Gedhi vharafu mbishi zvinhu Valve muviri zvinhu Carbon simbi gedhi vharafu mbishi zvinhu simbi annealing

Gedhi vharafu mbishi zvinhu Valve muviri zvinhu Carbon simbi gedhi vharafu mbishi zvinhu simbi annealing

Inogona kushandiswa kune zvisiri izvo zvinoora, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune imwe siyana yetembiricha, ukoshi hwekukosha nharaunda, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinoparadza zvinhu. Inowanikwa tembiricha -29 ~ 425 ℃. Muviri wevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavwayesuwo) zvinotaridzika zvakanyanya kuoma,saka kushandiswa kwakawanda kwezvikamu zvekukanda. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu ecaliber kana mavharuvhu egedhi ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa.
Yakawanda yemuviri wevhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavwavwaiwe)rinotaridzika kuomarara,saka kushandiswa kwakawanda kwekukanda zvikamu. Chete mamwe mavharuvhu ecaliber kana mavharuvhu egedhi ane akasiyana mamiriro ekushanda mamiriro anoshandisa simbi yakakandwa.
Carbon steel
Inogona kushandiswa kune zvisiri izvo zvinoora, mune mamwe mamiriro akakosha senge mune imwe siyana yetembiricha, ukoshi hwekukosha nharaunda, inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinoparadza zvinhu. Inowanikwa tembiricha -29 ~ 425 ℃
Carbon cast steel parts
Parizvino, chiyero chekushandisa chinoshandiswa munyika yedu ndeye GB12229 - 89 "General valve, kabhoni simbi yekukanda Technical Conditions", mhando yemhando ndeyeWCA, WCB, WCC. Iyo chiyero inoenderana neyekunze zvinhu zvekuyedza mubatanidzwa standard ASTMA216-77 "yakakwira tembiricha fusible kabhoni simbi Castings standard yakatarwa". Iyo chiyero yakagadziridzwa kanokwana kaviri, asi yangu GB12229-89 ichiri kushandiswa, uye iyo nyowani vhezheni yandinoona padanho razvino ndeye Astma216-2001. Iyo yakasiyana neAstma 216-77 (kureva, kubva GB12229-89) munzira nhatu.
A: Izvo zvinodiwa muna 2001 zvakawedzera chinodiwa cheWCB simbi, ndiko kuti, kune yega yega 0.01% kuderedzwa kweiyo yakakura kwazvo kabhoni inogumira kukosha, iyo yakakura kwazvo magnesium muganho kukosha inogona kuwedzerwa ne0.04% kusvika iyo yakanyanya kukosha iri 1.28%.
B: The sundries Cu yeWCA, WCB neWCC mienzaniso: 0.50% mu77, yakagadziridzwa kusvika 0.30% mu2001; Cr: 0.40% mu77 uye 0.50% muna 2001; Mo: Yaive 0.25% mu'77 uye 0.20% muna 2001.
C: The residue element synthesis inofanira kuva shoma pane kana kuenzana ne 1.0%. Muna 2001, kana paine kabhoni yakaenzana chiyero, iyi clause haina kukodzera, uye iyo yakawanda kabhoni yakaenzana nemhando nhatu inodiwa kuve 0.5 uye kabhoni yakaenzana calculation formula.
Q&A
A: Zvikamu zvekukandira zvinofanirwa kuve zvinokodzera muorganic makemikari kuumbwa, zvimiro zvemichina, uye kusangana nezvinodiwa, kunyanya zvakasara zvechinhu manipulation, zvikasadaro zvinokanganisa kuita kwewelding.
B: Iyo organic chemikemikari inotsanangurwa mukodhi ichiri yakanyanya. Kuti uwane yakanaka welding kuita uye kuzadzisa inodiwa dhizaini mechanicha zvivakwa, zvinodikanwa kumisikidza iyo yemukati yekudzora zviyero zvezvikamu uye kuita iyo chaiyo yekupisa yekupisa maitiro ezvikamu zvekukanda uye tsvimbo dzekuyedza. Zvikasadaro, kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvisina kukodzera kukanda zvikamu. Semuyenzaniso, WCB simbi kabhoni yemukati yakajairwa ≤0.3%, kana iyo inonyungudutsa WCB simbi kabhoni yemukati ye0.1% kana yakadzikira kubva kuumbwa kuti uone inokodzera, asi iyo dhizaini michini yezvivakwa haizadzise zvinodiwa. Carbon yemukati kana yakaenzana ne0.3% zvakare inokodzera asi welding zvivakwa
Murombo, kutonga kabhoni kusvika 0.25% kwakakodzera. Unoda kuve "yekupinda nekubuda," vamwe vanoisa mari vanoisa pachena pamberi pemitemo yekudzora kabhoni.
C: Kupisa zvikamu zvine chekuita nekabhoni simbi mavharuvhu
(a) JB/T5300 — 91 “Universal valve materials” zvinodiwa zvecarbon steel valve iripo tembiricha ye -30 ℃ kusvika 450 ℃.
(b) SH3064-94 "petrochemical simbi general valve kusarudzwa, kuongorora uye kugamuchirwa" zvinodiwa zvekabhoni simbi vharafu iripo tembiricha ye -20 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃ (kushandiswa kweiyo yakaderera muganho gadziriro ye -20 ℃ ndeye kubatanidza neGB150 simbi. pressure mudziyo)
(c) ANSI 16 · 34 "flange uye butt welding end valve" kushanda kumanikidza - tembiricha yakayerwa ikozvino kukosha chiyero zvinodiwa WCB A105 (carbon simbi) inowanikwa tembiricha siyana kusanganisira -29 ℃ kusvika 425 ℃, haigone kushandiswa pamusoro pe425 ℃ nguva refu. Solid kabhoni simbi inoita kuti graphitize inosvika 425 ℃.
Gedhi vharafu raw material yesimbi annealing yakakwana annealing (recrystallization annealing) : simbi inononoka kupisa kusvika kuAc3 (hypoeutectoid simbi) pamusoro pe30 ~ 50 ℃, kuve nechokwadi chenguva ine mwero, wobva wanonoka firiji kubuda. Kune yakajairika simbi, maererano kudziyisa muitiro ferrite kupinda martensite (kumashure shanduko recrystallization) uye firiji muitiro kuwedzera yechipiri shanduko recrystallization, the crystal yakanaka, gobvu layer, yunifomu chimiro ferrite. Grey cast iron annealing: simbi inodziya kusvika patembiricha ye30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro peAc1, uye yobva yatonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
1) Tsanangudzo: Tembiricha zvikamu kusvika 30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro pekupisa kwakakosha, kupisa kwekudzivirira kwenguva yakati rebei, uyezve nefiriji yevira. (Critical tembiricha: tembiricha panochinja chimiro chemukati chesimbi)
2) Zvinangwa: (1) Deredza simba uye uvandudze kuita kwekukuya;
(2) Gadzirisa zviyo, gadzirisa chimiro uye kugovera simenti musimbi, uye nekuisa hwaro hwekupedzisira kupisa kupisa;
(3) Bvisa kushushikana kwekupisa, bvisa kushushikana kwekushisa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwekugadzirwa kwechimiro, kukuya kugadzirisa kana magetsi welding uye yakasara yekupisa kushushikana muzvikamu zvekukanda, kuderedza deformation uye kudzivirira kuputika kwakaoma;
(4) spherification ye simenti kuderedza simba;
⑤ Kuvandudza uye kubvisa marudzi ese ekukanganisa kwesangano akaumbwa mukugadzira simbi, calcination uye welding mashandiro, kudzivirira kukonzeresa madiki machena.
4) Type: Mukugadzira, annealing process inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Zvinoenderana nechigadzirwa workpiece annealing mhedzisiro haina kufanana, kune akawanda marudzi eannealing process zviyero, anowanzo shandiswa akazara annealing, grey cast iron annealing, kana kune pasi stress annealing.
(1) Kuzadza annealing (recrystallization annealing): simbi inononoka kupisa kusvika kuAc3 (hypoeutectoid simbi) pamusoro pe30 ~ 50 ℃, kuve nechokwadi chenguva iri pakati nepakati, uye inononoka firiji kunze. Kune yakajairika simbi, maererano kudziyisa muitiro ferrite kupinda martensite (kumashure shanduko recrystallization) uye firiji muitiro kuwedzera yechipiri shanduko recrystallization, the crystal yakanaka, gobvu layer, yunifomu chimiro ferrite.
② Grey cast iron annealing: simbi inopisa kusvika patembiricha ye30 ~ 50 ℃ pamusoro peAc1, uye yobva yatonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Iyo ferrite chimiro inova spheroidal uye granular, uye yakaderera uye yepakati kabhoni simbi ine rudzi urwu rwechimiro ine yakaderera simba, yakasimba kudhirowa kugona uye yakasimba inotonhora yekukotama kugona. Kune alloy simbi, rudzi urwu rwechimiro chiri nani chekutanga chimiro pamberi pekupisa kupisa. (Sample shaft CrWMn, gidhi shaft Tenon GCr15)
Kuzadza annealing uye isothermal annealing
Kuzadza annealing - kudziyisa kuAc3 20 ~ 30 ℃, kupisa kupisa mushure mechoto chinotonhora - kunoreva kupisa kupedzisa austenization.
Chinangwa: Zvinoenderana nekunyatso recrystallization zviyo zvakanaka, symmetrical chimiro, kunatsiridza mashandiro
Kushandisa: hypoeutectoid simbi, yakaderera kabhoni simbi: kuderedza simba, kunatsiridza kudhirowa kuita. Sangano: FP
Isothermal process annealing - kudziyisa kuAc3 (Ac1) 20 ~ 50 ℃,
Thermal insulation inoteverwa nekutonhora kwemhepo mushure meinotevera isothermal process muAr1: ine annealing yakakwana yekudzora nyore.
Kushandisa: yepakati uye ferritic Stainless simbi
Sangano: FP kana Fe3C P
Gray cast iron annealing uye kuparadzira annealing
Grey cast iron annealed - inopisa kuAc1 20~30
Chinangwa: Kuti uwane spherical Fe3C, yakapfava
Kushandisa: eutectoid, eutectoid simbi
Tissue: spherical P
Kuparadzira annealing - kupisa kusvika ku100-200 madhigirii pazasi pemutsara wakasimba, kwenguva refu yekupisa yekupisa (10-15h) mushure mekunonoka kutonhora.
Chinangwa: symmetrical composition
Inokodzera: Stainless simbi castings
Microstructure: Zviyo zvakakashama - mushure mekuparadzira kuvharidzira kukwenenzvera kana kudzima - optimization.
Kushungurudzika kunowedzera uye kushanda kuomesa annealing
De-stress annealing - kupisa kuAc1-100 ~ 200 ℃, kupisa kwekudzivirira mushure mekutonhora kwechoto.
Chinangwa: Kubvisa kushushikana kwekupisa uye kudzikamisa sangano
Kushandisa: kutonhora kudhirowa zvikamu, kupisa kupisa zvikamu
Sangano: Izvo hazvichinje
Shanda kuomesa annealing - kudziyisa ku t uyezve 150 ~ 250 ℃, kupisa kwekudzivirira mushure mekutonhora kwemhepo.
Chinangwa: Kuderedza simba uye kuwedzera plasticity
Chikumbiro: shanda kuomesa chigadzirwa workpiece
Chimiro: equiaxed zviyo
Kuomesa tembiricha: T re =T kunyungudika × 0.4 (tembiricha)
quenching
Normalizing - kupisa kuAc3 (Accm) 30 ~ 50 ℃, kupisa kwekudzivirira mushure mekutonhora kwemhepo
Chinangwa: Natsa zviyo, vandudza mashandiro
Chikumbiro: yakakwira kabhoni simbi HB↑ → Kuvandudza kucheka zvimiro zvekabhoni (aluminium alloy) simbi yekunatsa zviyo symmetry sangano (kupisa kurapwa, kupisa kusati kwaitika) hypereutectoid simbi → yakajeka mesh chimiro Fe3CⅡ, kuisa hwaro hwe spheroidization kurapwa kwezvikamu zvine zvakaderera zvinodiwa. → mashandiro emuchina mashandiro ekupedzisira kupisa kupisa maitiro.