Inkqubo yokuqina kwevalve yebhola etywiniweyo Inkcazo emfutshane yendlela iivalvu zebhola eziqhambuka ngayo kushishino lwevalvu yesango?

Inkqubo yokuqina kwevalve yebhola etywiniweyo Inkcazo emfutshane yendlela iivalvu zebhola eziqhambuka ngayo kushishino lwevalvu yesango?

 
Kwizityalo zamandla ashushu, izixhobo zepetrochemical software, amandla kunye neshishini lemichiza ulwelo oluphezulu lwe-viscous, olunomsizi kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo okudityaniswa kolwelo, umhlwa owomeleleyo wolwelo kunye neminye imithombo yeendaba, iivalvu zebhola kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo zentsimbi eqinile ivalve yevalve yesango, ke ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zentsimbi itywina isango ivalve ibhola ibhola ivelufa kunye nesihlalo ukuqina inkqubo kubaluleke kakhulu.
1. Intshayelelo emfutshane
Kwizityalo zamandla ashushu, izixhobo zepetrochemical software, amandla kunye neshishini lemichiza ulwelo oluphezulu lwe-viscous, olunomsizi kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo okudityaniswa kolwelo, umhlwa owomeleleyo wolwelo kunye neminye imithombo yeendaba, iivalvu zebhola kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo zentsimbi eqinile ivalve yevalve yesango, ke ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zentsimbi itywina isango ivalve ibhola ibhola ivelufa kunye nesihlalo ukuqina inkqubo kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-2, imathiriyeli yentsimbi eqinile itywina isango ivelufa ibhola yevalve yebhola kunye nesihlalo sokuqina kwendlela
Okwangoku, inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuqina kumphezulu wentsimbi eqinile itywina ivalve yevalve yevalve yebhola ingoluhlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Ibhola umphezulu wokutshiza welding (okanye ukutshiza welding) ngesamente isixhobo carbide, ubunzima bunokufikelela malunga 40HRC, ibhola umphezulu ukutshiza welding ngesamente inkqubo isixhobo carbide intsonkothile, imveliso kunye nokuvelisa ukusebenza kakuhle ayikho phezulu, kunye nobukhulu-isikali. ukuwelda ukutshiza kulula ukwenza iinxalenye deformation, ngoku ibhola umphezulu ukuqina inkqubo isicelo ngaphantsi.
(2) I-oxidation yebhola enzima, ubunzima bunokufikelela kwi-60 ~ 65HRC, ubukhulu be-0.07 ~ 0.10mm, umaleko wensimbi engenasici ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuxhathisa umhlwa kwaye unokuhlala ugcina umgangatho oqaqambileyo, inkqubo elula, ixabiso eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqina kokuqina kwechromium enzima buya kuncitshiswa ngokukhawuleza ngokukhululwa koxinzelelo lwe-thermal xa ubushushu buphakama, kwaye ubushushu bokusebenza bayo abunakuba ngaphezulu kwe-427℃. Ukongeza, udibaniso lwensimbi engenasici luphantsi, kwaye ukugquma kulula ukuwa phantsi.
(3) Umphezulu webhola yi-plasma nitriding, ubunzima bomhlaba bunokufikelela kwi-60 ~ 65HRC, ubukhulu bomgangatho wonyango lwe-nitriding yi-0.20 ~ 0.40mm, ubushushu obuphantsi be-plasma yonyango lwe-nitriding inkqubo enzima ye-substrate ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo kokuhlwa, ayikwazi. isetyenziswe kwisityalo sekhemikhali etching eyomeleleyo kunye namanye amashishini.
(4) Inkqubo yebhola yomphezulu wokutshiza (HVOF), ubulukhuni buphezulu kakhulu, bunokufikelela kuma-70 ~ 75HRC, amandla aphezulu, ubukhulu be-0.3 ~ 0.4mm, ukutshiza kwe-supersonic yinkqubo ephambili yokuqina komphezulu webhola. Ulwelo oluphezulu lwe-viscous kwizityalo zamandla ashushu, isoftware yezixhobo zepetrochemical, amandla kunye noshishino lweekhemikhali; Le nkqubo yokuqina isetyenziswa kulwelo oluninzi oludityanisiweyo, lunolwelo olunorhatyazo olunomsizi kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo.
Inkqubo yokutshiza ye-supersonic yinkqubo apho ukutshiswa kwe-oxygen fuel kubangela i-gas yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukukhawuleza impembelelo ye-powder particles kwi-workpiece surface yemveliso kwaye ivelise i-coating ephezulu yoxinaniso. Kwikhonkco lokungqubana, kuba isantya sesuntswana sikhawuleza (500-750m / s) kwaye iqondo lobushushu lesuntswana lisezantsi (-3000 ℃), ukugquma ngamandla okubopha okuphezulu, i-porosity ephantsi kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-oxide yesinyithi unokufumaneka emva ukungqubana kumphezulu womsebenzi. Uphawu lwe-HVOF kukuba isantya se-particle ye-alloy powder sidlula isantya sesandi, kunye ne-2 ~ 3 amaxesha esantya sesandi, kunye nesantya somndilili we-cyclone ngamaxesha angama-4 wesantya sesandi.
I-HVOF yimveliso entsha kunye neteknoloji yokucubungula, ubukhulu bepeyinti 0.3 ~ 0.4mm, phakathi kwengubo kunye ne-workpiece yokudibanisa ngomatshini, amandla okudibanisa okuphezulu (77MPa), i-porosity yokugqoka iphantsi ( Ukutshiza i-welding yinkqubo yokutshiza i-arc ebusweni bezinto ezidibeneyo zetsimbi. Kunge-pyreogen powder (umgubo wesinyithi, umgubo we-alloy, umgubo weceramic unokuba) ukufudumeza ukunyibilika okanye ukwenza iplastiki ephezulu, kunye nenkanyamba ukuya kuyo, iqokelelwe kumphezulu wemveliso emva konyango lwangaphambili, isenza umaleko kunye nemveliso yomsebenzi. umphezulu (ipleyiti) umaleko wodibaniso oluqinileyo (welding) umaleko.
Ukutshiza ukuwelda kunye ne-spray welding hardbase process alloy kunye ne-substrate zinenkqubo yokunyibilika, isixhobo sokusika i-carbide kunye ne-substrate zinendawo eshushu yokunyibilika, ukuze kufezekiswe ngokupheleleyo ukuwelda ukutshiza okanye ukutshiza ukuwelda i-carbide ukusika iimpawu, ukuthintela emva konyango ukuwelda indawo eshushu yokunyibilika kunxibelelwano lwentsimbi. Indawo, ukuwelda okucetywayo kokutshiza okanye ukutshiza ukuwelda i-carbide ukusika isixhobo sobukhulu kufuneka sibe ngaphezu kwe-3mm ngaphezulu.
3. Ukuqina kwendawo yoqhagamshelwano yevalve yevalve yevalve yesango eliqinileyo kunye nesitulo sevalvu iyahambelana enye kwenye.
I-sliding surface contact of metal materials idinga ukuba nobunzima obuthile, ngaphandle koko kulula ukuvelisa imeko yokufa. Kwizicelo ezithile, umahluko wobulukhuni phakathi kwebhola yevalve jikelele kunye nesihlalo sevalve yi-5 ~ 10HRC, kwaye ukuqina kwevalve yebhola kunokuba nobomi obulungileyo benkonzo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuveliswa kwebhola kunye nokucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi, iindleko eziphezulu zemveliso, ukwenzela ukukhusela ibhola akukho lula ukuxhatshazwa komonakalo kunye nomonakalo, ngokuqhelekileyo khetha ubulukhuni bebhola buphezulu kunobulukhuni bendawo yokuhlala.
Ukudityaniswa kwebhola kunye nesihlalo sokunxibelelana komphezulu wobulukhuni kungcono kwiindidi ezimbini zobunzima ukuze zisebenzisane: (1) Ubunzima bebhola yevalve 55HRC, indawo yesitulo sevalve 45HRC, umphezulu webhola yevalve unokwamkela ukutshiza okuphezulu kweStellite20 i-aluminium alloy, indawo yokuhlala yevalve. inokuthatha i-welding yokutshiza i-Stellite12 i-aluminium alloy, ukuqina kokulungelelaniswa kwentsimbi yentsimbi yevalve yebhola esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulungelelaniswa kobulukhuni, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko zomonakalo wentsimbi yentsimbi yesivalo sevalve yevalve; Ukuqina komphezulu webhola yevalvu yi-68HRC, umphezulu wesihlalo sevalve yi-58HRC, umphezulu webhola yevalve unokuba yi-subsonic yokutshiza i-tungsten carbide, umphezulu wesihlalo sevalvu unokuba yi-supersonic yokutshiza i-Stellite20 i-aluminium alloy, ukuqina kusetyenziswa ngamandla kunye Ishishini lemichiza, elinokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo.
Phesheya kolwandle, ibhola yevalve kunye nesihlalo sevalve ngaphezulu zihambelana enye kwenye ngobulukhuni obufanayo. Yonke ibhola yevalve kunye nesihlalo sevalve sobuso yamkela inkqubo ye-subsonic yokutshiza i-tungsten carbide, kwaye ukuqina komphezulu kungaphezulu kwe-72HRC. Naphantsi kwesiseko sobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu, ibhola yevalve kunye nesitulo sevalve sichukumisa umphezulu kwaye akukho lula ukuyibulala. Kodwa okwangoku ibhola yethu yevalve yenza ubulukhuni bomhlaba obungaphezulu kwe-72HRC yebhola yevalve, isihlalo sevalve asiyiyo itekhnoloji yokugaya egqibeleleyo, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhola yevalve kunye nentsebenziswano yesitulo sevalve, ukusetyenziswa kuncinci.
I-4, i-hard seal yesango i-valve yebhola yevalve yebhola kunye nesihlalo sokuqina sinikele ingqalelo kwingxaki
Imathiriyeli ekrwada yentsimbi elukhuni yentsimbi yokutywina ibhola yevalve yesango kunye nesitulo sevalvu zikhethwa ngokubanzi ipleyiti yentsimbi engenakutyiwa okanye i-corrosion resistant ekrwada, kungenjalo isixhobo se-carbide kunye nesitulo sevalvu (okanye ibhola) indibaniselwano yomaleko kulula ukudliswa zizinto, okukhokelela ekuweni kwesixhobo se-carbide. phantsi, ukonakalisa ubomi benkonzo yevalve yebhola.
Ukongeza, ngokwesitulo sevalve eyahlukileyo (okanye ivalve yebhola) izixhobo eziluhlaza kufuneka zikhethe eyazo inkqubo yokuqina, kwintsimi yamandla kunye neshishini lemichiza lisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zentsimbi ekrwada, inqanaba ezimbini zentsimbi zinokuxhathisa umhlwa. ukudinwa kunye nokunxiba iimpawu zomhlwa.
Izinto eziphindwe kabini zentsimbi luhlobo lwentsimbi enesakhiwo semetallographic kunye nesakhiwo se-austenitic, i-microstructure kunye nesakhiwo se-austenitic malunga ne-50%, kwaye indlela yesigaba sesibini ikhona, iimpawu zayo zokusebenza zombini ziyintsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy kunye ne-430 yensimbi engenasici. iimpawu. Kwiimpawu ze-430 zensimbi ezingenasici, xa iqondo lokushisa liyi-400 ~ 500 ℃ uluhlu, i-insulation ye-thermal yexesha elide iya kuvelisa ukuguga okuthile, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-475 ℃ ukuguga; Xa ubushushu budlula i-400 ~ 500 ℃, iimpawu zentsimbi yesigaba ezibini zinokutshatyalaliswa.
Ukuba ukutshiza ukuwelda okanye ukutshiza inkqubo yesixhobo sokusika i-carbide isetyenziselwa izixhobo zentsimbi ekrwada, inkqubo yokunyibilika kwesixhobo sokusika i-carbide kunye ne-substrate (iqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo lingaphezulu kwe-900 ℃), liya konakalisa ukubunjwa kwe-alloy ye-biphase yensimbi ekrwada. , ngoko i-biphase yensimbi yezinto eziluhlaza akufanele isebenzise i-welding ye-spray (okanye i-spray welding) inkqubo yokusika i-carbide yokuqina. Inkqubo yokutshiza ye-supersonic ifanelekile kwinkqubo yokuqina komphezulu we-biphase yezixhobo zentsimbi. Inkqubo yokuqina kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ukubunjwa kwe-alloy ye-biphase steel raw materials ayinakonakala.
5. Amazwi okuvala
Inkqubo yokuqina yenzululwazi kunye nengqiqo ikhethwa kwisihlalo sebhola kunye nevalve yentsimbi eqinileyo etywiniweyo yevalve yesango, enokugqiba ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo kunye nesalathiso sokusebenza sentsimbi etywiniweyo yevalve yesango, kunye nenkqubo yokuqina kwenzululwazi kunye nengqiqo inokunciphisa iindleko. Ngokuvela kwetekhnoloji entsha, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho iinkqubo zokunyanga. Yingxaki enzima kakhulu ukuba inkqubo yokuqina kunye nokuqina kwevalve yesango yentsimbi eqinile isebenzisana kunye. Ngoko ke, ingqwalasela eyaneleyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kukulungelelaniswa koyilo, uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, inkqubo yokuqina kunye nobunzima be-valve yesango elitywiniweyo.
Ziqhambuka njani iivalvu zebhola kushishino lwevalvu yesango? Ngeminyaka yee-1950, iivalvu zebhola zavela ngokuthe ngcembe kwimveliso yemveliso yamazwe asentshona. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuthe ngcembe kwaqhubeka nokunyuka, abanye bayaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula. Ngoku kwilizwe lethu, isitshixo sevalve yebhola esetyenziswa koomatshini bamayeza, ukusulungekiswa kwepetroleum, izityalo zemichiza yobunjineli behydraulic, amandla ombane kamasipala wobunjineli bephepha kwishishini lemveliso yentsimbi kunye namanye amasimi, la mashishini anendawo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho, ngaloo ndlela, ivalve yebhola. ngoomatshini kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko kula mashishini.
Ngeminyaka yee-1950, iivalvu zebhola zavela ngokuthe ngcembe kwimveliso yemveliso yamazwe asentshona. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuthe ngcembe kwaqhubeka nokunyuka, abanye bayaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula. Ngoku kwilizwe lethu, isitshixo sevalve yebhola esetyenziswa koomatshini bamayeza, ukusulungekiswa kwepetroleum, izityalo zemichiza yobunjineli behydraulic, amandla ombane kamasipala wobunjineli bephepha kwishishini lemveliso yentsimbi kunye namanye amasimi, la mashishini anendawo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho, ngaloo ndlela, ivalve yebhola. ngoomatshini kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko kula mashishini.
Ivalve yebhola indlela yokugqwesa
Kwintsimi yee-valve zesango, kukho iindidi zeevalve zesango. Isizathu sokuba kutheni iivalve zebhola zinokugqama kwaye zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kukuba azinakutshintshwa ngaphandle kwenzuzo yazo. Ngoko ke, yintoni inzuzo yeevalvu zebhola?
Okokuqala, ivalve yebhola ayinakungahoywa inzuzo kukunxiba ukumelana. Ngokwabasebenzi bobuchwephesha kunye nabasebenzi bobuchwephesha kwintshayelelo eneenkcukacha, kwivalvu yesango, ukumelana nokunxiba yeyona nto iphambili yokulinganisa umgangatho wevalve yesango, irubha yokutywina yevalve yebhola yi-carbon steel spray welding, kunye nokutywinwa kwevalve ngokubanzi. umsesane iplastiki okanye ezinye ingxubevange, iintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli ayisiyiyo ibhola ivalve carbon steel surfacing banxibe ukumelana.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, ivalve yesango sisitshixo, ekufuneka sivulwe kwaye sivalwe ngaxeshanye, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, umsesane wokutywina uya konakaliswa kakhulu, kodwa umsesane wokutywina wevalve yebhola awuqhelekanga. imeko enjalo.” Ukuba ishishini libonisa.
Okwesibini, ukutywinwa kwevalve yebhola kulungile kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwezibalo, ukutywinwa kwe-valve yebhola akukhona ngezixhobo zokugaya, kodwa ngokugaya okwenziweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinga lokuthotyelwa liphezulu, ngoko ukutywinwa kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu.
Ukongeza, ubomi benkonzo yevalve yebhola bude ngakumbi. Ikwayishishini lokuvelisa izixhobo zomgca wemveliso ingqalelo kakhulu.
"Ngenxa yokuba imfuno ihlala isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zemveliso ebalulekileyo, ewe, ukuba ubomi bayo benkonzo abude ngokwaneleyo, ihlala ifuna ukutshintshwa, iya kuba yingxaki kakhulu, iya kukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezininzi."
Ikhono lokukhetha imodeli yevalvu yebhola ukwabelana
Ivalve yebhola njengokuxhomekeka kwisihlalo sevalve yokuvula kunye neendawo zokuvala, umgangatho wokuzinza komatshini ubaluleke kakhulu. Ke ekukhetheni imodeli ukuthobela ezinye iinkcukacha, ukuze kufezekiswe ngokwenene ezona mfuno.
Qhoboshela ukubaluleka kukhetho lweenkcukacha. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, ukuxinana kolwelo lwevalve yebhola alukho likhulu, umjelo wokhuseleko kunye nombhobho ngokusisiseko uyafana, ngoko unokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo ezinovakalelo ngokukodwa kwimeko yokusebenza yesixhobo. Xa ukhetha olu hlobo lwevalve yesango, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekukhethweni kweenkcukacha. Iinkcukacha azifani nobunzima bomnatha, kwaye umphumo unokufumaneka awufani.
Ukuqwalaselwa okusebenzayo kwexabiso. Ekukhetheni iivalvu, ukongeza ekuthengeni ngeenxa zonke, kufuneka kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo kwingqiqo, nje ukuba inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ze-can, akufuneki ukuba ukhethe iinkcazo ezinkulu okanye ukubaluleka kwenetha lolona khetho lungcono.
Ukongeza, iivalve zebhola ezisisigxina ngamagumbi avaliweyo. Ukuba zisetyenziswe kumajelo aphantsi obushushu okanye kwiindawo zendalo ezinokuvelisa i-vaporization, iivalve zesango eziqulethe izixhobo zokukhulula kufuneka zikhethwe. Xa kufanelekile, ivalve yebhola kufuneka itshintshwe ibe yivalve yediski okanye ivalve yokusika.
Ishishini ligxininisa ukuba olu hlobo lwevalve yesango ngokubanzi lungasetyenziselwa ukuqhawula umbhobho ngaphandle komgangatho webhola. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukhetho lolu hlobo lwevalve lunokukhethwa ngokweemfuno zokwakhiwa komjelo wokhuseleko, onokuqinisekisa ukuba unokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeendlela ezininzi zokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa inani elipheleleyo lezicelo zevalve njengoko kude kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbuza ukuba ukukhethwa kweevalve zebhola kukwaxabisa ukukhethwa kweempawu eziziwayo kunye namaxabiso abo. Kulukhetho olulumkileyo ukukhetha ivalve yesango enexabiso eliphantsi.