Ke kaʻina hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana i ke kinipōpō metala.

Ke kaʻina hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana i ke kinipōpō metala.

 
I nā mea kanu wela, nā lako polokalamu petrochemical ʻōnaehana, ka ikehu a me ka ʻoihana kemika kiʻekiʻe viscous wai, me ka soot a me nā ʻāpana paʻa o ka hui pū ʻana o ka wai, ka ʻino ikaika o ka wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻohana nā kiwi pōlele i nā mea metala paʻakikī seal gate valve valve, no laila. He mea nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea metala paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa kīpē kīpē a me ka paʻakikī noho.
1. Hoʻolauna pōkole
I nā mea kanu wela, nā lako polokalamu petrochemical ʻōnaehana, ka ikehu a me ka ʻoihana kemika kiʻekiʻe viscous wai, me ka soot a me nā ʻāpana paʻa o ka hui pū ʻana o ka wai, ka ʻino ikaika o ka wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻohana nā kiwi pōlele i nā mea metala paʻakikī seal gate valve valve, no laila. He mea nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea metala paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa kīpē kīpē a me ka paʻakikī noho.
2, mea metala paʻa paʻa paʻa kīpē kīpē pōlele pōlele a me ka noho hardening ala
I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī maʻamau ma luna o ka ʻili o ka metala paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa kiwi kīpē pōleʻa ka mea nui penei:
(1) ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka pōleʻa (a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana) cemented carbide mea hana, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hiki ma kahi o 40HRC, paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana o ka mea hana carbide, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka hana a me ka hana nui. He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana, i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī pōpō.
(2) Ka poepoe ili paʻakikī oxidation, paakiki hiki ke hiki i 60 ~ 65HRC, mānoanoa 0.07 ~ 0.10mm, kuhiliʻole kila papa kiʻekiʻe paakiki, aahu ke kuʻekuʻe, corrosion kū'ē a hiki ke malama i ka ili malamalama, maʻalahi kaʻina hana, haʻahaʻa kumu kūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻemi koke ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka paʻa chromium paʻakikī e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kona koʻikoʻi wela ke piʻi ka mahana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana hana ma mua o 427 ℃. Eia kekahi, he haʻahaʻa ka hui pū ʻana o ke kila kila, a maʻalahi ka hāʻule ʻana o ka uhi.
(3) ʻO ka ili o ka pōleʻa he plasma nitriding, hiki i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili ke hiki i 60 ~ 65HRC, ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka papa hana nitriding he 0.20 ~ 0.40mm, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa plasma nitriding mālama ʻana i ke kaʻina substrate paʻakikī ma muli o kona nāwaliwali corrosion kū'ē, ʻaʻole hiki. e hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kanu kemika ikaika etching a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
(4) Kaʻina Ball surface supersonic spraying (HVOF), he kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻakikī, hiki ke hiki i 70 ~ 75HRC, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, mānoanoa 0.3 ~ 0.4mm, supersonic spraying ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana nui o ka paʻakikī o ka ili. ʻO ka wai viscous kiʻekiʻe i nā mea kanu wela, nā lako polokalamu ʻōnaehana petrochemical, ka ikehu a me ka ʻoihana kemika; Hoʻohana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana paʻakikī i ka hapa nui o ka wai i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi loa ka corrosive fluid media me ka soot a me nā ʻāpana paʻa.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe supersonic kahi hana e hoʻopau ai ka puhi ʻana o ka wahie oxygen i ke kinoea kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolalelale i ka hopena o nā ʻāpana pauka ma ka ʻili mea hana o ka huahana a hana i kahi uhi uhi kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka loulou collision, no ka mea, ua wikiwiki ka māmā māmā (500-750m / s) a he haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka ʻāpana (-3000 ℃), hiki ke loaʻa ka uhi me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa porosity a me ka haʻahaʻa metala oxide pili ma hope o ka kuʻi ma luna o ka ʻili mea hana. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka HVOF ʻo ia ka wikiwiki o ka pauka alloy ma mua o ka wikiwiki o ke kani, ʻo 2 ~ 3 mau manawa o ka wikiwiki o ke kani, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka makani ʻino he 4 mau manawa o ka wikiwiki o ke kani.
ʻO ka HVOF kahi hana hou a me ka hana ʻenehana, pena mānoanoa 0.3 ~ 0.4mm, ma waena o ka uhi ʻana a me ka workpiece mechanical bonding, kiʻekiʻe hoʻopaʻa ikaika (77MPa), haʻahaʻa ( ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana he hana ia o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke arc ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea metala composite. Ma o ka pauka pyreogen (ka pauka metala, ka pauka alloy, ka pauka seramika) hiki ke hoʻomehana ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe a hana i ka plasticity kiʻekiʻe, me ka cyclone e kahe ana, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka huahana ma hope o ka mālama mua ʻana, e hana ana i kahi papa a me ka mea hana huahana. ʻili (pā) paʻa fusion coating (weld) papa.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe a me ka substrate, ʻo ka mea ʻoki carbide a me ka substrate he wahi wela wela, i mea e hoʻokō pono ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka carbide ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona, pale ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wahi wela wela no ka hoʻopili mea metala. ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa o ka mea ʻoki carbide ma mua o 3mm ma luna.
3. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka wahi hoʻopili o ka paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa kīpē a me ka noho kiwi ua kūpono kekahi i kekahi
Pono ka paʻakikī o ka ili hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea metala, i ʻole e maʻalahi ke hana i ke kūlana o ka make. Ma nā noi kikoʻī, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa paʻakikī ma waena o ka pōpō valve maʻamau a me ka noho valve ʻo 5 ~ 10HRC, a hiki i ka paʻakikī ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa pōpō pōpō hiki ke loaʻa kahi ola lawelawe maikaʻi. No ka mea, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hana pōʻino a me ka hana ʻana o ka pōleʻa, ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, i mea e pale ai i ka pōʻino a me ka pōʻino, koho maʻamau i ka paʻakikī o ka pōleʻa ma mua o ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o ka noho.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano ʻelua o ka paʻakikī e hui pū kekahi me kekahi: (1) ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka 55HRC, ka ʻili o ka noho kiwi 45HRC, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka supersonic spraying Stellite20 aluminika alumini, ka ʻili o ka noho valve. hiki ke lawe i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o Stellite12 alumini alumini, ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻohui like ʻana ʻo ia ka pahu kila sila pōlele hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi poino kumu o nā mea metala paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa kīpē pōlele; ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka pōpō valve he 68HRC, ʻo ka ili o ka noho valve he 58HRC, ʻo ka ʻili o ka pōpō valve hiki ke subsonic spraying tungsten carbide, ka ʻili o ka noho valve hiki ke supersonic spraying Stellite20 alumini alumini, hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakikī me ka ikehu a ʻoihana kemika, me ka pale lole kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola lawelawe.
Ma nā ʻāina ʻē, hoʻohālikelike ka pōpō valve a me ka noho valve me ka paʻakikī like. ʻO ka pōleʻa valve āpau a me ka papa noho valve e hoʻohana i ke kaʻina hana subsonic spraying tungsten carbide, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili ma mua o 72HRC. ʻOiai ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa, pili ka pōpō valve a me ka noho valve i ka ʻili a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e pepehi. Akā, i kēia manawa kā mākou kiwi pōpō e hana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o 72HRC valve ball, valve noho ʻaʻole kūpono i ka ʻenehana wili, paʻakikī ke hōʻoia i ka hui ʻana o ka pōpō valve a me ka hui noho valve, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka noi.
4, paʻa paʻa paʻa kīpē kīpē a me ka noho paakiki e hoʻolohe i ka pilikia
ʻO nā mea maka o ka pōlele ʻīpuka sila a me ka noho valve e koho maʻamau i ka pā kila kuhiliʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea waiwai kūʻē i ka corrosion, a i ʻole ka mea hana carbide a me ka noho valve (a i ʻole ka pōleʻa) hui pū ʻia e maʻalahi ke ʻino ʻia e nā mea, e hopena i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka papa hana carbide. i lalo, e hoʻopōʻino i ke ola lawelawe o ka pahu kinipōpō.
Eia kekahi, e like me ka noho valve ʻokoʻa (a i ʻole valve ball) pono nā mea maka e koho i kā lākou kaʻina hana paʻakikī, ma ke kahua o ka ikehu a me ka ʻoihana kemika ua hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kila kila ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion. luhi a ʻaʻahu i nā ʻano corrosion.
ʻO nā mea kila ʻelua ʻāpana he ʻano kila me ka hoʻolālā metallographic a me ka hoʻolālā austenitic, ka microstructure a me ka austenitic structure e pili ana i 50%, a aia nā ʻano hana ʻelua, ʻo kāna mau hiʻohiʻona hana ʻelua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me 430 stainless steel. hiʻona. I loko o 430 mau hiʻohiʻona kila kila, i ka wā o ka mahana he 400 ~ 500 ℃ pae, e hoʻohua ka insulation thermal lōʻihi i kahi ʻelemakule, ua kapa ʻia kēia kūlana he 475 ℃ ʻelemakule; Ke piʻi ka mahana ma mua o 400 ~ 500 ℃, hiki ke luku ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kila ʻelua.
Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kaʻina hana ʻoki carbide no nā mea kila biphase, ʻo ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mea ʻoki carbide a me ka substrate (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana ambient ma mua o 900 ℃), e hōʻino i ka hui ʻana o nā mea kila biphase. , no laila, ʻaʻole pono nā mea kila biphase e hoʻohana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana) ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī. He kūpono ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe supersonic no ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī ili o nā mea kila biphase. Pono ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻino ʻia ka hui ʻana o nā mea kila biphase.
5. Olelo Hoopau
Ua koho 'ia ka 'epekema a me ke kupono hardening kaʻina no ka poepoe a me ka pahupahū noho o ka metala paakiki i hoʻopaʻa 'ia i ka puka pōpō pōlele kiwikā, hiki ke hoʻoholo pololei i ke ola lawelawe a me ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka metala paakiki i hoʻopaʻa 'ia i ka 'īpuka kiwikā, a me ka 'epekema a me ke kaʻina hana paakiki hiki ke hoemi i ka uku. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā ʻenehana hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻina hana hoʻōla. He pilikia koʻikoʻi ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻina hana a me ka paʻakikī o ka metala paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa e hui pū kekahi me kekahi. No laila, pono e uku pono i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hoʻolālā, ke ʻano mea, ka hana paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī o ka ʻīpuka paʻa paʻa.
Pehea ka puka ʻana o nā kiwi pōpō i ka ʻoihana kiwi puka? I ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻike ʻia nā kiwi pōlele i ka hana ʻenehana o nā ʻāina komohana. A ua hoʻomau ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana, e nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi. I kēia manawa i ko mākou ʻāina, kī kī kī i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mīkini lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, nā mea kanu kemika hydraulic ʻenekinia, ka mana uila o ka ʻenehana mīkini pepa ʻoihana huahana kila a me nā kula ʻē aʻe, he kūlana koʻikoʻi kēia mau ʻoihana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pilikanaka a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, no laila, ʻo ka pōlele pōlele. he mau mīkini a me nā mea pono i kēia mau ʻoihana.
I ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻike ʻia nā kiwi pōlele i ka hana ʻenehana o nā ʻāina komohana. A ua hoʻomau ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana, e nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi. I kēia manawa i ko mākou ʻāina, kī kī kī i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mīkini lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, nā mea kanu kemika hydraulic ʻenekinia, ka mana uila o ka ʻenehana mīkini pepa ʻoihana huahana kila a me nā kula ʻē aʻe, he kūlana koʻikoʻi kēia mau ʻoihana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pilikanaka a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, no laila, ʻo ka pōlele pōlele. he mau mīkini a me nā mea pono i kēia mau ʻoihana.
ʻO ka pahu kinipōpō pehea e lanakila ai
Ma ke kahua o nā ʻīpuka puka, aia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā kīwaha puka. ʻO ke kumu e hiki ai ke kū i waho a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kīpē pōleʻa ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia me ka ʻole o kā lākou pono. No laila, he aha nā mea maikaʻi o nā kiwi pōpō?
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia ka pōleʻa pōleʻa ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana. Wahi a ka ʻoihana ʻoihana a me nā limahana loea i ka hoʻopuka kikoʻī, no ka valve puka, ʻo ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu ke kumu nui e ana i ka maikaʻi o ka valve puka, ʻo ke apo hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana o ka pahu pōleʻa he kalapona kila kila, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka valve maʻamau. ʻO ke apo he plastik a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole nā ​​ʻano mea like ʻole ka pōleʻa pōleʻa carbon steel surfacing wear resistance.
"E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ke kīpē ʻīpuka he hoʻololi, pono e wehe ʻia a pani ʻia i ka manawa like, akā i ka manawa like, e hōʻino nui ʻia ke apo hoʻopaʻa, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke apo sealing o ka valve ball. ʻano kūlana. Inā hōʻike ka ʻoihana.
ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pōlele. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻaʻole ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka valve ball ma ka wili ʻana i nā mea hana, akā ma ka wili ʻana, e hōʻoia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokō ʻana, no laila e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ka sila.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ball valve. He ʻoihana hana hoʻi ia no nā lako laina hana e nānā nui ʻia.
"No ka mea, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pono ma nā wahi he nui o ka hana koʻikoʻi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, inā ʻaʻole lōʻihi kona ola lawelawe, pono e hoʻololi pinepine ʻia, e lilo ia i mea pilikia, e alakaʻi i nā hewa he nui."
Nā mākau koho kŘkohu kŘkohu poepoe e kaʻana like
ʻO ka pahu pōleʻa e like me ka hilinaʻi i ka wehe ʻana o ka noho valve a me nā ʻāpana pani, he mea nui ka maikaʻi o kāna mīkini paʻa. No laila, i ke koho kŘkohu e hoʻokō i kekahi mau kiko'ī, i mea e hoʻokō maoli i nā pono maoli.
Hoʻopili i ka mea nui i ke koho ʻana i nā kikoʻī. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka wai o ka ball valve, ʻo ke ala palekana a me ka pipeline ka mea like, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau wahi e pili pono ana i ke kūlana hana o ka mea. I ke koho ʻana i kēia ʻano valve puka, pono mākou e hoʻolohe i ke koho ʻana o nā kikoʻī. ʻAʻole like nā kikoʻī me ka paona ʻupena, a ʻaʻole like ka hopena i hiki ke hoʻokō.
Noonoo pono i ke kumukuai. I ke koho ʻana i nā valves, ma waho aʻe o ke kūʻai ʻana a puni, pono mākou e hoʻolohe i ka noʻonoʻo, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono kikoʻī o ke kini, ʻaʻole pono e koho i nā kikoʻī nui a i ʻole koʻikoʻi nui ka koho maikaʻi loa.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā pahu pōpō paʻa i pani ʻia nā keʻena valve. Inā hoʻohana ʻia lākou i loko o ka media haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​wahi kūlohelohe e hoʻohua ai i ka vaporization, pono e koho ʻia nā ʻīpuka puka me nā mea hoʻokuʻu. I ka wā kūpono, pono e hoʻololi ʻia ke kīpē pōleʻa i loko o ka valve disc a i ʻole ka valve i ʻoki ʻia.
Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻoihana e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano kīwaha puka ma ke ʻano no ka hemo ʻana o ka paipu me ka ʻole o ka maʻamau. Inā pono, hiki ke koho ʻia ke koho ʻana o kēia ʻano valve e like me nā pono o ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kahawai palekana, hiki ke hōʻoia i hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o kekahi mau ala palekana a hoʻemi i ka nui o nā noi o ka valve e like me mamao loa.
He mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe ʻo ke koho ʻana i nā kiwi pōleʻa e waiwai pū kekahi i ke koho ʻana o nā hōʻailona kaulana a me kā lākou mau kumukūʻai. He koho naʻauao ke koho ʻana i ka valve ʻīpuka ʻoi loa ke kumu kūʻai.