Inqubo yokuqinisa i-valve yebhola evalwe ngensimbi Incazelo emfushane yokuthi ama-valve ebhola agqashuka kanjani embonini yamavalvu esango?

Inqubo yokuqinisa i-valve yebhola evalwe ngensimbi Incazelo emfushane yokuthi ama-valve ebhola agqashuka kanjani embonini yamavalvu esango?

 
Ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo, isoftware yemishini ye-petrochemical, imboni yamandla kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali ephezulu ye-viscous, ene-soot nezinhlayiya eziqinile zenhlanganisela yoketshezi, ukugqwala okuqinile koketshezi neminye imithombo yezindaba, ama-valve ebhola kufanele asebenzise izinto zensimbi eziqinile ze-valve yesango, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifanele zensimbi i-hard seal isango i-valve ibhola le-valve ibhola kanye nenqubo yokuqina kwesihlalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
1. Isingeniso Esifushane
Ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo, isoftware yemishini ye-petrochemical, imboni yamandla kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali ephezulu ye-viscous, ene-soot nezinhlayiya eziqinile zenhlanganisela yoketshezi, ukugqwala okuqinile koketshezi neminye imithombo yezindaba, ama-valve ebhola kufanele asebenzise izinto zensimbi eziqinile ze-valve yesango, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifanele zensimbi i-hard seal isango i-valve ibhola le-valve ibhola kanye nenqubo yokuqina kwesihlalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-2, impahla yensimbi eqinile yophawu lwesango i-valve ibhola le-valve kanye nendlela yokuqinisa isihlalo
Njengamanje, inqubo evamile yokuqina ebusweni be-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve yensimbi eqinile ingokuyinhloko ngale ndlela elandelayo:
(1) I-ball surface spray welding (noma i-spray welding) ithuluzi le-carbide enosimende, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela cishe ku-40HRC, inqubo yethuluzi le-carbide ye-ball surface ye-spray iyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza akuphezulu, kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu. I-spray welding kulula ukwenza izingxenye ze-deformation, manje uhlelo lokusebenza lwenqubo yokuqinisa ibhola luncane.
(2) I-oxidation eqinile yebhola, ubulukhuni bungafinyelela ku-60 ~ 65HRC, ukujiya okungu-0.07 ~ 0.10mm, ungqimba lwensimbi engagqwali ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala futhi kungagcina ubuso bukhanya, inqubo elula, izindleko eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, ubulukhuni bokunamathela kwe-chromium eqinile buzoncishiswa ngokushesha ngokukhululwa kokucindezeleka okushisayo lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokusebenza alikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kuka-427℃. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanganisela ye-stainless steel layer iphansi, futhi ukugqoka kulula ukuwa phansi.
(3) Ingaphezulu lebhola liyi-plasma nitriding, ubulukhuni bobuso bungafinyelela ku-60 ~ 65HRC, ukushuba kongqimba lwe-nitriding yokwelashwa kungu-0.20 ~ 0.40mm, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-plasma nitriding yokwelashwa kwe-substrate inqubo eqinile ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okubuthakathaka, ayikwazi isetshenziswe esitshalweni samakhemikhali etching eqinile nakwezinye izimboni.
(4) Inqubo ye-ball surface supersonic spraying (HVOF), ubulukhuni buphezulu kakhulu, ingafinyelela ku-70 ~ 75HRC, amandla aphezulu, ukujiya okungu-0.3 ~ 0.4mm, ukufutha nge-supersonic kuyinqubo eyinhloko yokuqina kwebhola. Uketshezi olubonakalayo oluphezulu ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo, isofthiwe yesistimu yemishini ye-petrochemical, imboni yamandla namakhemikhali; Le nqubo yokuqina isetshenziswa oketshezini oluningi oluyinhlanganisela, imidiya yoketshezi egqwala kakhulu enomsizi nezinhlayiya eziqinile.
Inqubo yokufafaza nge-supersonic iyinqubo lapho ukushiswa kukaphethiloli we-oxygen kubangela ukuthi igesi yokucindezela okukhulu isheshise umthelela wezinhlayiya zempushana endaweni yokusebenza yomkhiqizo futhi ikhiqize ukumbozwa okuphezulu okuphezulu. Kusixhumanisi sokushayisana, ngoba ijubane lezinhlayiyana liyashesha (500-750m / s) futhi izinga lokushisa lezinhlayiyana liphansi (-3000 ℃), ukugqoka okunamandla okubopha okuphezulu, i-porosity ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe okuhlobene kwe-metal oxide kungatholakala ngemuva ukungqubuzana endaweni yokusebenza. Isici se-HVOF ukuthi ijubane lezinhlayiyana ze-alloy powder lidlula isivinini somsindo, ngisho nezikhathi ezi-2 ~ 3 zejubane lomsindo, futhi isivinini esimaphakathi sesiphepho izikhathi ezi-4 zejubane lomsindo.
I-HVOF iwubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza nokucubungula, ukujiya kwepende ku-0.3 ~ 0.4mm, phakathi kwe-coating kanye ne-workpiece mechanical bonding, amandla okubopha okuphezulu (77MPa), i-porosity yokunamathela iphansi ( I-spray welding yinqubo yokufafaza nge-arc ebusweni bezinto ezihlanganisiwe zensimbi. Kunge-pyreogen powder (impushana yensimbi, i-alloy powder, i-ceramic powder ingaba) ukufudumeza ukuncibilika noma ukwenza i-plasticity ephezulu, nesishingishane sigeleza kuso, sinqwabelana phezu komkhiqizo ngemuva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili, kwakha ungqimba kanye nesiqeshana somkhiqizo. ubuso (ipuleti) ungqimba oluqinile lwe-fusion (welding).
Futha i-welding kanye ne-spray welding hardbase process alloy kanye ne-substrate inenqubo yokuncibilika, ithuluzi lokusika i-carbide kanye ne-substrate inendawo encibilikayo eshisayo, ukuze kuzuzwe ngokuphelele ukushiswa kwe-spray noma izici ze-welding carbide cutting layer, vimbela ngemva kokwelashwa ukushisela indawo encibilikayo eshisayo yokuxhumana kwensimbi. indawo, i-spray welding ehlongozwayo noma i-spray welding carbide cutting tool ukujiya kumele ibe ngaphezu kuka-3mm ngaphezulu.
3. Ukuqina kwendawo yokuxhumana ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve yesango eliqinile kanye nesihlalo se-valve kuyahambisana
Indawo yokuxhumana eshelelayo yezinto zensimbi idinga ukuba nobulukhuni obuthile, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukukhiqiza isimo sokufa. Ezinhlelweni ezithile, umehluko wokuqina phakathi kwebhola le-valve evamile kanye nesihlalo se-valve ngu-5 ~ 10HRC, futhi i-valve yokuhlukanisa ubulukhuni ingaba nempilo enhle yesevisi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwebhola nokucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphezulu, ukuze kuvikelwe ibhola akulula ukulimala nokulimala, ngokuvamile ukukhetha ubulukhuni bebhola buphakeme kunobulukhuni bendawo yokuhlala.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqina kokuqina kwesihlalo se-valve kungcono ukuze lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuqina zibambisane: (1) Ubulukhuni bebhola le-valve 55HRC, indawo yesihlalo se-valve engu-45HRC, ingaphezulu lebhola le-valve lingasebenzisa isifutho se-supersonic i-Stellite20 i-aluminium alloy, indawo yesihlalo se-valve. ingathatha isifutho sokushisela i-Stellite12 aluminium ingxubevange, ubulukhuni bokusebenzisana yi-valve yensimbi yophawu lwensimbi esetshenziswa kabanzi ubulukhuni bokuxhumanisa, ingahlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zomonakalo wensimbi yensimbi eqinile ye-valve ye-valve yebhola; Ukuqina kobuso bebhola le-valve kungu-68HRC, ingaphezulu lesihlalo se-valve ngu-58HRC, ingaphezulu lebhola le-valve lingaba yi-subsonic spraying tungsten carbide, indawo yesihlalo se-valve ingaba yi-supersonic spraying Stellite20 aluminium alloy, ubulukhuni busetshenziswa ngamandla futhi imboni yamakhemikhali, enokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nempilo yesevisi.
Phesheya kwezilwandle, ibhola le-valve nendawo yesihlalo se-valve kuhambisana ngobulukhuni obufanayo. Wonke amabhola e-valve nendawo yesihlalo se-valve asebenzisa inqubo ye-subsonic yokufafaza i-tungsten carbide, futhi ukuqina kwendawo kungaphezu kuka-72HRC. Ngisho nangaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu, ibhola le-valve nesihlalo se-valve sithinta phezulu futhi akulula ukusibulala. Kodwa okwamanje ibhola lethu le-valve lenza ubulukhuni bobuso obungaphezulu kwebhola le-valve engu-72HRC, isihlalo se-valve asibona ubuchwepheshe bokugaya obuphelele, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhola le-valve nokubambisana kwesihlalo se-valve, ukusetshenziswa kuncane.
I-4, i-hard seal esangweni i-valve ibhola le-valve ibhola kanye nokuqina kwesihlalo naka inkinga
Izinto ezingasetshenzisiwe zebhola le-valve yensimbi eqinile yesango kanye nesihlalo se-valve ngokuvamile kukhethwa ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali noma izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimelana nokugqwala, ngaphandle kwalokho ithuluzi le-carbide nesihlalo se-valve (noma ibhola) kulula ukugqwala ngezinto, okuholela ekuweni kongqimba lwamathuluzi e-carbide. phansi, kulimaze impilo yesevisi ye-valve yebhola.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwesihlalo se-valve esihlukile (noma ibhola le-valve) izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zikhethe inqubo yazo yokuqina, emkhakheni wamandla kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali isetshenziswa ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ezinezigaba ezimbili, izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ezinezigaba ezimbili zinokumelana nokugqwala okungcono. ukukhathala nokugqoka izici zokugqwala.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ezinezigaba ezimbili ziwuhlobo lwensimbi olunakho kokubili ukwakheka kwe-metallographic kanye nesakhiwo se-austenitic, i-microstructure kanye nesakhiwo se-austenitic esingaba ngu-50%, futhi indlela yezigaba ezimbili ikhona, izici zayo zokusebenza zombili ziyinsimbi ephansi ye-alloy kanye nensimbi engagqwali engama-430. izici. Ezicini ezingama-430 zensimbi engagqwali, lapho izinga lokushisa liyi-400 ~ 500 ℃ ububanzi, ukwahlukanisa okushisayo okuhlala isikhathi eside kuzoveza ukuguga okuthile, lesi simo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga okungu-475℃; Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula 400 ~ 500 ℃, izici zensimbi yezigaba ezimbili zingabhujiswa.
Uma i-spray welding noma inqubo yokusika ithuluzi lokusika i-spray isetshenziselwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ye-biphase, inqubo yokuncibilika kwethuluzi lokusika i-carbide ne-substrate (izinga lokushisa elizungezile ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-900 ℃), lizolimaza ukwakheka kwe-alloy yezinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ye-biphase. , ngakho-ke izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ze-biphase akufanele zisebenzise i-spray welding (noma i-spray welding) inqubo yokuqinisa ithuluzi lokusika i-carbide. Inqubo yokufafaza ye-supersonic ilungele inqubo yokuqina kwe-biphase yensimbi yezinto zokusetshenziswa. Inqubo yokuqina kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-alloy ye-biphase steel raw materials akukwazi ukonakala.
5. Amazwi Okuvala
Inqubo yokuqina yesayensi nenengqondo ikhethelwa isihlalo sebhola kanye ne-valve yensimbi evalwe kanzima i-valve ye-valve ye-valve ye-valve, enganquma ngokuqondile impilo yesevisi kanye nenkomba yokusebenza ye-valve yesango elivaliwe eliqinile, futhi inqubo yokuqina yesayensi nenengqondo inganciphisa izindleko. Ngokuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha, nakanjani kuzoba nezinqubo eziningi zokwelapha. Kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthi inqubo yokuqina kanye nobulukhuni bensimbi ye-valve yesango lensimbi eqinile ibambisana. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okwanele kufanele kukhokhwe ekuxhumaneni komklamo, uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, inqubo yokuqina kanye nobulukhuni be-valve yesango eliqinile.
Ama-valve ebhola aqhuma kanjani embonini yamavalvu esango? Ngawo-1950, ama-valve ebhola avela kancane kancane ekukhiqizeni okuthuthukisiwe emazweni asentshonalanga. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kancane kancane kwaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, abanye baqhubeka nokwenza izici ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthuka. Manje ezweni lakithi, ukhiye we-valve webhola osetshenziswa emishinini yezemithi, ukucwengisiswa kwe-petroleum, izitshalo zamakhemikhali zobunjiniyela be-hydraulic, amandla kagesi kamasipala wobunjiniyela bamaphepha embonini yemikhiqizo yensimbi neminye imikhakha, lezi zimboni zinesikhundla esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezenhlalo nezomnotho, ngakho-ke, i-valve yebhola ziyimishini nemishini ebalulekile kulezi zimboni.
Ngawo-1950, ama-valve ebhola avela kancane kancane ekukhiqizeni okuthuthukisiwe emazweni asentshonalanga. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kancane kancane kwaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, abanye baqhubeka nokwenza izici ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthuka. Manje ezweni lakithi, ukhiye we-valve webhola osetshenziswa emishinini yezemithi, ukucwengisiswa kwe-petroleum, izitshalo zamakhemikhali zobunjiniyela be-hydraulic, amandla kagesi kamasipala wobunjiniyela bamaphepha embonini yemikhiqizo yensimbi neminye imikhakha, lezi zimboni zinesikhundla esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezenhlalo nezomnotho, ngakho-ke, i-valve yebhola ziyimishini nemishini ebalulekile kulezi zimboni.
I-valve yebhola indlela yokuphumelela
Emkhakheni wama-valve wesango, kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-valve esango. Isizathu sokuthi kungani ama-valve ebhola angagqama futhi avame ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukuthi awakwazi ukushintshwa ngaphandle kokuhle kwawo. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinzuzo zama-valve ebhola?
Okokuqala, i-valve yebhola ayikwazi ukunakwa inzuzo iwukugqoka ukumelana. Ngokusho kochwepheshe bemboni kanye nesingeniso esinemininingwane yabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe, i-valve yesango, ukumelana nokugqoka kuyisici esibalulekile sokukala ikhwalithi ye-valve yesango, indandatho yokuvala i-rubber ye-valve yebhola i-carbon steel spray spray, kanye nokuvalwa kwe-valve jikelele. indandatho iyipulasitiki noma amanye ama-alloys, izinto ezihlukahlukene azizona i-valve ye-carbon steel sulfing bafake ukumelana.
“Njengoba sazi sonke, i-valve yesango iyiswishi, okumele ivulwe futhi ivalwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, indandatho yokuvala izolimala kakhulu, kodwa indandatho yokuvala ye-valve yebhola ayijwayele ukungena. isimo esinjalo.” Uma imboni ikhombisa.
Okwesibili, ukuvala i-valve yebhola kuhle kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ukubekwa uphawu kwe-valve yebhola akukona ukugaya imishini, kodwa ngokugaya okwenziwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokuhambisana liphakeme, ngakho-ke ukubekwa uphawu kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yesevisi ye-valve yebhola yinde kakhulu. Kuphinde kube yibhizinisi lokukhiqiza imishini yomugqa wokukhiqiza ukunaka kakhulu.
"Ngenxa yokuthi isidingo sivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza okubucayi, yiqiniso, uma impilo yayo yesevisi ingende ngokwanele, ngokuvamile idinga ukushintshwa, izoba nzima kakhulu, izoholela emaphutheni amaningi."
Amakhono okukhetha imodeli ye-valve yebhola ongawabelana ngayo
I-valve yebhola njengokuthembela ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni kwezihlalo ze-valve, ikhwalithi yokuqina komshini wayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho ekukhethweni kwemodeli ukuhambisana nemininingwane ethile, ukuze kuzuzwe ngempela izidingo zangempela.
Namathisela ukubaluleka ekukhethweni kwezicaciso. Ngokwezibalo, ukuminyana koketshezi lwe-valve yebhola ngokuvamile akukukhulu, isiteshi sokuphepha kanye nepayipi ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana, ngakho-ke kungasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo ezizwela kakhulu isimo sokusebenza sempahla. Lapho sikhetha lolu hlobo lwe-valve yesango, kufanele sinake ukukhethwa kokucaciswa. Imininingwane ayifani nesisindo senetha, futhi umphumela ungafinyelelwa awufani.
Ukucatshangelwa kwentengo okusebenzayo. Ekukhethweni kwama-valve, ngaphezu kokuthenga nxazonke, kufanele futhi sinake ukucabangela, inqobo nje uma ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ze-can, akudingeki ukuba ukhethe ukucaciswa okukhulu noma okubalulekile okubalulekile yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-valve ebhola angaguquki angamagumbi avaliwe. Uma zisetshenziswa emithonjeni yezinga lokushisa eliphansi noma ezindaweni zemvelo ezingase zikhiqize ukuhwamuka, ama-valve esango aqukethe amadivaysi okukhululwa kufanele akhethwe. Uma kufaneleka, i-valve yebhola idinga ukushintshwa ibe yi-valve ye-disc noma i-valve yokusika.
Imboni igcizelela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-valve yesango ngokujwayelekile lungasetshenziselwa ukunqanyulwa kwamapayipi ngaphandle kwezinga lebhola. Uma kunesidingo, ukukhethwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-valve nakho kungakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sokuphepha, esingaqinisekisa ukuthi singakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zeziteshi eziningana zokuphepha futhi sinciphise inani eliphelele lezicelo ze-valve njengoba kude ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kuyafaneleka ukukukhumbuza ukuthi ukukhethwa kwama-valve ebhola nakho kuyakwazisa ukukhethwa kwemikhiqizo eyaziwayo kanye namanani abo. Kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile ukukhetha i-valve yesango engabizi kakhulu.