Kofa bawul albarkatun kasa Bawul kayan jiki Carbon karfe ƙofar bawul albarkatun kasa karfe annealing

Kofa bawul albarkatun kasa Bawul kayan jiki Carbon karfe ƙofar bawul albarkatun kasa karfe annealing

Ana iya amfani da shi don abubuwan da ba su lalacewa ba, a wasu yanayi na musamman kamar a cikin wani yanayin zafin jiki, yanayin ƙima, ana iya amfani da shi don wasu abubuwa masu lalata. Akwai zafin jiki -29 ~ 425 ℃. Jikin bawul, bawul ɗin kwarara guda ɗaya da bawul ɗin ƙofar (bawul ɗin piston) sun fi rikitarwa, don haka gabaɗayan amfani da sassan simintin. Wasu caliber bawul kawai ko bawul ɗin ƙofa tare da ƙa'idodin yanayin aiki na musamman suna amfani da sassan simintin ƙarfe.
Yawancin jikin bawul, bawul ɗin kwarara guda ɗaya da bawul ɗin ƙofar (bawul ɗin piston) sun fi rikitarwa, don haka gabaɗayan amfani da sassan simintin. Wasu caliber bawul kawai ko bawul ɗin ƙofa tare da ƙa'idodin yanayin aiki na musamman suna amfani da sassan simintin ƙarfe.
Karfe Karfe
Ana iya amfani da shi don abubuwan da ba su lalacewa ba, a wasu yanayi na musamman kamar a cikin wani yanayin zafin jiki, yanayin ƙima, ana iya amfani da shi don wasu abubuwa masu lalata. Akwai zafin jiki -29 ~ 425 ℃
Carbon Simintin Karfe sassa
A halin yanzu, ma'aunin aiwatarwa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙasarmu shine GB12229 - 89 “Bawul bawul, Yanayin Fasaha na Carbon Karfe”, alama ce ta WCA, WCB, WCC. Ma'aunin ya yi daidai da ƙa'idar ƙungiyar gwajin kayan waje ta ASTMA216-77 "high zafin jiki fusible carbon karfe simintin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai". An canza ma'auni aƙalla sau biyu, amma GB12229-89 na har yanzu ana amfani da shi, kuma sabon sigar da nake gani a matakin yanzu shine Astma216-2001. Ya bambanta da Asma 216-77 (wato daga GB12229-89) ta hanyoyi uku.
A: Abubuwan buƙatun 2001 sun ƙara da buƙatun don ƙarfe na WCB, wato, ga kowane raguwar 0.01% a cikin babban ƙimar iyakar carbon, babban ƙimar iyakar magnesium na iya ƙarawa da 0.04% har sai matsakaicin ƙimar shine 1.28%.
B: Sundries Cu na nau'ikan WCA, WCB da WCC: 0.50% a cikin 77, an daidaita su zuwa 0.30% a cikin 2001; Cr: 0.40% a cikin 77 da 0.50% a cikin 2001; Mo: Ya kasance 0.25% a cikin '77 da 0.20% a cikin 2001.
C: Haɗin abubuwan da suka rage ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ko daidai da 1.0%. A cikin 2001, lokacin da akwai ma'auni daidai da carbon, wannan juzu'in bai dace ba, kuma ana buƙatar iyakar carbon daidai da nau'ikan guda uku ya zama 0.5 da tsarin lissafin carbon daidai.
Tambaya&A
A: Abubuwan da suka dace na simintin gyare-gyare dole ne su kasance masu cancanta a cikin tsarin sinadarai na kwayoyin halitta, kayan aikin injiniya, kuma sun cika buƙatun, musamman ma'anar magudin da ya rage, in ba haka ba zai cutar da aikin walda.
B: Tsarin sinadarai na halitta da aka ƙayyade a cikin lambar har yanzu shine matsakaicin. Don samun kyakkyawan aikin walda da kuma cimma abubuwan da ake buƙata na kayan aikin injiniya, dole ne a kafa ƙa'idodin kulawa na ciki na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da aiwatar da daidaitaccen tsarin kula da zafi don sassan simintin gyare-gyare da sandunan gwaji. In ba haka ba, samarwa da kera sassan simintin da ba su cancanta ba. Misali, WCB karfe carbon abun ciki misali ≤0.3%, idan smelter fitar da WCB karfe carbon abun ciki na 0.1% ko žasa daga abun da ke ciki don ganin ya cancanta, amma tsarin inji Properties ba su cika bukatun. Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon idan yayi daidai da 0.3% shima ya cancanci amma kayan walda
Talakawa, sarrafa carbon zuwa 0.25% ya fi dacewa. Ana son zama "shigarwa da fita," wasu masu zuba jari za su gabatar da ƙa'idodin sarrafa carbon a fili.
C: nau'ikan zafin jiki da suka shafi bawul ɗin ƙarfe na carbon
(a) JB / T5300 - 91 "Universal bawul kayan" bukatun na carbon karfe bawul samuwa zazzabi na -30 ℃ zuwa 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical karfe janar bawul selection, dubawa da kuma yarda" bukatun na carbon karfe bawul samuwa zafin jiki na -20 ℃ zuwa 425 ℃ ( aikace-aikace na low iyaka tanadi ga -20 ℃ ne domin ya gama tare da GB150 karfe jirgin ruwa)
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange da butt waldi karshen bawul" aiki matsa lamba - zazzabi rated halin yanzu darajar daidaitattun bukatun WCB A105 (carbon karfe) samuwa zazzabi kewayon ciki har da -29 ℃ zuwa 425 ℃, ba za a iya amfani da sama 425 ℃ ga wani kwana biyu. M carbon karfe o ƙarin tabbatar da graphitize a game da 425 ℃.
Gate bawul albarkatun kasa na karfe annealing cikakken annealing (recrystallization annealing): da karfe jinkirin dumama zuwa Ac3 (hypoeutectoid karfe) sama da 30 ~ 50 ℃, don tabbatar da matsakaici lokaci, sa'an nan jinkirin refrigeration fita. Domin na kowa karfe, bisa ga dumama tsari na ferrite cikin martensite (baya canji recrystallization) da kuma refrigeration tsari ban da na biyu canji recrystallization, da crystal lafiya, lokacin farin ciki Layer, uniform tsarin ferrite. Grey simintin ƙarfe annealing: karfe yana mai zafi zuwa zafin jiki na 30 ~ 50 ℃ sama da Ac1, sa'an nan kuma a hankali sanyaya fita.
1) Ma'anar: Zazzabi sassa zuwa 30 ~ 50 ℃ sama da zafin jiki mai mahimmanci, zafi mai zafi na wani lokaci, sa'an nan kuma tare da firiji na tanderun. (Mahimman zafin jiki: zafin jiki wanda tsarin ciki na karfe ya canza)
2) Manufofin: (1) Rage ƙarfi da haɓaka aikin niƙa;
(2) Tace hatsi, inganta tsari da rarraba siminti a cikin karfe, da kuma kafa harsashin tsarin maganin zafi na ƙarshe;
(3) Cire damuwa na thermal, cire damuwa na thermal da ke haifar da canjin sifa ta hanyar samar da canji, sarrafa niƙa ko waldawar lantarki da ragowar zafin jiki a cikin sassan simintin gyare-gyare, don rage lalacewa da kuma guje wa bushewa;
(4) spherification na siminti don rage ƙarfi;
⑤ Haɓaka da kawar da kowane nau'in gazawar ƙungiyar da aka kafa a cikin ƙirƙira ƙarfe, ƙirƙira da aikin walda, don guje wa haifar da ƙananan fararen aibobi.
4) Nau'in: A cikin samarwa, ana amfani da tsarin annealing sosai. Dangane da samfurin workpiece annealing sakamako ba iri ɗaya ba ne, akwai nau'ikan ƙa'idodin aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su sune cikakkiyar ɓarnawa, zubar da baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, ko rage damuwa na ƙasa.
(1) Cikakken annealing (recrystallization annealing): karfe jinkirin dumama zuwa Ac3 (hypoeutectoid karfe) sama da 30 ~ 50 ℃, don tabbatar da matsakaicin lokaci, sannan jinkirin refrigeration. Domin na kowa karfe, bisa ga dumama tsari na ferrite cikin martensite (baya canji recrystallization) da kuma refrigeration tsari ban da na biyu canji recrystallization, da crystal lafiya, lokacin farin ciki Layer, uniform tsarin ferrite.
② Gyaran baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka: ana ƙona karfe zuwa zafin jiki na 30 ~ 50 ℃ sama da Ac1, sannan a sanyaya a hankali. Tsarin ferrite ya zama spheroidal da granular, kuma ƙananan ƙarfe da matsakaici na carbon tare da irin wannan tsarin yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙarfin hakowa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin lanƙwasa sanyi. Don gami karfe, irin wannan tsarin shine mafi kyawun tsarin farko kafin maganin zafi. (Sample shaft CrWMn, jagora shaft Tenon GCr15)
Cikakken annealing da isothermal annealing
Cikakken annealing - dumama zuwa Ac3 20 ~ 30 ℃, zafin jiki bayan tanderun sanyi - yana nufin dumama don kammala austenization.
Manufa: Dangane da ingantacciyar recrystallization lafiyan hatsi, tsarin simmetric, inganta aikin
Aikace-aikacen: karfe hypoeutectoid, ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon: rage ƙarfin, inganta aikin hakowa. Ƙungiyar: FP
Isothermal tsari annealing - dumama zuwa Ac3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50 ℃,
Ana biye da rufin thermal ta hanyar sanyaya iska bayan tsarin isothermal mai zuwa a cikin Ar1: tare da haɓakawa sosai don sauƙin sarrafawa.
Aikace-aikace: matsakaici da ferritic bakin karfe
Ƙungiyar: FP ko Fe3C P
Gudun simintin ƙarfe mai launin toka da bazuwar ɓarna
Ƙarfe mai launin toka mai launin toka - mai zafi zuwa Ac1 20 ~ 30
Manufar: Don samun Fe3C mai siffar zobe, mai laushi
Aikace-aikace: eutectoid, eutectoid karfe
Nama: Spherical P
Yada annealing - dumama zuwa 100-200 digiri a ƙasa da m layin, dogon lokacin da thermal rufi (10-15h) bayan jinkirin sanyaya.
Manufa: simmetrical abun da ke ciki
Dace da: bakin karfe simintin gyaran kafa
Microstructure: M hatsi - bayan yada annealing da sosai annealing ko quenching - ingantawa.
Destress annealing da kuma aiki hardening annealing
De-stress annealing - dumama zuwa Ac1-100 ~ 200 ℃, zafi rufi bayan tanderun sanyi
Makasudi: Don cire damuwa na thermal da daidaita ƙungiyar
Aikace-aikace: sassan zane mai sanyi, sassan maganin zafi
Ƙungiya: Ba zai canza ba
Aiki hardening annealing - dumama zuwa t sa'an nan 150 ~ 250 ℃, zafi rufi bayan iska sanyaya.
Manufar: Don rage ƙarfi da haɓaka filastik
Aikace-aikace: aiki hardening samfurin workpiece
Tsarin: daidaitaccen hatsi
Yanayin zafin aiki: T re = T narkewa × 0.4 (zazzabi)
quenching
Normalizing - dumama zuwa Ac3 (Accm) 30 ~ 50 ℃, zafi rufi bayan iska sanyaya
Manufar: Tace hatsi, inganta aiki
Aikace-aikace: high carbon karfe HB↑ → Inganta sabon Properties na carbon (aluminum gami) karfe tace hatsi symmetry kungiyar (zafi magani, zafi magani kafin) hypereutectoid karfe → bayyana raga tsarin Fe3CⅡ, kwanciya harsashin spheroidization jiyya na sassa da ƙananan bukatun. → aikin kayan aikin injiniya na ƙarshe tsarin kula da zafi.