Izizathu zokukhiya ama-fasteners, ama-fillers nama-gaskets wokufakwa kwe-valve nezindlela zokuvimbela ukukhiya

Izizathu zokukhiya ama-fasteners, ama-fillers nama-gaskets wokufakwa kwe-valve nezindlela zokuvimbela ukukhiya

I-Gasket ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zepulasitiki ethambile futhi eqinile, ipulasitiki ethambile ngokuvamile ayiyona ingxenye yensimbi, njengekhadibhodi eliwugqinsi, ipulasitiki, ibhodi lerabha le-asbestos, i-PTFE nokunye. Okuqinile ngokuvamile kuyinhlanganisela yensimbi noma izinto zensimbi ezimbozwe ngoboya betshe, ingxubevange noboya betshe obuboshwe. Ama-gaskets afika ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa flat, round, oval, toothed, lens, kanye nezinye izimo eziyingqayizivele. Ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-valve yesango zezinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ekhanyayo nensimbi eyigugu ne-aluminium alloy, izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingezona ezensimbi.
1. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zama-fasteners
Izixhumi ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa, amabhawodi anamakhanda amaningi namantongomane. Izinsimbi zithwala ngokuqondile amandla kumavalvu esango, abaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukulahleka kwemidiya. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhethiwe kufanele ziqinisekise amandla anele kanye nokuqina kokuphuka ekushiseni kwesicelo. Khetha idatha ye-fastener ngokuya ngengcindezi ephakathi nendawo nezinga lokushisa.

Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa iyadingeka lapho kusetshenziswa izinto ze-carbon steel. Lapho izingxenye eziqinisayo zinezindinganiso ezikhethekile zokumelana nokugqwala, i-Cr17Ni2, 2Cr13, 1Cr18Ni9 nezinye insimbi engagqwali engamelana ne-asidi ingakhethwa.
Okwesibili, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokugcwalisa
Emzimbeni we-valve, ukupakisha kusetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa isikhala esingaphakathi segumbi lokupakisha i-valve eyodwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza kwemidiya ngesihlalo sevalvu kanye negumbi lokupakisha i-valve eyodwa yokugeleza kwendawo yangaphakathi.
1. Isidingo sezigcwalisi
I-1) Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukupakisha kanye nokuxhumana okuphakathi, kumele ukwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-medium.
2) Isakhiwo esihlangene, ukupakisha akuvuzi ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo nokusebenza.
I-3) Ukumelana nokungqubuzana okuphansi ukunciphisa i-torque yokushayisana phakathi kwesihlalo nokupakisha.
2, uhlobo lokupakisha
Ukupakisha kungahlukaniswa kube ukupakisha okuthambile kwepulasitiki nokupakisha kanzima izinhlobo ezimbili:
1) Ipulasitiki ethambile yokugcwalisa: yenziwe ngezinto zokutshala eziluhlaza, okungukuthi, ilineni, ukotini, ilineni, njll., noma ngamaminerali, okungukuthi ukotini we-glass fiber, noma nge-glass fiber cotton enocingo lwensimbi kanye nentambo ye-graphite eboshwe ngaphandle; futhi kugxiliswe kusigcwali esakhayo, kanye namathuba amasha ezinto ezingavuthiwe zokugcwalisa i-graphite eminyakeni yamuva. Ukupakisha impahla yezitshalo eziluhlaza kubiza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziselwa ama-valve okucindezela okuphansi ngaphakathi kuka-100 ℃; Ukupakishwa kwamaminerali kulungele i-valve yesango engu-450-500 ℃. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwakhiwa kwe-plastic O-ring njenge-filler kuya ngokuya kuduma, kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngokuvamile lilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-60 ℃. Ukupakisha ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye ne-valve yokucindezela okuphezulu nakho kwenziwa nge-asbestos ehlanzekile ne-flake graphite powder.
I-2) Ukupakisha okuqinile: ukupakisha okwenziwe ngezinto zensimbi noma insimbi exutshwe ne-asbestos, i-graphite yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye ne-polytetrafluoroethylene ukucindezela ukubala nokwenza ukupakisha, isicelo sokupakisha insimbi sincane.
3, ukukhethwa ukugxusha
Ukukhethwa kokugcwalisa kufanele kusekelwe kokuphakathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi yokukhetha, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivamile zinamaphuzu alandelayo:
1) Amafutha endwangu ye-asbestos, angakhethwa ngokusho kweThebula 5-2.
2) Indwangu ye-asbestos yepulasitiki: ingakhethwa ngokusho kweThebula 5-3.
3) Indwangu ye-asbestos yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-graphite: indwangu ye-asbestos ehlanganiswe ne-flake graphite, izinga lokushisa lingasetshenziswa ngaphezu kuka-450 ℃, ingcindezi yokusebenza ingafinyelela ku-16Mpa, ngokuvamile efanelekile umusi wokucindezela okuphezulu. Muva nje futhi kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kokugcwalisa ifonti yengcindezi yabantu abadala, ukubekwa kwejubane ethangeni, isakhiwo esihlangene.
4) i-polytetrafluoroethylene: Lesi isigcwalisi esisetshenziswa kabanzi kulesi sigaba. Itholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni ebolayo, kodwa izinga lokushisa alikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kuka-200 ℃. Ngokuvamile, yenziwe nge-sppressor noma induku eyindilinga, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 5-1 ngezansi.
Qaphela: Inombolo yokubukeka F ibonisa isikwele, i- through-core noma eyodwa kuya ku-double braid; Y ikhombisa ukuthi iyindilinga, ene-mandrel esontiwe phakathi nendawo eyodwa kuya kwezimbili ze-braid ngaphandle; N isho ukusonteka.
Okwesithathu, i-gasket material
I-gasket isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa izindawo ezi-2 ezihlangene (ezifana nendawo ephakathi kwepuleti lesekhethi kawoyela kanye ne-valve eyodwa yokugeleza) phakathi kwakho konke okungalingani, ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza kwemidiya endaweni ehlangene.
1. Isidingo sokuvala ama-gaskets
Izinto ze-Gasket zinokunwebeka okuthile kanye nepulasitiki kanye namandla okucindezela okwanele ekushiseni okusebenzayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele ibe nokumelana nokugqwala okungcono.
2, uhlobo lwempahla ye-gasket nokwahlulela
I-Gasket ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zepulasitiki ethambile futhi eqinile, ipulasitiki ethambile ngokuvamile ayiyona ingxenye yensimbi, njengekhadibhodi eliwugqinsi, ipulasitiki, ibhodi lerabha le-asbestos, i-PTFE nokunye. Okuqinile ngokuvamile kuyinhlanganisela yensimbi noma izinto zensimbi ezimbozwe ngoboya betshe, ingxubevange noboya betshe obuboshwe. Ama-gaskets afika ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa flat, round, oval, toothed, lens, kanye nezinye izimo eziyingqayizivele.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuvala i-gasket ngokuvamile ziyi-08, 10, 20 yensimbi ye-carbon steel kanye ne-1Cr13, 1Cr18Ni9 ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali, ukunemba kwe-dimensional kanye nezidingo zokushelela kwendawo ziphezulu kakhulu, zifanele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nama-valve okucindezela okukhulu. I-non-metallic material gasket material generality plasticity muhle, ngomfutho wokusebenza omncane ongafinyelela ukubekwa uphawu. Ifanele izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu kanye ne-valve yokucindezela okuphansi. Izinto ze-Gasket zingakhethwa ngokusho kweThebula 5-4.
Ithebula 5-4
Ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-valve yesango zezinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ekhanyayo nensimbi eyigugu ne-aluminium alloy, izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingezona ezensimbi.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza nokwenza izingxenye ze-valve yesango kufanele zikhethwe ngokuya ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
1, ukusebenza ingcindezi medium, izinga lokushisa kanye nezici.
2, umthamo wokuthwala wezingxenye futhi ngokuvamile udlala indima esakhiweni se-valve.
3. Ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo.
4. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nemibandela engenhla, izindleko eziphansi ziyadingeka.
Izinsimbi zensimbi ezifakwe ku-fasteners zizohlala zigqwala ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Uma kwenzeka ukugqwala, ezinye izinto zokubopha zizokhiywa ngokuphelele, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kahle ekusebenzeni kwangempela kwezinsimbi ngokwazo. Eqinisweni, akunakwenzeka ukuqaqa noma ukukhiya izixhumi ngokuqhubekayo. Ukukhiywa okuphelele kwezibophelelo kungenzeka kuphela phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba nokuqonda okucacile nokusetshenziswa kwezibophelelo ukuvimbela ukukhiya. Ukukhiya isiqiniseko kuvamise ukuba sepuleti lensimbi engagqwali noma ingxubevange ye-aluminium eyenziwe ngempahla...
Izinsimbi zensimbi zizohlala zigqwalile ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Uma kwenzeka ukugqwala, ezinye izinto zokubopha zizokhiywa ngokuphelele, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ukusebenza kahle ekusebenzeni kwangempela kwezibophelelo ngokwazo. Eqinisweni, akunakwenzeka ukuqaqa noma ukukhiya izixhumi ngokuqhubekayo. Ukukhiywa okuphelele kwezibophelelo kungenzeka kuphela phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba nokuqonda okucacile nokusetshenziswa kwezibophelelo ukuvimbela ukukhiya.
1. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhiya i-fastener
Ukukhiywa kwezinsimbi ngokuvamile kubonakala ezintweni ezenziwe ngepuleti lensimbi engagqwali noma impahla ye-aluminium alloy, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi impahla eyinhlanganisela yensimbi ngokwayo inamandla okulwa nokugqwala, lapho ingaphezulu lensimbi lezinto zokubopha lonakele, kulula ukuvela ungqimba lwe-oxide ukunikeza. ukugcinwa nokuvimbela ukugqwala okubi nakakhulu, kodwa lapho izinsimbi ziqiniswa, Ukushisa kokucindezela okukhiqizwa amandla okusabela kuzolimaza ungqimba lwe-oxide futhi kukhuthaze ukuxhuma noma ukusika phakathi kwezinto zensimbi, okuholela ekunamatheleni, okuvala ngempela.
2, i-fastener ukuvimbela indlela yokukhiya:
★ Ukukhiya ama-fasteners akunakugwenywa ngokuphelele, kodwa singanciphisa amathuba okukhiya ngokunaka isici ngasinye, njengokuqinisekisa amandla omthwalo wezinsimbi, ukukhetha amantongomane namabhawodi ngamandla acindezelayo, njll.
★ Ukuhlanzwa kwesikulufa se-Fastener akukona ukuhlanza nakho kunomthelela othize ukuthi ukukhiya, lapho isikulufu singahambi kahle noma singahlanzi, sikhiya kaningi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wokuhlanza i-fastener, iphini yensimbi noma imfucuza.
★ Ngemuva kokucubungula okumanzi okufanelekile nokulinganiselwe kwezinsimbi, ukushisa okukhiqizwa indawo yensimbi kungancishiswa ngokuphumelelayo ngenxa yamandla okuthwala, okuzonciphisa ngokwemvelo amathuba okukhiya i-fastener.
★ Izinsimbi kufanele zivalwe futhi zifakwe ngendlela efanele, ukukhiya kancane kancane kwenzeka.