzona ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo.
Uma uthi nhlá, inaliti yovemvane ifana nenaliti ye-Huber, futhi inamaphiko. Kodwa-ke, izinaliti ze-Huber zigotshwe nge-engeli engu-90 degree ukuze zibekwe ngokuphephile embobeni ye-chemotherapy etshaliwe.
Odokotela be-Phlebotomy bavame ukusebenzisa izinaliti zovemvane ukuze bathole amasampula egazi esibalo esiphelele segazi (CBC), ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol, ukuqapha isifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwe-STD, nokunye ukuhlola okusekelwe egazini. Lezi zinaliti zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina igazi kubantu abafuna ukunikela ngegazi.
Uma uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni futhi ungakwazi ukuphuza noma ukuphuza amanzi anele ukuvala uketshezi olulahlekile, izinaliti zevemvane zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuletha uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni. Angaphinde asetshenziselwe ukuletha izidakamizwa (njengamaphilisi ezinhlungu) ngqo emthanjeni noma ngokujova kancane kancane amakhambi e-IV (afana nokwelapha ngamakhemikhali noma ama-antibiotics) ngomthambo.
Nakuba izinaliti zovemvane zingahlala emthanjeni izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-7 uma zivikelekile kahle, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukumnika isikhathi esifushane.
Ukujova okuvamile noma okuqhubekayo kuvame ukufinyelelwa ngomthambo omkhudlwana ngomugqa omaphakathi noma umugqa we-catheter omaphakathi ofakwe nge-peripherally (PICC).
Nakuba zonke izinaliti ze-butterfly zifana ngokuklama, zisahlukile. Izinaliti zovemvane zilinganiswa ngamayunithi ezinto ezicacisiwe, ngokuvamile ezisukela kusayizi osuka ku-18 kuye ku-27. Uma ucaciswa uphakeme, inaliti iba yincane.
Isibonelo, inaliti yegeji engu-27 ingusayizi osetshenziswa kakhulu emijobeni ye-insulin. Uma uketshezi lomjovo lujiyile noma igazi liqoqwa ukuze limpontshelwe, sebenzisa inaliti encane yokulinganisa. Izinaliti eziningi zovemvane aweqi izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zama-intshi (19 mm).
Idivayisi ye-IV noma isitsha sokuqoqa sixhunywe kushubhu exhunywe enalitini, hhayi enaliti. Lokhu kuyasiza ngoba uma uboshwe noma uwisiwe, ayancipha amathuba okulimala.
Ubukhulu bepayipi buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angu-8 kuya kwangu-15 (20 kuya ku-35 cm). Ishubhu elifushane lisetshenziselwa ukudonsa igazi. Ezinde zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-IV futhi zingase zibe nama-roller valve ukulungisa ukugeleza. Amashubhu angabuye abe nombala ukuze umhlengikazi akwazi ukuhlukanisa ukuthi yimuphi umugqa osetshenziswayo lapho kusetshenziswa imigqa eminingi.
Ezinye izixhumi zephini le-butterfly zinembobo “yeduna” eyakhelwe ngaphakathi engafakwa kushubhu ye-vacuum. Ezinye izixhumi zinezimbobo “zabesifazane” okungafakwa kuzo imijovo noma amashubhu.
Phakathi ne-venipuncture (inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni), i-phlebotomist noma umhlengikazi uzocindezela inaliti yovemvane ngamaphiko phakathi kwesithupha nomunwe wokukhomba. Ngenxa yokuthi inaliti ye-hypodermic imfushane futhi nebanga lokubamba lifushane, ukubekwa kwenaliti yovemvane kunembe kakhulu kunenaliti eqondile, futhi inaliti eqondile izovame ukugoqa noma ukushwibeka emunweni.
Faka inaliti emfushane, ezacile emthanjeni nge-engeli encane. Ngemuva kokufakwa, ukucindezela kwe-venous kuzophoqa inani elincane legazi epayipini elibonakalayo, liqinisekisa ukuthi inaliti ibekwe ngendlela efanele. Uma inaliti isisendaweni, amaphiko angasetshenziswa futhi ukumisa inaliti futhi ivimbele ukuthi ingagingqiki noma inyakaze.
Uma isisetshenzisiwe (ukudonsa igazi noma ukuletha imithi), yonke idivayisi izolahlwa esitsheni sokulahla izinto ezibukhali. Bese ugoqa inxeba lokubhoboza ngebhandeshi.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo (amancane kakhulu kunama-catheter afakwa emthanjeni) kanye ne-engeli engajulile, izinaliti zovemvane zingangena emithanjeni engaphandle eduze kwendawo yesikhumba. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubenza bangabi buhlungu kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa futhi kuvumela ukuba bangene emithanjeni emincane noma emincane, njengezinsana noma asebekhulile.
Izinaliti ze-Butterfly zifaneleka kakhulu kubantu abanemithambo emincane noma i-cramping (i-rolling), futhi ingafakwa ngisho nasemithanjeni emihle yezandla, izinyawo, izithende noma isikhumba.
Izinaliti ze-Butterfly zifaneleka kakhulu kulabo abangabaza izinaliti, ngoba azisongela kancane.
Uma izinaliti sezikhishiwe, cishe ngeke zibangele ukopha okukhulu, ukulimala kwezinzwa, noma ukugoqeka kwemithambo.
Amamodeli amasha aneshede yokukhiya eshelela phezu kwenaliti ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ikhishwa emthanjeni, ivimbela ukulimala kwenaliti kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe.
Uma utshelwa ukuthi imithambo yakho mincane futhi ube nobunzima bokudonsa igazi esikhathini esidlule, ungase ucabange ukucela inaliti yovemvane.
Ngenxa yobukhulu benaliti, ijubane lokuqoqa igazi livame ukuhamba kancane. Uma umuntu ecindezelekile noma esesimweni esiphuthumayo esidinga igazi elisheshayo, lokhu kungase kubangele izinkinga endaweni yokugcina igazi. Kulesi simo, ukukhethwa kobukhulu benaliti kuyisihluthulelo.
Ngisho nokudonsa kwegazi okujwayelekile, uma inani elikhulu legazi lidingeka, usayizi wenaliti engalungile ungabangela ukuvinjelwa futhi udinge ukudonsa kwegazi okwesibili.
Njengoba inaliti esetshenziselwa ukumnika ishiywe engalweni, hhayi i-catheter noma ucingo lwe-PICC, inaliti yovemvane ingalimaza umthambo uma idivayisi idonswa kungazelelwe. Ngisho noma kusetshenziswa inaliti yobukhulu obufanele, uma ingafakwanga kahle, inaliti ingavinjelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Bhalisela iphephandaba lethu lamathiphu ezempilo wansuku zonke ukuze uthole amathiphu ansuku zonke angakusiza uphile impilo enempilo.
I-Venipuncture technique. Ku: Zolile. 6th uhlelo. 2018:308-318. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-40053-4.00024-x
U-Ohnishi H, Watanabe M, Watanabe T. Inalithi ye-Butterfly inciphisa izehlakalo zokulimala kwenzwa phakathi ne-phlebotomy. I-Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(4):352. doi:10.5858/arpa.2011-0431-LE
Ialongo, C. kanye noBernardini, S. Phlebotomy, ibhuloho phakathi kwelabhorethri nesiguli. I-Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2016 February 15; 26(1):17-33. I-DOI: 10.11613/BM.2016.002.
Volovitz, A.; Beure, P.; I-Essex, D., njll. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-catheter e-intravenous, ukusetshenziswa kwezinaliti ze-butterfly ukudonsa igazi kuhlotshaniswa ngokuzimela nokunciphisa okuphawulekayo kwe-hemolysis. Umhlangano Waminyaka Yonke we-Academy of Academic Emergency Medicine; Atlanta, Georgia, USA; May 2013. DOI: 10.1111/acem.12245.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-10-2021
