Njira yowumitsa valavu yosindikizidwa ndi zitsulo Kufotokozera mwachidule momwe ma valve a mpira amayambira pamakampani opanga ma valve pachipata?
Mu zomera matenthedwe mphamvu, petrochemical zida dongosolo mapulogalamu, mphamvu ndi makampani makampani mkulu viscous madzimadzi, ndi mwaye ndi olimba particles osakaniza madzi, dzimbiri amphamvu madzi ndi zina TV, mavavu mpira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zitsulo molimba chisindikizo chipata valavu valavu valavu. kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera zachitsulo zolimba chisindikizo chosindikizira chipata valavu mpira wa valve ndi njira yowumitsa mipando ndikofunikira kwambiri.
1. Mawu Oyamba Mwachidule
Mu zomera matenthedwe mphamvu, petrochemical zida dongosolo mapulogalamu, mphamvu ndi makampani makampani mkulu viscous madzimadzi, ndi mwaye ndi olimba particles osakaniza madzi, dzimbiri amphamvu madzi ndi zina TV, mavavu mpira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zitsulo molimba chisindikizo chipata valavu valavu valavu. kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera zachitsulo zolimba chisindikizo chosindikizira chipata valavu mpira wa valve ndi njira yowumitsa mipando ndikofunikira kwambiri.
2, zinthu zachitsulo zolimba chisindikizo chipata valavu mpira valavu ndi mpando kuumitsa njira
Pakali pano, wamba kuumitsa ndondomeko pamwamba zitsulo zolimba chisindikizo chipata valavu valavu mpira makamaka motere:
(1) The mpira padziko kutsitsi kuwotcherera (kapena kutsitsi kuwotcherera) simenti carbide chida, kuuma angafikire za 40HRC, mpira pamwamba kutsitsi kuwotcherera simenti carbide chida ndondomeko zovuta, kupanga ndi kupanga dzuwa si mkulu, ndi lalikulu kuwotcherera utsi n'zosavuta kuti mbali mapindikidwe, tsopano mpira pamwamba kuumitsa ndondomeko ntchito ndi zochepa.
(2) Mpira pamwamba molimba makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuuma akhoza kufika 60 ~ 65HRC, makulidwe 0.07 ~ 0.10mm, zosapanga dzimbiri wosanjikiza wosanjikiza mkulu kuuma, kuvala kukana, kukana dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zonse kusunga pamwamba kuwala, ndondomeko yosavuta, mtengo wotsika. Komabe, kuuma kwa zokutira zolimba za chromium kudzachepetsedwa mwachangu ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kupsinjika kwamafuta pomwe kutentha kumakwera, ndipo kutentha kwake sikungakhale kopitilira 427 ℃. Kuonjezera apo, kuphatikiza kwazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala kochepa, ndipo chophimbacho n'chosavuta kugwa.
(3) Pamwamba pa mpira ndi plasma nitriding, pamwamba kuuma angafikire 60 ~ 65HRC, makulidwe a nitriding wosanjikiza mankhwala ndi 0.20 ~ 0.40mm, otsika kutentha plasma nitriding mankhwala molimba gawo lapansi ndondomeko chifukwa cha ofooka kukana dzimbiri, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala chomera etching wamphamvu ndi mafakitale ena.
(4) Mpira padziko supersonic kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (HVOF) ndondomeko, kuuma ndi mkulu kwambiri, akhoza kufika 70 ~ 75HRC, mphamvu mkulu, makulidwe 0.3 ~ 0.4mm, supersonic kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira kiyi ya mpira padziko kuumitsa. Kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi owoneka bwino m'mafakitale amagetsi otenthetsera, pulogalamu yamagetsi yamagetsi a petrochemical, makampani opanga mphamvu ndi mankhwala; Kuumitsa kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zambiri zamadzimadzi, zowononga kwambiri zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mwaye ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
The supersonic kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndondomeko imene kuyaka kwa mpweya mafuta kumapangitsa mpweya kuthamanga imathandizira zotsatira za ufa particles pa workpiece pamwamba pa mankhwala ndipo umapanga mkulu osalimba pamwamba ❖ kuyanika. Mu kugunda ulalo, chifukwa tinthu liwiro ndi kudya (500-750m / s) ndi tinthu kutentha ndi otsika (-3000 ℃), ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ndi mkulu n'zogwirizana mphamvu, otsika porosity ndi otsika zitsulo okusayidi wachibale okhutira akhoza analandira pambuyo kugundana pa workpiece pamwamba. Makhalidwe a HVOF ndikuti kuthamanga kwa tinthu tating'ono ta alloy ufa kumaposa liwiro la phokoso, ngakhale 2 ~ 3 nthawi za liwiro la phokoso, ndipo liwiro la chimphepo ndi 4 nthawi za liwiro la phokoso.
HVOF ndi luso latsopano kupanga ndi processing, utoto makulidwe 0.3 ~ 0.4mm, pakati ❖ kuyanika ndi workpiece kugwirizana makina makina, mkulu kugwirizana mphamvu (77MPa), ❖ kuyanika porosity ndi otsika ( Kuwotcherera utsi ndi njira yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamwamba pa zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo. Ndi kudzera mu ufa wa pyreogen (ufa wachitsulo, ufa wa aloyi, ufa wa ceramic ukhoza kukhala) Kutentha kuti usungunuke kapena kusungunuka kwambiri, ndi mphepo yamkuntho, yomwe imadziunjikira pamwamba pa mankhwala pambuyo pa chithandizo cham'mbuyomu, kupanga wosanjikiza ndi mankhwala workpiece. pamwamba (mbale) olimba maphatikizidwe ❖ kuyanika (kuwotcherera) wosanjikiza.
Utsi kuwotcherera ndi utsi kuwotcherera hardbase ndondomeko aloyi ndi gawo lapansi ndi kusungunuka, carbide kudula chida ndi gawo lapansi ndi otentha Sungunulani zone, kuti akwaniritse kwathunthu kuwotcherera utsi kapena utsi kuwotcherera carbide kudula wosanjikiza makhalidwe, kupewa pambuyo mankhwala kuwotcherera otentha Sungunulani zone kwa zitsulo kukhudzana zinthu. m'dera, akufuna kutsitsi kuwotcherera kapena utsi kuwotcherera carbide kudula chida makulidwe ayenera kukhala oposa 3mm pamwamba.
3. Kuuma kwa malo okhudzana ndi chisindikizo cholimba cha valve valve mpira ndi mpando wa valve umagwirizana wina ndi mzake.
Kulumikizana kotsetsereka kwa zinthu zachitsulo kumafunika kukhala ndi kuuma kwina, apo ayi ndikosavuta kutulutsa mkhalidwe wa imfa. Mwachindunji, kusiyana kolimba pakati pa mpira wa valve ndi mpando wa valve ndi 5 ~ 10HRC, ndipo valavu yosiyanitsa mpira imatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Chifukwa kupanga mpira ndi processing zovuta, mkulu kupanga mtengo, pofuna kuteteza mpira si zophweka kuvutika kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka, ambiri kusankha kuuma kwa mpira ndi apamwamba kuposa kuuma pamwamba mpando.
Mpira ndi valavu mpando kukhudzana pamwamba kuuma collocation ndi bwino kuti mitundu iwiri ya kuuma kugwirizana wina ndi mzake: (1) Vavu mpira pamwamba kuuma 55HRC, valavu mpando pamwamba 45HRC, valavu mpira pamwamba akhoza kutengera supersonic kupopera mankhwala Stelite20 zotayidwa aloyi, valavu mpando pamwamba. akhoza kutenga kutsitsi kuwotcherera Stellite12 zotayidwa aloyi, kuuma kwa mgwirizano ndi zitsulo chisindikizo mpira valavu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuuma kugwirizana, akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika zowonongeka zitsulo zolimba chisindikizo chipata valavu valavu mpira; Pamwamba kuuma valavu mpira ndi 68HRC, pamwamba pa mpando valavu ndi 58HRC, pamwamba valavu mpira kungakhale subsonic kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tungsten carbide, pamwamba pa mpando valavu akhoza supersonic kupopera mankhwala Stelite20 zotayidwa aloyi, kuuma ntchito ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu. makampani mankhwala, ndi mkulu kuvala kukana ndi moyo utumiki.
Kutsidya kwa nyanja, mpira wa valve ndi mpando wa valve pamwamba zimagwirizana ndi kuuma komweko. Mpira wonse wa valavu ndi mpando wa valve umatenga njira yopopera mankhwala a subsonic tungsten carbide, ndipo kuuma kwake kumaposa 72HRC. Ngakhale pansi pa kulimba kwambiri, mpira wa valve ndi mpando wa valve umakhudza pamwamba ndipo sizovuta kupha. Koma pakali pano mpira wathu wa valavu umapanga kuuma kwapamwamba kuposa 72HRC valavu mpira, mpando wa valve si luso lopukuta bwino, n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti mpira wa valve ndi mgwirizano wa mpando wa valve, kugwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kochepa.
4, chosindikizira cholimba pachipata valavu mpira valavu ndi mpando kuumitsa kulabadira vuto
Zida zolimba zazitsulo zolimba zachitsulo chosindikizira chipata cha valve ndi mpando wa valve nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, apo ayi chida cha carbide ndi mpando wa valve (kapena mpira) wosanjikiza wosanjikiza ndi wosavuta kuwononga ndi zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chida cha carbide chigwe. pansi, kuwononga moyo wautumiki wa valavu ya mpira.
Komanso, malinga ndi osiyana valavu mpando (kapena valavu mpira) zopangira ayenera kusankha kuumitsa ndondomeko, m'munda wa mphamvu ndi mafakitale mankhwala ntchito wapawiri gawo zitsulo zopangira, wapawiri-gawo zitsulo zopangira ndi bwino dzimbiri kukana. kutopa ndi kuvala dzimbiri makhalidwe.
Awiri gawo zitsulo zopangira ndi mtundu wa zitsulo ndi zonse metallographic kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe austenitic, microstructure ndi dongosolo austenitic pafupifupi 50%, ndi awiri gawo limagwirira alipo, makhalidwe ake ntchito zonse ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo ndi 430 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. makhalidwe. Mu 430 makhalidwe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, pamene kutentha ndi 400 ~ 500 ℃ osiyanasiyana, yaitali kutchinjiriza matenthedwe kutulutsa ukalamba, izi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa 475 ℃ kukalamba; Pamene kutentha kupitirira 400 ~ 500 ℃, makhalidwe a magawo awiri zitsulo akhoza kuwonongedwa.
Ngati utsi kuwotcherera kapena utsi kuwotcherera carbide kudula chida ndondomeko ntchito biphase zitsulo zopangira, ndondomeko kusungunuka wa carbide kudula chida ndi gawo lapansi (yozungulira kutentha zambiri kuposa 900 ℃), kuwononga aloyi zikuchokera biphase zitsulo zopangira. , kotero biphase zitsulo zopangira sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kutsitsi (kapena kuwotcherera utsi) carbide kudula chida kuumitsa ndondomeko. The supersonic kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi oyenera pamwamba kuumitsa ndondomeko biphase zitsulo zopangira. Njira yowumitsa iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti aloyi ya biphase zitsulo zopangira zitsulo sizingawonongeke.
5. Mawu Otseka
Asayansi ndi wololera kuumitsa ndondomeko amasankhidwa kwa mpira ndi valavu mpando wa zitsulo zolimba losindikizidwa chipata valavu valavu mpira valavu, amene angathe kudziwa mwachindunji moyo utumiki ndi ntchito index wa zitsulo zolimba losindikizidwa chipata valavu, ndi sayansi ndi wololera kuumitsa ndondomeko akhoza kuchepetsa mtengo. Ndi kutuluka kwa matekinoloje atsopano, mosakayikira padzakhala njira zambiri zochiritsira. Ndivuto lovuta kwambiri kuti njira yowumitsa ndi kuuma kwazitsulo zolimba zosindikizira zitseko zimagwirizana. Choncho, chisamaliro chokwanira chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mgwirizano wa mapangidwe, mtundu wa zinthu, ndondomeko yowumitsa ndi kuuma kwa valve yosindikizira ya chipata cholimba.
Kodi ma valve a mpira amatuluka bwanji mumakampani opanga ma valve? M'zaka za m'ma 1950, mavavu a mpira adawonekera pang'onopang'ono popanga mafakitale a mayiko akumadzulo. Ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pang'onopang'ono kunapitilira kukwera, ndi ena akupitilizabe kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tsopano m'dziko lathu, mpira valavu kiyi ntchito makina mankhwala, mafuta kuyenga, hayidiroliki engineering mankhwala zomera, magetsi magetsi tauni zomangamanga pepala makampani zitsulo ndi madera ena, mafakitale amenewa ali ndi udindo wofunika mu chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma, motero, valavu mpira. ndi makina ndi zida zofunika m'mafakitale awa.
M'zaka za m'ma 1950, mavavu a mpira adawonekera pang'onopang'ono popanga mafakitale a mayiko akumadzulo. Ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pang'onopang'ono kunapitilira kukwera, ndi ena akupitilizabe kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tsopano m'dziko lathu, mpira valavu kiyi ntchito makina mankhwala, mafuta kuyenga, hayidiroliki engineering mankhwala zomera, magetsi magetsi tauni zomangamanga pepala makampani zitsulo ndi madera ena, mafakitale amenewa ali ndi udindo wofunika mu chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma, motero, valavu mpira. ndi makina ndi zida zofunika m'mafakitale awa.
Valve ya mpira momwe mungapambane
M'munda wa ma valve a pakhomo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve. Chifukwa chomwe ma valve a mpira amatha kuwonekera ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'madera osiyanasiyana ndikuti sangathe kusinthidwa popanda ubwino wawo. Kotero, ubwino wa mavavu a mpira ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, valavu ya mpira sitinganyalanyaze mwayi ndikuvala kukana. Malinga ndi akatswiri amakampani ndi akatswiri aukadaulo mwatsatanetsatane, pakuwotcherera kwa valavu pachipata, kuvala kukana ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuyeza mtundu wa valavu yachipata, mphete yosindikizira ya mphira ya valavu ya mpira ndi kuwotcherera kwa chitsulo cha chitsulo, komanso kusindikiza valavu. mphete ndi pulasitiki kapena aloyi zina, zosiyanasiyana zipangizo si mpira valavu mpweya zitsulo pamwamba avale kukana.
"Monga ife tonse tikudziwira, valavu ya chipata ndi chosinthira, chomwe chiyenera kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa panthawi imodzimodzi, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphete yosindikizira idzawonongeka kwambiri, koma mphete yosindikizira ya valve ya mpira siimayendera. mkhalidwe wotere.” Ngati bizinesi ikuwonetsa.
Chachiwiri, kusindikiza valavu ya mpira ndikwabwino kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kusindikiza kwa valve ya mpira sikuli ndi zida zogaya, koma ndi kugaya kochita kupanga, kuonetsetsa kuti mlingo wotsatira ndi wapamwamba, kotero kusindikiza kumakhala kodalirika kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, moyo wautumiki wa valve wa mpira ndi wautali kwambiri. Komanso ndi makampani opanga kwa zipangizo mzere kupanga chidwi kwambiri.
"Chifukwa chosowacho nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri opangira zinthu zovuta, ndithudi, ngati moyo wake wautumiki sutalika kokwanira, nthawi zambiri umafunika kusinthidwa, umakhala wovuta kwambiri, umabweretsa zolakwika zambiri."
Maluso osankha valavu ya mpira kuti mugawane
Valve ya mpira ngati kudalira pampando wa valve kutsegulira ndi kutseka mbali, kukhazikika kwa makina ake ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kotero muzosankha zachitsanzo kuti zigwirizane ndi tsatanetsatane, kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni.
Gwirizanitsani kufunikira kwa kusankha kwatsatanetsatane. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kachulukidwe kamadzimadzi amagetsi a mpira nthawi zambiri siakulu, njira yachitetezo ndi payipi ndizofanana, kotero zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena makamaka tcheru ndi momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito. Posankha mtundu uwu wa valavu yachipata, tiyenera kulabadira kusankhidwa kwatsatanetsatane. Zomwe zafotokozedwa sizili zofanana ndi kulemera kwa ukonde, ndipo zotsatira zake zingatheke sizili zofanana.
Kuganizira bwino mtengo. Posankha mavavu, kuwonjezera kugula mozungulira, tiyeneranso kulabadira rationality, malinga ngati angathe kukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni za akhoza, musati kusankha specifications lalikulu kapena ukonde kwambiri kusankha bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma valve okhazikika a mpira ndi zipinda zotsekedwa. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otsika kutentha kapena malo achilengedwe omwe angapangitse vaporization, ma valve a zipata okhala ndi zida zotulutsa ayenera kusankhidwa. Ngati kuli koyenera, valavu ya mpira iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala valavu ya disc kapena valavu yodulidwa.
Makampaniwa akugogomezera kuti valavu yamtunduwu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa chitoliro popanda muyezo wa mpira. Ngati ndi kotheka, kusankha kwa valavu yamtunduwu kungasankhidwenso molingana ndi zosowa za kumanga njira yotetezera, yomwe ingatsimikizire kuti ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za njira zingapo zotetezera ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ntchito za valve monga kutali momwe ndingathere.
Ndikoyenera kukukumbutsani kuti kusankha kwa ma valves a mpira kumayamikiranso kusankhidwa kwa malonda odziwika bwino ndi mitengo yawo. Ndi chisankho chanzeru kusankha valavu yachipata yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-10-2023
