Belofo ea heke lisebelisoa tse tala Lisebelisoa tsa 'mele tsa Carbon steel heke ea lisebelisoa tse tala
E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse sa senyang, maemong a mang a ikhethileng joalo ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso, tikoloho ea boleng ba mahloriso, e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse senyang. Mocheso o teng -29 ~ 425 ℃. 'Mele oa valve, valve e le' ngoe ea phallo le valve ea heke (valve ea piston) e shebahala e rarahane haholoanyane, kahoo tšebeliso e akaretsang ea likarolo tsa ho lahla. Ke li-valve tsa caliber kapa li-valve tsa heke tse nang le maemo a ikhethileng a ts'ebetso tse sebelisang likarolo tsa tšepe.
Boholo ba 'mele oa li-valve, valve e le' ngoe ea phallo le valve ea heke (piston valve) e shebahala e rarahane haholoanyane, kahoo tšebeliso e akaretsang ea likarolo tsa ho lahla. Ke li-valve tsa caliber kapa li-valve tsa heke tse nang le maemo a ikhethileng a ts'ebetso tse sebelisang likarolo tsa tšepe.
Tšepe ea carbon
E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse sa senyang, maemong a mang a ikhethileng joalo ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso, tikoloho ea boleng ba mahloriso, e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lintho tse senyang. Mocheso o teng -29 ~ 425 ℃
Likarolo tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka carbon
Hajoale, tekanyetso ea ts'ebetsong e sebelisoang naheng ea rona ke GB12229 — 89 "valve e akaretsang, maemo a tekheniki a tšepe ea carbon steel", mofuta oa thepa ke WCA, WCB, WCC. Tekanyetso e tsamaellana le maemo a ASTMA216-77 a mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa tlhahlobo ea thepa ea kantle ho naha "mocheso o phahameng oa fusible carbon steel Castings standards". Tekanyetso e fetotsoe bonyane habeli, empa GB12229-89 ea ka e ntse e sebelisoa, 'me mofuta o mocha oo ke o bonang hona joale ke Astma216-2001. E fapane le Astma 216-77 (ke hore, ho tloha GB12229-89) ka litsela tse tharo.
A: Litlhoko tsa 2001 li ekelitse tlhokahalo bakeng sa tšepe ea WCB, ke hore, bakeng sa phokotso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 0.01% ea boleng ba moeli o moholo haholo oa carbon, tekanyo e kholo haholo ea moeli oa magnesium e ka eketsoa ka 0.04% ho fihlela boleng bo phahameng ke 1.28%.
B: The sundries Cu ea mehlala ea WCA, WCB le WCC: 0.50% ho 77, e fetotsoe ho 0.30% ka 2001; Cr: 0.40% ho 77 le 0.50% ka 2001; Mo: E ne e le 0.25% ka '77 le 0.20% ka 2001.
C: The resaduel element synthesis e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho kapa ho lekana le 1.0%. Ka 2001, ha ho na le maemo a lekanang le k'habone, poleloana ena ha e ea lokela, 'me palo e phahameng ea khabone ea mefuta e meraro e hlokahalang ho ba 0.5 le foromo ea eona ea lipalo e lekanang le khabone.
Q&A
A: Likarolo tse tšoanelehang tsa ho lahla li tlameha ho ba le litsebo tsa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, meaho ea meaho, 'me li fihlelle litlhokahalo, haholoholo ho qhekella ha lintho tse setseng, ho seng joalo li tla senya ts'ebetso ea welding.
B: Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o boletsoeng khoutu e ntse e le boholo. E le hore u fumane ts'ebetso e ntle ea welding le ho finyella thepa e hlokahalang ea mochine, hoa hlokahala ho theha litekanyetso tsa taolo ea ka hare ea likarolo le ho etsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea mocheso bakeng sa likarolo tsa ho lahla le lithupa tsa teko. Ho seng joalo, tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea likarolo tse sa tšoanelehang tsa ho lahla. Mohlala, WCB steel content standard content ≤0.3%, haeba mokelikeli oa k'habone oa WCB oa 0.1% kapa o theohile ho tsoa ho sebopeho ho bonoa o tšoaneleha, empa thepa ea sebopeho sa mochini ha e fihlelle litlhoko. Likahare tsa khabone haeba li lekana le 0.3% le tsona tse tšoanelehang empa thepa ea ho cheselletsa
E futsanehileng, taolo ea carbon ho 0.25% e nepahetse haholoanyane. U batla ho ba "ho kena le ho tsoa," batseteli ba bang ba tla beha ka ho hlaka melao ea taolo ea khabone.
C: Mefuta ea mocheso e amanang le li-valve tsa tšepe ea carbon
(a) JB/T5300 — 91 “Lisebelisuoa tsa li-valve tsa Universal” tsa valve ea carbon steel e fumanehang mocheso oa -30 ℃ ho isa ho 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "khetho ea petrochemical steel general valve, tlhahlobo le kamohelo" litlhoko tsa valve ea carbon steel e fumanehang mocheso oa -20 ℃ ho 425 ℃ (ts'ebeliso ea lipehelo tsa moeli o tlase bakeng sa -20 ℃ e le ho kopanya le GB150 tšepe sekepe sa khatello)
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange le butt welding end valve" khatello ea ho sebetsa - mocheso o lekantsoeng litlhoko tsa boleng ba hona joale WCB A105 (carbon steel) e fumanehang mocheso o fapaneng ho kenyeletsa -29 ℃ ho 425 ℃, e ke ke ea sebelisoa ka holimo ho 425 ℃ bakeng sa nako e telele. Solid carbon steel e atisa ho graphitize hoo e ka bang 425 ℃.
Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa liheke tsa tšepe tse kentsoeng ka botlalo (recrystallization annealing): tšepe e futhumatsang butle ho Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) ka holimo ho 30 ~ 50 ℃, ho netefatsa nako e itekanetseng, ebe sehatsetsi se lieha ho tsoa. Bakeng sa tšepe e tloaelehileng, ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa oa ferrite ka martensite (morao phetoho recrystallization) le ts'ebetso ea sehatsetsing ho phaella ho phetoho ea bobeli ea recrystallization, kristale e ntle, e teteaneng, sebopeho se ts'oanang sa ferrite. Grey cast iron annealing: tšepe e futhumatsoa ho mocheso oa 30 ~ 50 ℃ ka holimo ho Ac1, ebe e pholile butle butle.
1) Tlhaloso: Mocheso oa likarolo ho 30 ~ 50 ℃ ka holim'a mocheso o boima, mocheso oa mocheso ka nako e itseng, ebe ka sehatsetsing sa sebōpi. (Mocheso o tebileng: mocheso oo sebopeho sa ka hare sa tšepe se fetohang)
2) Sepheo: (1) Fokotsa matla le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho sila;
(2) Hloekisa lijo-thollo, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le kabo ea samente ka tšepe, le ho rala motheo oa ts'ebetso ea ho qetela ea kalafo ea mocheso;
(3) Tlosa khatello ea mocheso, tlosa khatello ea mocheso e bakoang ke ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea phetoho ea sebopeho, ts'ebetso ea ho sila kapa welding ea motlakase le khatello e setseng ea mocheso likarolong tsa ho lahla, ho fokotsa deformation le ho qoba ho phunyeha ho omileng;
(4) spherification ea samente ho fokotsa matla;
⑤ Ntlafatsa le ho felisa mefokolo ea mefuta eohle ea mokhatlo e entsoeng ka tšepe ea tšepe, calcination le ts'ebetso ea welding, ho qoba ho baka matheba a masoeu.
4) Mofuta: Tlhahisong, ts'ebetso ea annealing e sebelisoa haholo. Ho latela sehlahisoa sa "workpiece annealing effect" ha se ts'oane, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso ea annealing, eo hangata e sebelisoang ke annealing e felletseng, grey cast iron annealing, kapa annealing ea fatše.
(1) Annealing e felletseng (recrystallization annealing): tšepe e futhumatsang butle ho Ac3 (hypoeutectoid steel) ka holimo ho 30 ~ 50 ℃, ho netefatsa nako e itekanetseng, ebe sehatsetsi se liehang ho tsoa. Bakeng sa tšepe e tloaelehileng, ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa oa ferrite ka martensite (morao phetoho recrystallization) le ts'ebetso ea sehatsetsing ho phaella ho phetoho ea bobeli ea recrystallization, kristale e ntle, e teteaneng, sebopeho se ts'oanang sa ferrite.
② Grey cast iron annealing: tšepe e futhumatsoa ho mocheso oa 30 ~ 50 ℃ ka holimo ho Ac1, ebe e theoha butle butle. Sebopeho sa ferrite se fetoha spheroidal le granular, 'me tšepe ea carbon e tlaase le e bohareng e nang le mofuta ona oa sebopeho e na le matla a tlaase, bokhoni bo matla ba ho phunya le matla a batang a ho khumama. Bakeng sa tšepe ea alloy, mofuta ona oa sebopeho ke sebopeho se betere sa pele pele ho kalafo ea mocheso. (Mohlala oa shaft CrWMn, shaft ea tataiso Tenon GCr15)
Annealing e feletseng le isothermal annealing
Annealing e felletseng - ho futhumatsa ho Ac3 20 ~ 30 ℃, ho kenya mocheso ka mor'a sebōpi se batang - ho bolela ho futhumatsa ho phethela austenization.
Sepheo: Ho ea ka lijo-thollo tse ntle tsa recrystallization, sebopeho sa symmetrical, ntlafatsa tshebetso
Kopo: tšepe ea hypoeutectoid, tšepe e tlaase ea carbon: fokotsa matla, ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho phunya. Mokhatlo: FP
Isothermal process annealing - ho futhumatsa ho Ac3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50 ℃,
Ho kenella ka mocheso ho lateloa ke ho pholisa moea ka mor'a ts'ebetso e latelang ea isothermal ho Ar1: ka annealing e phethahetseng bakeng sa taolo e bonolo.
Kopo: tšepe e sa hloekang e bohareng le ea ferritic
Mokhatlo: FP kapa Fe3C P
Grey cast iron annealing and spread annealing
Tšepe ea tšepe e boputsoa e kentsoeng - e futhumetse ho Ac1 20~30
Sepheo: Ho fumana Fe3C e chitja, e bonolo
Kopo: eutectoid, tšepe ea eutectoid
Nama: spherical P
Hasa annealing - ho futhumatsa ho likhato tse 100-200 ka tlase ho mohala o tiileng, ho kenya mocheso oa nako e telele (10-15h) ka mor'a ho pholile butle.
Sepheo: sebopeho sa symmetrical
E loketse bakeng sa: li-castings tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang
Microstructure: lijo-thollo tse mahoashe - ka mor'a hore li phatlalatsoe, li hlatsoe ka botlalo kapa ho tima - ho ntlafatsa.
Khatello ea maikutlo annealing le ho sebetsa ka thata annealing
De-stress annealing - ho futhumatsa ho Ac1-100 ~ 200 ℃, ho kenya mocheso ka mor'a serame sa sebōpi.
Sepheo: Ho tlosa khatello ea mocheso le ho tsitsisa mokhatlo
Kopo: likarolo tse batang tsa ho taka, likarolo tsa phekolo ea mocheso
Mokhatlo: E ke ke ea fetoha
Sebetsa ho thatafatsa annealing - ho futhumatsa ho t ebe 150 ~ 250 ℃, ho kenya mocheso ka mor'a hore moea o pholile.
Sepheo: Ho fokotsa matla le ho ntlafatsa polasetiki
Kopo: mosebetsi o thatafatsa sehlahisoa workpiece
Sebopeho: lijo-thollo tse equiaxed
Mocheso o thata oa mosebetsi: T re =T melting × 0.4 (mocheso)
quenching
Normalizing - ho futhumatsa ho Ac3 (Accm) 30 ~ 50 ℃, ho kenya mocheso ka mor'a hore moea o pholile
Sepheo: Hloekisa lijo-thollo, ntlafatsa tshebetso
Kopo: tšepe e phahameng ea carbon HB↑ → Ntlafatsa thepa ea ho itšeha ea carbon (aluminium alloy) tšepe e hloekisang lijo-thollo tse symmetry mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng (phekolo ea mocheso, phekolo ea mocheso pele) tšepe ea hypereutectoid → sebopeho se hlakileng sa mesh Fe3CⅡ, ho rala motheo oa phekolo ea spheroidization ea likarolo tse nang le litlhoko tse tlaase. → lisebelisoa tsa mochini ts'ebetso ea ho qetela ea kalafo ea mocheso.
Nako ea poso: Feb-11-2023
