Ukushisa okuqhubekayo okuqinile okuvalwe ngokuqinile kwe-valve ye-valve ye-valve yephutha kanye nesisombululo jikelele se-valve ye-globe valve,
ukukhethwa kwe-valve yesango kanye nesingeniso sohlelo lokusebenza
Izimo zokusebenzisa i-valve ye-valve yophawu oluqinile ziqine kakhulu kune-valve yesango lophawu oluthambile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliqhubekayo, ukugqwala okuqinile nensile, izinhlayiya zezinhlayiya, isihlabathi nezinye izinto ekusebenziseni okuqhubekayo kwe-valve yebhola eliqinile kubangele isithiyo esikhulu kakhulu. Ekusetshenzisweni kwama-valve ebhola avaliwe, ngokuvamile kungenxa yezimo zokusebenza noma izici zomuntu ezibangelwa ama-valve esango angavamile futhi kufanele alungiswe. Kuyadingeka futhi ngokuphumelelayo ukuqonda izimbangela zokuhluleka kwamavalvu esango avamile bese uthola izindlela zokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwabasebenzi bemboni yama-valve kanye nabasebenzisi bomkhiqizo.
Izimo zokusebenzisa i-valve ye-valve yophawu oluqinile ziqine kakhulu kune-valve yesango lophawu oluthambile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliqhubekayo, ukugqwala okuqinile nensile, izinhlayiya zezinhlayiya, isihlabathi nezinye izinto ekusebenziseni okuqhubekayo kwe-valve yebhola eliqinile kubangele isithiyo esikhulu kakhulu. Ekusetshenzisweni kwama-valve ebhola avaliwe, ngokuvamile kungenxa yezimo zokusebenza noma izici zomuntu ezibangelwa ama-valve esango angavamile futhi kufanele alungiswe. Kuyadingeka futhi ngokuphumelelayo ukuqonda izimbangela zokuhluleka kwamavalvu esango avamile bese uthola izindlela zokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwabasebenzi bemboni yama-valve kanye nabasebenzisi bomkhiqizo.
Inhloso ukuhlaziya i-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima kanye nezinkinga ezitholakala kuyo yonke inqubo yokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi, ukwandisa umklamo wokubukeka komkhiqizo we-valve evalwe kanzima kanye nokucushwa kwemishini edingekayo ukuze unake izinkinga, futhi unikeze isiqondiso ngcono.
Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo ukuze kuhlukaniswe, amaphutha avamile we-valve evalwe ngokuqinile angahlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo: amaphutha avamile angewona ochwepheshe kanye namaphutha avamile ochwepheshe.
1 Amaphutha ajwayelekile kumamajo okungezona ezobuchwepheshe
Lolu hlobo lokwehluleka okuvamile alunamsebenzi nobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, akusona isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-valve yesango noma ukwehluleka kokusebenza kwezingxenye zesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ngakho, izenzakalo zokwehluleka ngokuvamile zibangelwa amazinga angaphandle.
1.1 Ukukhetha okungalungile kwevalvu
Amanye amakhasimende akhetha amamodeli we-valve yesango, ngenxa yokuqonda okunganele kwesimo sokusebenza komkhiqizo, noma ngokucabangela izindleko, i-valve yesango ekhethiwe ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokushisa okusebenzayo, ingcindezi, ukugqwala kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhuzuka, okuholela ekulethweni kwe-valve yesango kanye nokulethwa. , ngokushesha okungajwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokukhetha, uhlangothi lwekhasimende noma isikhungo sokuhlela kufanele sibeke ukuzinza kokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo endaweni, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhetha izimpahla ezisezingeni eliphansi ngokweqile, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuvamile okubangelwa ukulimala, kodwa i-penny ehlakaniphile futhi phawuda ubuwula. Leli phuzu ezimweni eziqinile zokukhethwa kwemodeli ye-valve yebhola evaliwe, kubaluleke kakhulu.
1.1.1 Ukukhethwa kwempahla okungalungile kwendawo yethuluzi le-carbide ependiwe endaweni yokuvala isihlalo sebhola
Ukusebenza kwe-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima kugxile ebholeni lensimbi, isisombululo sokuqina kwesihlalo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvaleka kwensimbi kuya kwensimbi, isihlalo esiphakathi se-hard seal ball siphakeme kakhulu kunokucindezela kokusebenza kwe-valve yesango elivamile, okwenza kube lula ukuthi insimbi eyinhlanganisela yensimbi ivaleke noma ihlangane, kokubili okungabangela i-valve yesango ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele. Kulesi sigaba sokusebenzisa, umphumela uyindlela enhle yokuqinisa isihlalo sebhola yilokho ubuchwepheshe bethuluzi le-carbide lokupenda (imvamisa i-nickel base superalloy ne-chromium cobalt alloy), i-valve ye-valve yebhola eqinile kanye nongqimba lukapende lwesihlalo se-valve ngokwezinga elikhulu kuncike Izinkomba zokusebenza ze-ball seat sealing surface kanye nempilo yesevisi, ngakho-ke ezimweni ezithile zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhetha isimo sangempela sesendlalelo sethuluzi le-carbide.
Ukukhethwa kongqimba lwethuluzi lokusika ingxubevange eqinile kumayelana nemizila emibili: eyodwa iwukuphishekela amandla ayo, ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-aluminium alloy layer ukugqoka ukumelana, ukumelana nemihuzuko kunamandla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa izimo zezinhlayiya ezinhle, ezimiswe kanzima (njengemboni yamakhemikhali yamandla. , inkambu ye-photovoltaic cell); Okunye ukuphishekela ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo. Ngezinto ezithile eziguquguqukayo, ungqimba lwe-aluminiyamu olungagqwali lungalawula ngempumelelo ipuleti lesakhiwo sangaphakathi sesihlalo sebhola, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu esimweni sokusebenza sezinto eziguquguqukayo (njengemboni ye-petrochemical kanye nemboni yephepha). Ukukhethwa kwempahla ye-valve ye-valve evalwe kanzima, indawo yokuvala isihlalo sebhola ye-paint carbide ithuluzi ungqimba lwezinto zokusetshenziswa kubaluleke kakhulu, akumele kukhethwe nezimo zokusebenza, izindinganiso zezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingahambisani nethuluzi le-alloy eliqinile.
1.1.2 Ukukhethwa kwempahla kwezinye izingxenye eziyinhloko zevalvu yesango akuhambisani nezinga lokushisa elizungezile lesimo sokusebenza.
I-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima, kunezingxenye ezithile zangaphakathi zokukhethwa kwezinto azikho kakhulu izimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile noma izinga lokushisa lendawo ebonakalayo lihlobene eduze, njengokugcwalisa izinto, indandatho yokuvala, umkhono wentambo yesihlalo, njll. Ngokuvamile kunezizathu ezimbili zokukhetha ama-valve ebhola avaliwe. Enye iwukuthi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza liphezulu, futhi isihlalo esithambile sokuvala kunzima ukusithwala. Okunye ukuthi izinga le-etch yempahla namandla okuhuzuka kunamandla kakhulu, futhi isihlalo esithambile sokuvala asikho nzima ngokwanele. Ngakho, ama-valve ebhola avalwe kanzima awalingani nama-valve ebhola okushisa aphezulu. Kwezinye izimo zokusebenza, izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo aliphezulu kakhulu.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo liphansi kakhulu ngo-200 ℃, amapulasitiki okwenziwa angasetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa izinto, indandatho yokuvala (kufaka nendandatho yokuvala ikhava yomzimba, indandatho ephansi yokuvala isihlalo, indandatho ephakathi yokuvala i-flange, njll.), umkhono we-liner wesihlalo , njll. Lolu hlobo lwemishini lufana nemishini yezingxenye ezifanele ku-valve yesango elithambile.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo lidlula i-200 ℃, izinto zokugcwalisa kufanele zenziwe nge-graphite yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu (i-graphite yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu inokumelana nokushisa okuqinile, futhi izici zemvelo zokushisa eziphakeme aziguquki), indandatho yokuvala ngokuvamile yenziwe ngocingo lwensimbi olugoqwe ngaphakathi. indandatho yegraphite yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu ** (evalwe nge-graphite ehlanzekile, emise ngocingo lwensimbi), kanye nomugqa wesihlalo nawo udinga ukushintshwa ube yinsimbi eyinhlanganisela.
Ngakho-ke, kusixhumanisi sokukhetha imodeli ye-valve evala uphawu eqinile, izinga lokushisa lendawo yokusebenza yesimo sokusebenza noma izinga lokushisa lemvelo lingenye yezinto ezidingekayo okufanele zisetshenziswe ukunquma i-Angle yokukhetha imodeli. Ukukhetha okungalungile kwezingxenye eziyinhloko kuzoholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezindleko okungenani, futhi kubangele i-valve yesango engavumelekile futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
1.2 Amaphutha ajwayelekile ekukhetheni imodeli yezingxenye zesisekeli
Izingxenye ze-accessory ze-valve zihlanganisa indlela yokushayela, izinsiza ezisekelayo kanye nemishini yokushayela kanye nohlaka olusekelayo kanye neshafu yokuxhuma yomshini wokushayela oxhumayo. Ngokomthombo wayo wamandla, indlela yokushayela ye-valve yebhola evaliwe ingahlukaniswa: i-financial lever rocker, i-rocker yepayipi yensimbi engenamthungo, i-turbocharged actuator, i-spindle clutch reducer (yokulawula ngesandla noma ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo), i-actuator ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele (kubandakanya i-actuator kagesi. , i-actuator kagesi, i-electro-hydraulic actuator, njll.).
Okwe-lever rocker yezezimali, i-rocker yepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, indlela yegiya nezinye izindlela zokushayela ezinokulawulwa ngesandla, ngokuya ngevelu yetorque yokusebenza yangempela yokubala i-torque, bese kukhethwa ubude bazo noma imininingwane, amandla okugoqa nokucindezelwa kwemvelo eluhlaza. izinto zokwakha kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Ukukhethwa kwemodeli ye-actuator ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele kuyinkimbinkimbi. Thatha i-actuator kagesi njengesibonelo, i-actuator kagesi ihlukaniswe yaba uhlobo olulodwa lomphumela kanye nohlobo lwe-double effect. Ukushintsha kwamandla e-actuator kagesi okusebenzayo kabili kungumphumela wamandla asentwasahlobo, i-torque ayiguquki. I-activator kagesi enomphumela owodwa kufanele isuse umphumela wokunwebeka kwentwasahlobo lapho ivulwa, futhi ivalwe ngamandla entwasahlobo uma ikhanseliwe. Uma kunjalo, i-torque yayo yokuphuma iyinani le-torque lesigaba, elithuthukisa ubunzima bokukhetha imodeli. Ngokuvamile, i-actuator kagesi kufanele ihlanganiswe ngaphansi kwesisekelo senani le-torque emsebenzini we-valve, iphindwe ngokusebenza kokuphepha. Gwema isimo sokunganele kwamandla okusebenza ngenxa yetorque ephumayo ye-actuator enokwehluka kwesigaba.
Ngokuvamile, lapho ushiya imboni, inani letorque yokusebenza kwayo alikwazi ukutholwa ngokuphumelelayo ngaphambi kwesimo esithile sokusebenza. Izinga elivamile ukulinganisa inani labo letorque elisebenzayo ngokusekelwe kunani eligcwele letorque eliphindwe ngenkomba yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuze uthole i-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima, inkomba yezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngokuhlukana kwezimo zokusebenza. Uma kuyizinhlayiyana, umule, okokusebenza kwesihlabathi, inkomba idinga ukuba ibe nkulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokuvamile ebangeni lokukhetha okungu-1.5 ~ 2.
Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwemodeli ye-actuator ngokwayo, ukukhethwa kwemodeli yezingxenye zayo ezengeziwe kufanele futhi kuhlanganiswe nesimo sangempela, njengama-relay, ama-valve alawula ukucindezela, ukushintsha kwamandla okuma kwe-valve, njll. Isibonelo, i-actuator kagesi ene-actuator izinga elikhulu lokugeleza komoya lilungiswa nge-relay enenani elincane lokugeleza kwegesi, ukuze i-air inlet ye-actuator kagesi izohamba kancane, futhi i-valve yesango izovalwa futhi yehliswe. Lapho indawo yokuvala uphawu igqokwa isikhathi eside, ayihambisani nokuphila kwe-valve yesango. Futhi, inzuzo ye-valve yedivayisi yokuvikela ukuthi isivinini sokuvula nokuvala siyashesha. Abantu abaningi baye babeka ukuthi indawo yokuvula neyokuvala ingemizuzwana engu-N, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zesakhiwo esinengqondo sezingxenye ezifanele.
1.3 Amaphutha ajwayelekile angewona awobuchwepheshe
Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwemodeli evamile engenhla okubangelwa amaphutha avamile angewona ezobuchwepheshe, ekusetshenzisweni okuqondile kwama-valve ebhola avaliwe, ngoba indawo yokufaka, inqubo, njll, ayihambisani nendinganiso, ingase futhi ikhiqize okuvamile. amaphutha ohlelo lokusebenza, ngakho-ke ekusetshenzisweni kwama-valve wesango, kufanele alandele imiyalelo, ukuxhuma izingxenye ezizoxhunywa kahle, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho iphutha.
2 Amaphutha ajwayelekile kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe
Amaphutha avamile ama-majors angewona ezobuchwepheshe okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla wonke abangelwa izici zomuntu futhi avela ezicini ezizimele. Uma uhlakaniphile noma unokuhlangenwe nakho okucebile kokusebenza, ungakwazi ukubhekana nazo. Isizathu samaphutha avamile asihlangene nesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-valve yesango. Futhi ukwehluleka okuvamile kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Ukulibeka ngembaba, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe bochwepheshe be-valve yesango eliqinile neliqinile abukavuthwa ngokwanele. Ngezinye izikhathi sizama kuphela ukunciphisa umthelela wayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa kunzima ukuyixazulula ngokuphelele. Ngokwemvelo, uma i-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima enempilo yesevisi yezinyanga ezingu-3 ingasetshenziswa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sonyaka ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwephutha noma ukuvimbela, ngisho noma amaphutha avamile angenakugwenywa ngokuphelele, angabizwa nangokuthi impumelelo.
2.1 Ukuvuza okudalwe ukulimala kwendawo evalekile
Ukuze i-valve yesango, ngisho ne-valve yesango, indawo yokuvala iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ethinta umsebenzi ohlobene we-valve yesango lonke. Kusukela kumgomo wokusebenza we-valve yesango, i-valve yesango ivula futhi ivala izingxenye, inqubo yayo yokusebenza iyinqubo yonke yokuvula ibhola lensimbi noma ukukhansela esihlalweni se-valve, uma indawo yokuvala yonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokuvula noma ukuvala, ukuvala uphawu. indawo engaphezulu ingase ivuze, okuholela ekuvuzeni kwe-valve, i-valve yesango ayivumelekile.
2.1.1 Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kweziphethu zezihlalo
Umehluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamavalvu ebhola avalwe ngokuqinile namavalvu esango avaliwe ukuthi ibhola lensimbi nesihlalo konke kuyizinto eziyinhlanganisela yensimbi, ehlukile kunebhola lensimbi elivalwe ngokuthambile liyimpahla yensimbi, futhi isihlalo siyinto engeyona eyensimbi. Ngakho-ke, isimiso sokuvala sizohluka, isimiso sokuvala i-valve yesango elithambile sithi: Amandla okuvala phakathi kwebhola nesihlalo abangela ukuba isihlalo sevalvu esingeyona eyensimbi sigobe, futhi siguqule ukuxhumana komugqa ongalingani phakathi kwesihlalo se-valve nebhola. ukuxhumana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kokuba isihlalo se-valve yokuvala esithambile sihlanekezelwe futhi sikhubazekile, siphinde sixhunywe nengaphezulu lebhola ukuze kunxeshezelwe imbobo engalingani yendawo engaphezulu yebhola. Uma ukuhlanekezela kwebhola kanye nesihlalo se-valve kukhulu noma kuncane, izici zokubeka uphawu ngeke zithinteke. Umgomo wokuvala we-valve yebhola evalwe kanzima ukuthi amandla okuvala phakathi kwebhola lensimbi nesihlalo kunzima ukugoba isihlalo se-valve yensimbi, ngakho-ke amandla amaningi okuvala (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-valve yesango elithambile) kufanele isetshenziselwe ukugoba indawo yokuvala. kwesihlalo se-valve, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwebhola lensimbi nesihlalo se-valve, ukuze kuzuzwe uphawu, kodwa ukugoba kuncane, uma amandla esihlalo sebhola eshintshwa kancane, Angase angavali. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zimiso ezimbili awunzima kakhulu ukuthola imiphumela emibili: okokuqala, i-valve yensimbi yensimbi evaliwe ngokuqinile kanye nengcindezi ye-extrusion yesihlalo inkulu kakhulu; Okubili, i-valve yebhola eqinile yophawu lwesistimu yokulungisa ingaphansi kwe-valve yesango elithambile.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezela kwe-extrusion phakathi kwebhola le-valve elivaliwe eliqinile kanye nesihlalo se-valve sikhulu kakhulu, ukungqubuzana okuguquguqukayo kwenzeka phakathi kwebhola lensimbi yensimbi kanye nesihlalo sensimbi lapho i-valve yesango ivuliwe futhi ivaliwe. Ngokusho konjiniyela bonjiniyela, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinto zensimbi ezinamandla afanayo cishe kuzolimaza indawo yokuvala (okubangele imihuzuko endaweni evalekayo). Kuma-valve ebhola avalwe kanzima, isiphethu se-torsion (i-disc spring noma i-colum spring) ngokuvamile ixhunywa ngemva kwesihlalo ukuze kuqhathaniswe ingcindezi yokusebenza ukuze ilungiswe. Ukuthi, ngezinga elithile, amandla okubeka uphawu ohlwini oluthile, aye afinyelela uphawu.
2.1.2 Umphumela wokunciphisa indandatho yesihlalo sevalvu
Umphumela we-cushioning wentwasahlobo uchazwe ngenhla. Amandla okunwebeka nokucindezelwa kwentwasahlobo kuwubudlelwano bomugqa noma obufanayo bokusebenza, futhi ububanzi be-amplitude bufushane, ngakho-ke bungalungiswa kububanzi obuncane kakhulu. Uma i-valve yesango ivuza noma inkulu kunencazelo yengcindezi yokusebenza noma ingaphansi kwayo, kufanele ilungiswe ubukhulu bendandatho yokucindezela kwesihlalo efakwe ngemuva kwesihlalo.
2.1.3 Ukuvuza kwendawo evalekayo okubangelwa isimo sokusebenza
Eqinisweni, ngokusebenza kahle kwama-valve ebhola avaliwe, okuholela ekudidekeni okukhulu akuyona inkinga yobuchwepheshe, ngisho nokwenza ngokwezifiso ukunemba okuphezulu, ekusetshenzisweni okuqondile, kusazoba nezinkinga ezithile, izinkinga ezinjalo ngokuvamile zivela embonini yamakhemikhali amalahle, i-photovoltaic cell field, izici ezihambisanayo zalesi simo ukuthi into ayikhiwanga umhwamuko owodwa noma uketshezi, lapho kunenani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, izinhlayiya ezinjalo ezimisiwe ziholela ekugezeni okuqinile kwesango lokugeleza kwebhola lensimbi. kanye nesihlalo se-valve, futhi uze weqe isango lokugeleza ungene endaweni yokuvala, okungaholela ekulimaleni okubulalayo endaweni yokuvala.
Uma sibhekene nalesi simo, isimo sokugcinwa kwe-valve yesango singu-20% wevolumu yokulungisa. Ibhola le-valve yesango lokuvala laseBrithani kanye nezidingo zobuso bokuvalwa kwesihlalo ziphakeme kakhulu, uma ukuklwebheka kudlula u-0.1mm, ukugaya okuningi ngeke kusetshenziswe, uma isimo esinjalo senzeke, ngokuvamile isihlalo sebhola siyalimala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho gcina lezi zinto ziphansi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izinhlangothi ezimbili zendawo yokuvala yesihlalo se-valve zisikiwe ezinyathelweni ezi-2, okungukuthi, isakhiwo "sokukhuhla kabili". Izitebhisi ezinhlangothini zombili zifana namapuleti amabili okuklebhula. Enkambweni yokuvula nokuvala ibhola lensimbi, izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ezixhunywe ebholeni lensimbi zingashefa ngokuphumelelayo ukuze zingangeni endaweni yokubeka uphawu. Ngokwemvelo, lolu hlobo lwesihlalo luvame ukusetshenziswa esimweni sezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, emanzini, impahla ye-steam, isakhiwo se-scraper ukunciphisa amandla okucindezela kwesihlalo, nokuthuthukisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ngaphandle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-16-2023
