Inzira ifunze ibyuma bifunga ibyuma bikomye inzira Muri make ibisobanuro byukuntu imipira yumupira isohoka mu nganda zikora amarembo?

Inzira ifunze ibyuma bifunga ibyuma bikomye inzira Muri make ibisobanuro byukuntu imipira yumupira isohoka mu nganda zikora amarembo?

 
Mu mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, porogaramu ya sisitemu y’ibikoresho bya peteroli, ingufu n’inganda zikoresha amazi menshi cyane, hamwe na soot hamwe nuduce twinshi two guhuza amazi, kwangirika gukomeye kwamazi n’ibindi bitangazamakuru, imipira yumupira igomba gukoresha ibikoresho byuma bikomeye kashe ya valve valve, bityo gukoresha ibikoresho byicyuma gikwiye kashe ya marembo ya valve ball ball ball hamwe ninzira yo gukomera ni ngombwa cyane.
1. Intangiriro
Mu mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, porogaramu ya sisitemu y’ibikoresho bya peteroli, ingufu n’inganda zikoresha amazi menshi cyane, hamwe na soot hamwe nuduce twinshi two guhuza amazi, kwangirika gukomeye kwamazi n’ibindi bitangazamakuru, imipira yumupira igomba gukoresha ibikoresho byuma bikomeye kashe ya valve valve, bityo gukoresha ibikoresho byicyuma gikwiye kashe ya marembo ya valve ball ball ball hamwe ninzira yo gukomera ni ngombwa cyane.
2, ibikoresho byicyuma bikomeye kashe yumuryango valve umupira wumupira nuburyo bwo gukomera
Kugeza ubu, inzira isanzwe yo gukomera hejuru yicyuma gikomeye kashe ya kashe ya valve ball valve ni nkibi bikurikira:
. gusudira gusudira biroroshye gukora ibice byahinduwe, ubungubu umupira wo hejuru ukomerezaho ni bike.
. Nyamara, ubukana bwa chromium ikomeye izagabanuka byihuse kurekurwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse, kandi ubushyuhe bwimikorere ntibushobora kuba hejuru ya 427 ℃. Mubyongeyeho, guhuza ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ni bike, kandi gutwikira biroroshye kugwa.
. gukoreshwa mu ruganda rukora imiti ninganda zikomeye nizindi nganda.
. Amazi menshi ya viscous mumashanyarazi yumuriro, software ya sisitemu ya ibikoresho bya peteroli, ingufu ninganda; Ubu buryo bwo gukomera bukoreshwa mubice byinshi byamazi, ibintu byangirika cyane byamazi hamwe na soot hamwe nuduce twinshi.
Uburyo bwo gutera imiti ya supersonic ni inzira yo gutwika amavuta ya ogisijeni itera gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi kwihutisha ingaruka ziterwa nuduce twinshi twa poro kumurimo wibicuruzwa kandi bikabyara hejuru cyane. Muguhuza kugongana, kubera ko umuvuduko wibice byihuta (500-750m / s) kandi ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo buri hasi (-3000 ℃), igifuniko gifite imbaraga nyinshi zihuza, ububobere buke hamwe nicyuma gike cya okiside irashobora kuboneka nyuma ya kugongana hejuru yumurimo. Ikiranga HVOF ni uko umuvuduko wibice byifu ya alloy irenze umuvuduko wijwi, ndetse inshuro 2 ~ 3 zumuvuduko wijwi, naho impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyikubye inshuro 4 umuvuduko wijwi.
HVOF nubuhanga bushya bwo gutunganya no gutunganya, gusiga irangi 0.3 ~ 0.4mm, hagati yikibiriti nigikorwa cyo gukanika imashini, imbaraga nyinshi zo guhuza (77MPa), gushira hejuru ni bike ( Gusudira gusudira ni inzira ya arc gutera hejuru yibikoresho bigize ibyuma. Binyuze mu ifu ya pyreogen (ifu yicyuma, ifu yivanze, ifu ya ceramic irashobora kuba) gushyushya gushonga cyangwa gukora plastike ndende, hamwe na cyclone kuri yo irasuka, ikusanyirizwa hejuru yibicuruzwa nyuma yo kuvurwa mbere, igakora igicapo nigikorwa cyibicuruzwa. hejuru (isahani) ikomeye yo guhuza (gusudira).
Gusasira gusudira no gusudira gusudira ibyuma bisobekeranye hamwe na substrate bifite uburyo bwo gushonga, igikoresho cyo gukata karbide hamwe na substrate bifite ahantu hashyushye, kugirango ugere byimazeyo gusudira cyangwa gusudira gusudira karbide ikata ibice, birinda nyuma yo kuvura gusudira ahantu hashyushye kugirango habeho ibyuma agace, icyifuzo cyo gusudira gusudira cyangwa gutera spray gusudira karbide yo kugabanya ibikoresho bigomba kuba birenze 3mm hejuru.
3. Ubukomere bwahantu ho guhurira harikidodo gikomeye cya kashe ya valve ball ball hamwe nintebe ya valve irahuza hamwe
Kunyerera hejuru yibikoresho byicyuma bigomba kugira ubukana runaka, bitabaye ibyo byoroshye kubyara ibintu byurupfu. Mubisobanuro byihariye, itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yumupira rusange wa valve nintebe ya valve ni 5 ~ 10HRC, kandi ubukana butandukanye umupira wumupira urashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza bwa serivisi. Kuberako umusaruro wumupira nogutunganya ibintu, igiciro kinini cyumusaruro, murwego rwo kurinda umupira ntibyoroshye kwangirika no kwangirika, mubisanzwe hitamo ubukana bwumupira burenze ubukomere bwubuso bwintebe.
Intebe yumupira hamwe na valve ihuza hejuru yubukorikori hamwe nibyiza kubwoko bubiri bwokugorana gufatanya: Irashobora gufata spray welding Stellite12 aluminiyumu, ubukana bwo guhuza hamwe nicyuma kashe ya ball ball ball ikoreshwa cyane guhuza imbaraga, irashobora kuzuza ibyangiritse byibanze byibikoresho byicyuma gikomeye kashe ya valve ball ball valve; Ubuso bukomeye bwumupira wa valve ni 68HRC, hejuru yintebe ya valve ni 58HRC, ubuso bwumupira wa valve burashobora kuba subsonic gutera tungsten karbide, hejuru yintebe ya valve irashobora kuba supersonic gutera spellite20 aluminium alloy, ubukana bukoreshwa nimbaraga na uruganda rukora imiti, hamwe no guhangana cyane nubuzima bwa serivisi.
Mu mahanga, umupira wa valve na valve intebe yubuso bihuye hamwe nubukomere bumwe. Umupira wose wa valve numwanya wintebe wububiko bifata subsonic spray tungsten carbide inzira, kandi ubukana bwubuso burenga 72HRC. Ndetse no muburyo bukomeye cyane, umupira wa valve nintebe ya valve ukora hejuru kandi ntibyoroshye kwica. Ariko kuri ubu umupira wacu wa valve ukora ubukana bwumupira urenga 72HRC wumupira, intebe ya valve ntabwo ari tekinoroji yo gusya, biragoye kwemeza umupira wa valve hamwe nubufatanye bwintebe, gusaba ni bike.
4, kashe ikomeye irembo valve umupira wumupira wumupira hamwe nintebe ikomera witondere ikibazo
Ibikoresho bibisi byicyuma gifunga kashe ya valve umupira nintebe ya valve muri rusange byatoranijwe icyuma kidafite ingese cyangwa ibikoresho bibisi birwanya ruswa, naho ubundi ibikoresho bya karbide hamwe nintebe ya valve (cyangwa umupira) byoroshye guhuza ibintu, bigatuma ibikoresho bya karbide bigwa hasi, kwangiza ubuzima bwa serivisi ya ball ball.
Byongeye kandi, ukurikije intebe zitandukanye za valve (cyangwa umupira wa valve) ibikoresho fatizo bigomba guhitamo uburyo bwabyo bwo gukomera, mubijyanye ningufu ninganda zikora imiti bikoreshwa mubikoresho fatizo byibyuma bibiri, ibikoresho byibyuma byibyiciro bibiri bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa umunaniro no kwambara ibiranga ruswa.
Ibyiciro bibiri by'ibyuma bibisi ni ubwoko bwibyuma bifite imiterere ya metallografiya nuburyo bwa austenitike, microstructure hamwe na austenitike yubatswe hafi 50%, kandi ibyiciro bibiri birahari, imikorere yabyo ni ibyuma bito bito hamwe nicyuma 430 kitagira umuyonga ibiranga. Muri 430 ibiranga ibyuma bitagira umwanda, mugihe ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 400 ~ 500 ℃, ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwumuriro buzatanga gusaza runaka, iki kibazo cyitwa 475 ℃ gusaza; Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 400 ~ 500 ℃, ibiranga ibyuma bibiri birashobora gusenywa.
Niba spray welding cyangwa spray welding carbide ibikoresho byo gukata bikoreshwa mubikoresho fatizo bya biphase ibyuma, inzira yo gushonga igikoresho cyo gukata karbide na substrate (ubushyuhe bwibidukikije muri rusange burenga 900 ℃), byangiza ibice bivangwa nibikoresho bya biphase ibyuma , ibikoresho bya biphase ibyuma rero ntibigomba gukoresha gusudira spray (cyangwa spray welding) ibikoresho byo gukata karbide. Uburyo bwo gutera spersonic uburyo bukwiranye nuburyo bwo gukomera bwibikoresho bya biphase. Igikorwa cyo gukomera kigomba kwemeza ko ibivanze bivangwa na biphase ibyuma fatizo bidashobora kwangirika.
5. Ijambo risoza
Uburyo bwa siyansi kandi bushyize mu gaciro bwatoranijwe kumupira hamwe na valve intebe yicyuma gikomeye gifunze amarembo ya valve ball ball, ishobora kugena neza ubuzima bwa serivisi nigipimo cyerekana imikorere yicyuma gikomeye gifunze amarembo, kandi inzira yubumenyi kandi yumvikana irashobora kugabanya ikiguzi. Hamwe no kugaragara kwikoranabuhanga rishya, byanze bikunze hazabaho inzira nyinshi zo gukiza. Nibibazo bikomeye cyane ko inzira yo gukomera no gukomera byicyuma gikomeye kashe ya rugi valve ikorana. Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitabwaho bihagije guhuza igishushanyo, ubwoko bwibintu, inzira yo gukomera hamwe nubukomezi bwikariso ikomeye.
Nigute imipira yumupira isohoka mu nganda za valve? Mu myaka ya za 1950, imipira yumupira yagaragaye buhoro buhoro mu bicuruzwa byateye imbere mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba. Kandi imikoreshereze yacyo yagiye ikomeza kwiyongera, nabandi bakomeje gukora ibintu bitandukanye byiterambere. Ubu mu gihugu cyacu, urufunguzo rwa valve rukoreshwa mu mashini zikoreshwa mu bya farumasi, gutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli, uruganda rukora imiti ya hydraulic, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi amakompanyi y’inganda zikoreshwa mu byuma n’izindi nzego, izo nganda zifite umwanya w’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu, bityo, umupira w’umupira ni imashini nibikoresho byingirakamaro muriyi nganda.
Mu myaka ya za 1950, imipira yumupira yagaragaye buhoro buhoro mu bicuruzwa byateye imbere mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba. Kandi imikoreshereze yacyo yagiye ikomeza kwiyongera, nabandi bakomeje gukora ibintu bitandukanye byiterambere. Ubu mu gihugu cyacu, urufunguzo rwa valve rukoreshwa mu mashini zikoreshwa mu bya farumasi, gutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli, uruganda rukora imiti ya hydraulic, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi amakompanyi y’inganda zikoreshwa mu byuma n’izindi nzego, izo nganda zifite umwanya w’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu, bityo, umupira w’umupira ni imashini nibikoresho byingirakamaro muriyi nganda.
Umupira wumupira wuburyo bwiza
Mu murima wamarembo, hariho amarembo atandukanye. Impamvu ituma imipira yumupira ishobora guhagarara kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mubice bitandukanye nuko idashobora gusimburwa nta nyungu zabo. None, ni izihe nyungu zumupira wumupira?
Ubwa mbere, umupira wumupira ntushobora kwirengagizwa inyungu ni ukurwanya kwambara. Nk’uko byatangajwe n’abakozi b’umwuga n’ubuhanga mu bya tekinike, ku buryo burambuye, ku cyerekezo cy’irembo, kwihanganira kwambara nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyo gupima ubuziranenge bw’irembo, impeta yo gufunga reberi y’umupira w’umupira ni gusudira ibyuma bya karuboni, hamwe na kashe rusange. impeta ni plastiki cyangwa ibindi bivangavanze, ibikoresho bitandukanye ntabwo ari umupira wa valve carbone ibyuma bigaragara hejuru yo kwambara.
Ati: "Nkuko twese tubizi, valve y irembo ni switch, igomba gukingurwa no gufungwa icyarimwe, ariko mugihe kimwe, impeta yo gufunga izangirika cyane, ariko impeta yo gufunga umupira wumupira ntabwo ikunda ibintu nk'ibi. ” Niba inganda zerekana.
Icya kabiri, gufunga umupira wa valve nibyiza cyane. Dukurikije imibare, gufunga umupira wumupira ntabwo ari ugusya ibikoresho, ahubwo ni ugusya ibihimbano, kugirango urwego rwubahirizwa ruri hejuru, bityo kashe yizewe cyane.
Mubyongeyeho, umupira wa valve serivisi ubuzima ni ndende cyane. Ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho byumurongo wibikorwa byitabwaho cyane.
Ati: "Kubera ko ibikenewe bikunze gukoreshwa mu bice byinshi by’umusaruro ukomeye, birumvikana ko niba ubuzima bwa serivisi butaba burebure bihagije, akenshi bigomba gusimburwa, bizahinduka ibibazo cyane, bizatera amakosa menshi."
Umupira wo guhitamo icyitegererezo cyo guhitamo gusangira
Umupira wumupira nkuwishingikirije kumyanya yo gufungura no gufunga ibice, ubuziranenge bwimashini yayo ni ngombwa cyane. Mu guhitamo icyitegererezo rero kugirango ukurikize amakuru arambuye, kugirango ugere kubyo ukeneye byukuri.
Shyira akamaro ku guhitamo ibisobanuro. Dukurikije imibare, ubucucike bwumupira wa valve muri rusange ntabwo ari bunini, umuyoboro wumutekano hamwe numuyoboro ni bimwe, bityo birashobora gukoreshwa mubice bimwe na bimwe byunvikana kumikorere yibikoresho. Mugihe duhitamo ubu bwoko bwirembo valve, tugomba kwitondera guhitamo ibisobanuro. Ibisobanuro ntabwo bisa nuburemere bwa net, kandi ingaruka zirashobora kugerwaho ntabwo arimwe.
Gusuzuma neza igiciro. Muguhitamo indangagaciro, usibye guhaha hirya no hino, tugomba nanone kwitondera gushyira mu gaciro, mugihe cyose bishobora guhura nibikenewe byihariye, ntugomba guhitamo ibisobanuro binini cyangwa net bifite akamaro ni byiza guhitamo.
Mubyongeyeho, imipira ihamye yumupira ifunze ibyumba bya valve. Niba bikoreshwa mubitangazamakuru byo hasi yubushyuhe cyangwa ibidukikije bisanzwe bishobora kubyara umwuka, indangagaciro zirembo zirimo ibikoresho byo kurekura zigomba guhitamo. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, umupira wumupira ugomba guhinduka muburyo bwa disiki cyangwa gukata.
Inganda zishimangira ko ubu bwoko bwamarembo muri rusange bushobora gukoreshwa muguhagarika imiyoboro idafite umupira wamaguru. Nibiba ngombwa, gutoranya ubu bwoko bwa valve birashobora kandi gutoranywa ukurikije ibikenewe mu iyubakwa ry'umuyoboro w’umutekano, ushobora kwemeza ko ushobora guhuza ibikenewe n’imiyoboro myinshi y’umutekano kandi ukagabanya umubare rusange w’ibisabwa na valve nkuko kure hashoboka.
Birakwiye kukwibutsa ko guhitamo imipira yumupira nabyo biha agaciro guhitamo ibirango bizwi nibiciro byabyo. Nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo guhitamo igiciro cyiza cyane.