Iko kushandiswa kweplasma poda yekupfapfaidza welding tekinoroji mukugadzira mavharuvhu ekuvhara pamusoro
A, zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvevhavha uye zvikonzero mukushandiswa kwevhavha mukugadzirisa kukanganisa kwakajairika ndeizvi: 1. Stem kutenderera hakusi kushanduka kana kunamatira stem kutenderera hakusi kushanduka kana kunamatira, zvikonzero zvikuru ndezvi: kutakura kudzvinyirira kwakanyanyisa; Kurongedza kurongedza bhokisi hakusi chiyero; Valve stem uye stem bushing inoshandisa chinhu chimwe chete kana sarudzo yezvinhu haina kunaka; Mukaha usina kukwana pakati pedzinde nebushing; Valve stem bending; Thread surface roughness haidiwe.
Kutanga, kukundikana kwakajairika kwevhavha uye chikonzero
Zvikanganiso zvakajairika mukushandiswa kwemavharuvhu ndezvi:
1. Dzinde haritenderere kana kuti rakanamira
Stem kutenderera hakuchinjiki kana kunamatira, zvikonzero zvikuru ndezvi: kurongedza kudzvanywa kwakanyanya; Kurongedza kurongedza bhokisi hakusi chiyero; Valve stem uye stem bushing inoshandisa chinhu chimwe chete kana sarudzo yezvinhu haina kunaka; Mukaha usina kukwana pakati pedzinde nebushing; Valve stem bending; Thread surface roughness haidiwe.
2. Nzvimbo yekuvhara inobuda
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekuisa chisimbiso kudonha kwepasi ndezvi: kuvhara kukuvadzwa kwepamusoro, senge indentation, abrasion, waya yakaputsika pakati; Pane tsvina yakasungirirwa pakati pechiso chekuvhara kana mhete yekuisa chisimbiso haina kubatana zvakanaka.
3. Iyo yekurongedza inodonha
Chikonzero chekutakura kuvuza ndechekuti: kurongedza kudzvanywa ndiro haina kudzvanywa; Kusakwana kurongedza; Kurongedza nekuda kwekutadza kuchengetedza uye kutadza; Kutenderera kwedzinde revharuvhu kunodarika zvakatarwa kana kuti pamusoro pechidzitiro chevharuvhu chine makwara, mitsetse, vhudzi uye kukanganisa kwakakasharara; Kurongedza zvakasiyana-siyana, saizi yechimiro kana hunhu hahuenderane nezvinodiwa.
4. Kubatana pakati pemuviri wevharuvhu nevhavhavhavha yevhavha inodonha
Zvikonzero zvinogona kuitika ndezvi: kusasungirirwa kwebhaudhi pazvibatanidzwa zveflange kunokonzera kurerekera kweflange, kana kusakwana kusimba kwemabhaudhi, uye kukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza yemuviri wevharuvhu uye chivharo chevhavha; Iyo gasket yakakuvadzwa kana isingaite zvinodiwa; Flange joint surface haina kufanana, flange machining surface haina kunaka; Stem bushing uye stem thread machining yakashata zvinokonzeresa kuti vharafu yevhavha tite.
5. Gedhi rinokanganisa kuvhara kwevhavha
Apo gedhi regedhi rakazarurwa kuhurumende yakazaruka zvakakwana, dzimwe nguva gedhi harigoni kuvhurwa zvakakwana, uye kupindira pakati pegedhi uye chivharo chevhavha chinoitika. Chikonzero ndechekuti gedhi harina kuiswa zvakanaka kana geometry yevhavhavhavha yevhavha haina kusangana nezvinodiwa zvinotsanangurwa muyero.
6. Gondohwe harina kuvharwa zvakasimba
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvemhando iyi yemamiriro ezvinhu ndezvi: simba rekuvhara harina kukwana; Pakati pechigaro chevhavha negedhi mumarara; Valve sealing surface haina kunyatsogadziriswa kana kukuvadzwa.
7. Zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai setrachoma uye kuvhara pamusoro pekuputika kwepamusoro kunokonzerwa nekukanda kukanganisa, kuchakanganisawo kushandiswa kwemaitiro evhavha, uye matanho anowirirana anofanira kutorwa kugadzirisa.
Chechipiri, valve common fault solution
Maererano nezvikanganiso zviri pamusoro apa, nzira dzakasiyana dzinofanira kutorwa kuti dzigadzirise maererano nemamiriro chaiwo. Iyo chaiyo mhinduro inoratidzwa mutafura.
Chechitatu, mhedziso
Kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwakajairika kwevhavha, kuwedzera maererano nekuona chikonzero chekukanganisa kwayo kwakaitika nenzira kwayo uye kuongororwa, uye kutora matanho anoenderana kuigadzirisa, inofanirawo kusimbisa manejimendi evhavha, kuita zuva nezuva kuchengetedza uye kuongorora basa. , sekuderedza kutadza kwevhavha uye kuwedzera kutendeseka kwevhavha, ita kuti itambe zvakanyanya kune chiteshi chekutakura uye kuburitsa kugadzirwa kwekushandisa.
Kushandiswa kweplasma poda kupfapfaidza welding tekinoroji muvharuvhu sealing surface yekugadzira PPW process pachinzvimbo chemanual arc surfacing (kana manual flame surfacing), ** inogona kupa kutamba kwakazara kune maitiro ePPW maitiro, uye kuratidza yakasarudzika mabhenefiti. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo yevhavha yekuisa chisimbiso chepamusoro ndiyo "moyo" wevhavha, iyo yevhavha yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pekugadzira nzira uye zvigadzirwa zvine hukama zvakananga nehuhu uye hupenyu hwebasa revhavha, asi zvakare zvine chekuita nemutengo wekugadzira wevhavha. Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pevharuvhu inoda imwe kuomarara kwemhando uye kuoma kwakafanana, yakanaka abrasion kuramba uye kumwe kuramba kwecorrosion, uye kuumbwa kweiyo alloy kunewo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.
Zvakanakira zvekushandisa mukugadzira valve sealing surface
Kushandisa PPW maitiro panzvimbo yebhuku rekuisa arc surfacing (kana manual flame surfacing) muvharuvhu yekuvhara pamusoro pekugadzira, ** inogona kupa kutamba kwakazara kune maitiro ePPW maitiro, uye kuratidza zvakanakira zvakanakira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo yevhavha yekuisa chisimbiso chepamusoro ndiyo "moyo" wevhavha, iyo yevhavha yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pekugadzira nzira uye zvigadzirwa zvine hukama zvakananga nehuhu uye hupenyu hwebasa revhavha, asi zvakare zvine chekuita nemutengo wekugadzira wevhavha. Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pevharuvhu inoda imwe kuomarara kwemhando uye kuoma kwakafanana, yakanaka abrasion kuramba uye kumwe kuramba kwecorrosion, uye kuumbwa kweiyo alloy kunewo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.
Kune vhoriyamu hombe uye yakafara yepakati tembiricha uye kumanikidza mavharuvhu uye high pressure mavharuvhu, corrosion resistant mavharuvhu, nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso inogadzirwa nealloy surfacing. Nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya dilution mwero we base simbi, iyo imwe-layer arc yakatarisana haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuoma uye alloy kuumbwa. Kazhinji, 2-3 layers inofanira kunge iri pamusoro. Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso chepamusoro tembiricha uye high pressure valve uye corrosion resistant valve inoda kutariswa kweinodhura cobalt base kana nickel base alloy, kushandiswa kwebhuku repamusoro, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera, uye kunaka kwakaoma kuve nechokwadi. Iyo manual surfacing yakashata zvakanyanya uye huwandu hwema mechanika yekucheka hwakakura, chiri zvakare chimwe chezvinhu zvinokanganisa mutengo wekugadzira. PPW maitiro anotambirwa, uye maitiro ayo maitiro ingori mhinduro yakanaka yekugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji ekunyora manyore evhavha chisimbiso chepamusoro:
Plasma poda spray welding tekinoroji ine zvakanakira
1, nekuti iyo base metal dilution rate inogona kudzorwa, monolayer spray welding inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuoma kwakafanana uye alloy kuumbwa, chengetedza huwandu hwealloy.
2, kunyanya yakakodzera kupfapfaidza welding inodhura cobalt base uye nickel base alloy, kupfapfaidza welding layer yemhando yakanaka, yakakwira alloy utilization rate, kwete kuve nechokwadi chemhando uye kuderedza chisimbiso pamusoro pekugadzira mutengo.
3, nekuti iyo spray welding layer inoumbwa zvakanaka, iyo yepamusoro inotsvedza uye yakatsetseka, saizi yekugadzira inogona kudzorwa zvakanyanya, saka zviri nyore kucheka uye kuderedza nguva yekushanda yekugadzira michina.
4, kushandiswa kwesimbi alloy kupfapfaidza welding pachinzvimbo chemanual surfacing 2Cr13 haidi kurapa annealing, kubvisa iyo annealing - quenching process.
5, kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kwepamusoro, kunopfuura katatu nguva dzemanyorero ekutarisa.
Nekuda kwezvibatsiro zviri pamusoro apa, saka muvharuvhu yekuvhara pamusoro pekugadzira PPW maitiro, ihwo hutano, kushanda kwepamusoro, kushandiswa kwakaderera kwenzira yekugadzira, ine hukuru hwepamusoro hwemagariro evanhu uye hupfumi hwakananga hunobatsira.
Economic analysis
Kune yakakura vhoriyamu uye yakafara yepakati tembiricha uye kumanikidza vharafu (kubuda kwegore kwenyika mazana ezviuru zvematani), parizvino vagadziri vazhinji vanoshandisa nyore uye nyore bhuku rinotarisa 2Cr13. Kunyangwe iyo PPW maitiro inogona kutsiva iyo bhuku rekutarisa re2Cr13 zvinoenderana nekuti mutengo wekuisa chisimbiso unogona kudzikiswa.
Mari yekugadzira yekuisa chisimbiso inonyanya kuumbwa ne:
(1) Mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro; (2) mutengo webasa wekutarisa; (3) Machining mutengo wesurfacing layer; (4) Kupisa mari yekurapa, nezvimwewo. Ongorora hupfumi maererano neizvi 4 kuremekedza ikozvino.
1. Mutengo wepamusoro pezvinhu
Mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro unonyanya kutariswa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro uye mutengo wezvinhu. Pane dhizaini inodiwa kune ukobvu uye hupamhi hwepamusoro pechisimbiso cheimwe mhando yevharuvhu, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro zvinoenderana nechiyero chekushandiswa kwealloy. Chiyero chekushandiswa kweiyo surfacing alloy zvinoenderana nechiyero che dilution uye kutaridzika kuumbwa kwe base simbi. Nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya dilution mwero weiyo base simbi yemanyorero arc pamusoro, zvinotora kanopfuura kaviri pamusoro pepamusoro kuti isangane nezvinodiwa, saka dhizaini yakakora yechigadzirwa chakapedzwa cheyakatarisana nedenga inowanzokura kupfuura 3mm. PPW maitiro, base metal dilution rate yakadzikira, chero bedzi welding kamwe chete ichisangana nezvinodiwa, iyo yakapedzwa chigadzirwa dhizaini ukobvu hweyakatarisana layer inogona kudzikiswa kusvika 2mm. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwemanyorero epamusoro, kusaenzana, kazhinji kukora uye yakafara, mwero wekushandiswa kwealloy sufacing layer * ingangoita 40%. Mwero wekushandisa we alloy sufacing layer nePPW process inogona kusvika 70%.
Manual arc surfacing inobvisa electrode coating uye electrode musoro, uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwezvinhu ndeye * 70%, nepo kushandiswa kwePPW alloy powder kunogona kusvika 95%.
Tafura 1 inofananidza mashandisirwo emidziyo uye mutengo wezvinhu zviviri zviri pamusoro pemaitiro. Ongororo uye mhedzisiro yekuenzanisa inoratidza kuti kunyangwe iyo electrode yakachipa kupfuura iyo alloy hupfu, nekuda kwekushomeka kwekushandisa mwero we electrode manual surfacing, huremu hwezvinhu zvinodyiwa hunodarika ka3 kupfuura hwePPW process, saka mutengo wezvinhu zvemanual arc. kutarisana ndeye 1.9 nguva iyo yePPW maitiro. Uyu mufananidzo unoshamisa zvikuru. Kana iyo yakazara 2Cr13 electrode inopedzwa nefekitari yega yega valve iri 100T gore rega, mutengo wezvinhu i3.3 miriyoni RMB. Ne PPW maitiro, iyo iron base alloy poda inoshandiswa ndeye 33T, uye mutengo wezvinhu ungangoita 1.82 miriyoni, saka mari yemidziyo ichaponeswa 1.48 miriyoni RMB.
Surfacing welding nzira
Mutengo purojekiti PPW maitiro
Manual arc pamusoro peFe-base alloy nespray welding
2Cr13
Huremu huremu hwealloy yekukwirisa kumeso kwekuvharisa, Kg11.5
Muyero wekushandiswa kwealloy wepamusoro pedenga ndeye 70% 45%
Alloy huremu hwepamusoro pedenga, Kg1.433.33
Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu, 95% 70%
Kushandisa alloy zvinhu kushandiswa, Kg1.54.76
Mutengo weiyo alloy material i5,533 yuan/kg
Mutengo wezvigadzirwa, 82.5157 yuan
Mutengo wezvinhu kumutengo wechiyero 11.9
2. Mutengo webasa wekuisa welding
Mutengo wenguva yekukwira unoenderana nekugadzirwa kwesimba rega rega revashandi. Ose ari maviri manyore arc akatarisana uye PPW akatarisana anoda mushandi mumwe chete kuti ashande. Huwandu hwepamusoro hwemushandi mumwechete pakuchinja kwemanual arc surfacing inenge 12Kg paavhareji, nepo iyo yePPW process inogona kusvika 20Kg. Manual arc surfacing kana gumi nemaviri RAMS arikutarisana nemushandi mumwechete pashift, PPW process inogona kupfapfaidza weld 60 RAMS, uye kugona kwekugadzira kwakapetwa ka5 kune yemanual arc surfacing. Kana mutengo weawa wega wega wemagetsi uri wega uri yuan gumi pachidimbu, saka mutengo weawa wePPW process i2 yuan pachidimbu *. Mutengo wenguva wekuisa welding wakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
3. Machining mutengo wesurfacing layer
Nekuda kwePPW maitiro, iyo spray welding layer yakatsetseka uye yakatsetseka, uye huwandu hwekucheka hushoma. Kunyangwe kuoma kweiyo welding layer yakavandudzwa, kuenderera kuchekwa kunogona kuwanikwa pasina kucheka. Iyo yakazara machining nguva yakaderera pane iyo yemanyorero emagetsi ega ega, uye mutengo wekugadzira wakaderedzwa neinenge 20%.
4. Kupisa mari yekurapa
Manual magetsi ega akatarisana 2Cr13, zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, mushure mekunge kutariswa kwapera, iyo welding layer yakanyanya kuoma kuti igadziriswe, saka inogona kugadziriswa neannealing kurapwa. Mushure mekugadzira, kuitira kuti uwane kuoma kwechisimbiso chepamusoro, inofanira kudzimwa pahuwandu hwepamusoro uye ipapo pasi. Mafekitori mazhinji evharuvhu haacherechedze kunaka kwekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro, annealing mechanical processing, haachasisiri yakakwirira-frequency quenching kurapwa, saka chisimbiso pamusoro kuoma kwakaderera, abrasion kuramba kwakashata.
PPW maitiro, kupfapfaidza welding layer kuomarara kuri mukati memhando yezvinodiwa zvakatemwa, haifanirwe kuenda kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa (spray welding alloy haina kudzimwa), asi yakanyatsogadziriswa kuita zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, inogona kuchengetedza mashandisiro emagetsi, nyore kuoneka matambudziko emhando. kupisa kurapwa maitiro. PPW maitiro, kwete chete anovandudza kunaka kwevhavha chisimbiso chepamusoro, asi zvakare inoderedza mutengo wekugadzira.
Kubva pamusoro pekuongorora kwehupfumi hwekuvhara pamusoro pekugadzira mari yekugadzira, inogona kuratidzwa kuti PPW maitiro mukugadzirwa kwevhavhavha ane zvakanakira kuvandudza kunaka, kuderedza mari, kuvandudza kushanda uye zvichingodaro. Kana iyo PPW maitiro achigona kukwidziridzwa uye kushandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira mavharuvhu kutsiva yekumashure bhuku remagetsi ega ega, zviri pachena zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi zvichawanikwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-29-2022
