Kutentha kosalekeza kolimba kosindikizidwa ndi vuto la valavu ya mpira ndi njira yothetsera chipata cha valve yapadziko lonse lapansi,
kusankha vavu pachipata ndi kuyambitsa ntchito
Miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito ma valve osindikizira a mpira ndi okhwima kwambiri kuposa valavu yofewa yosindikizira, kutentha kosalekeza, dzimbiri lamphamvu ndi mwaye, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mchenga ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza valavu yosindikizira yolimba zidapangitsa chopinga chachikulu. Pogwiritsira ntchito ma valve otsekedwa mwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha zochitika zogwirira ntchito kapena zinthu zaumunthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma valve osowa pakhomo ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwa. Ndikofunikira komanso kothandiza kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa valve pachipata ndikufufuza njira zopewera kulephera kwa ogwira ntchito m'makampani a valve ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito ma valve osindikizira a mpira ndi okhwima kwambiri kuposa valavu yofewa yosindikizira, kutentha kosalekeza, dzimbiri lamphamvu ndi mwaye, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mchenga ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza valavu yosindikizira yolimba zidapangitsa chopinga chachikulu. Pogwiritsira ntchito ma valve otsekedwa mwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha zochitika zogwirira ntchito kapena zinthu zaumunthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma valve osowa pakhomo ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwa. Ndikofunikira komanso kothandiza kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa valve pachipata ndikufufuza njira zopewera kulephera kwa ogwira ntchito m'makampani a valve ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Cholinga ndikuwunika valavu yosindikizidwa kwambiri ya mpira ndi zovuta zomwe zimapezeka munjira yonse yogwiritsira ntchito, kukulitsa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe amagetsi osindikizidwa a valve ndi kasinthidwe ka zida ziyenera kulabadira zovutazo, ndikupereka malangizo a kusintha.
Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pogawa, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pagulu zolimba zosindikizidwa zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri awa: zolakwika zomwe sizili zaukadaulo waukadaulo komanso zolakwika zomwe akatswiri amakumana nazo.
1 Zolakwika zofala m'masukulu omwe si aukadaulo
Kulephera kotereku sikuli kofunikira paukadaulo, ndiko kuti, si mawonekedwe amkati a valve yachipata kapena kulephera kwa magwiridwe antchito amkati. Choncho, zochitika zolephera nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi miyezo yakunja.
1.1 Kusankha mavavu molakwika
Makasitomala ena amasankha mitundu ya ma valve pachipata, chifukwa chosamvetsetsa bwino momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito, kapena poganizira mtengo, valavu yachipata yosankhidwayo siyingakwaniritse zofunikira za kutentha, kupanikizika, dzimbiri, abrasion, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu yachipata ikaperekedwe. , posachedwa zachilendo.
Chifukwa chake, pakusankha, mbali yamakasitomala kapena bungwe lokonzekera liyenera kuyika kukhazikika kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chinthucho, chifukwa chake mtengo wosankha zinthu zotsika mtengo kwambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa kulephera wamba komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakuvulazidwa, koma ndalama zanzeru komanso zotsika mtengo. ponda mopusa. Mfundo iyi mumikhalidwe yolimba ya kusankha kwachitsanzo cha valve yosindikizidwa, ndiyofunika kwambiri.
1.1.1 Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa zida za carbide pamalo osindikizira pampando wa mpira
Ma valve otsekedwa mwamphamvu amayang'ana pa mpira wachitsulo, yankho lowumitsa mpando. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulo chosindikizira chitsulo, chosindikizira cholimba chapakati chapakati chimakhala chokwera kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya valve general gate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zitsekedwe kapena kusokoneza, zomwe zingayambitse valavu yachipata kuti isagwiritsidwe bwino. Panthawiyi yogwiritsira ntchito, zotsatira zake zimakhalanso zabwino zowumitsa mipando ya mpira ndizomwe luso lazojambula la carbide (nthawi zambiri nickel base superalloy ndi chromium cobalt alloy), kusindikiza kolimba mpira wa valve ndi mpando wa vavu wosanjikiza utoto kumlingo waukulu zimadalira mpira mpando kusindikiza pamwamba ntchito zizindikiro ndi moyo utumiki, kotero mu zinthu zenizeni zovuta ntchito, kusankha mkhalidwe weniweni wa carbide chida wosanjikiza.
Kusankhidwa kwa aloyi olimba kudula chida wosanjikiza ndi za njira ziwiri: imodzi ndi kutsata mphamvu zake, mkulu kulimba zotayidwa aloyi wosanjikiza wosanjikiza kuvala kukana, abrasion kukana ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, makamaka ntchito zabwino, zolimba inaimitsidwa tinthu zinthu zinthu (monga mphamvu makampani mankhwala. , gawo la cell la photovoltaic); China ndi kutsata kukana dzimbiri. Ndi zinthu zina zosasunthika, wosanjikiza wosagwirizana ndi aluminium alloy amatha kuwongolera bwino mbale yamkati yampando wa mpira, motero amatalikitsa moyo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwirira ntchito kwa zinthu zosakhazikika (monga mafakitale a petrochemical ndi mafakitale a pepala). Kusankhidwa kwa zida zomata kwambiri za mpira, mpando wosindikizira pamwamba pa chida cha carbide cha utoto ndizofunikira kwambiri, siziyenera kusankhidwa ndi zikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, miyezo yazinthu zogwiritsira ntchito zosagwirizana ndi chida cholimba cha alloy.
1.1.2 Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu za zigawo zina zazikulu za valve yachipata sikumagwirizana ndi kutentha kwapakati pa ntchito
Valavu yosindikizidwa kwambiri ya mpira, pali mbali zina zamkati mwa kusankha kwazinthu zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kutentha kozungulira kapena kutentha kwa chilengedwe kumagwirizana kwambiri, monga kudzaza zinthu, mphete yosindikiza, chingwe cha waya, etc. Nthawi zambiri pali zifukwa ziwiri zopangira mavavu a mpira osindikizidwa mwamphamvu. Chimodzi ndi chakuti kutentha kwa ntchito kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo mpando wosindikizira wofewa ndi wovuta kupirira. Chinacho ndikuti mulingo wa etch wazinthu ndi kuthekera kwa abrasion ndizolimba kwambiri, ndipo mpando wosindikiza wofewa siwovuta mokwanira. Choncho, ma valve otsekedwa mwamphamvu sali ofanana ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpira. Muzochitika zina zogwirira ntchito, kutentha kozungulira kwa mankhwala sikokwera kwambiri.
Kutentha kwakuthupi kukakhala kotsika kwambiri ndi 200 ℃, mapulasitiki opangira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza zinthu, mphete yosindikiza (kuphatikiza mphete yosindikizira yotchinga thupi, mphete yosindikizira yapampando wakumunsi, mphete yosindikiza yapakatikati, ndi zina zambiri. , etc. Zida zamtunduwu ndizofanana ndi zida za zigawo zofunikira mu valve yofewa yosindikizira pachipata.
Kutentha kwakuthupi kupitilira 200 ℃, zodzazitsazo ziyenera kupangidwa ndi graphite yoyera kwambiri (graphite yoyera kwambiri imakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe a kutentha kwambiri sasintha), mphete yosindikiza nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi waya wachitsulo wokutidwa mkati. mphete ya graphite yapamwamba yoyera ** (yosindikizidwa ndi graphite yoyera kwambiri, yopangidwa ndi waya wachitsulo), ndipo mzere wapampando uyeneranso kusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zachitsulo.
Choncho, mu chosindikizira cholimba mpira valavu chitsanzo kusankha ulalo, ntchito chikhalidwe chilengedwe kutentha kapena thupi chilengedwe kutentha ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa chitsanzo kusankha Angle. Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa zigawo zazikulu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wocheperako, komanso kupangitsa kuti valavu yachipata yosayenera ndipo siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
1.2 Zolakwika zofala pakusankha kwachitsanzo kwa zida zowonjezera
Zigawo zowonjezera za valavu zimaphatikizapo makina oyendetsa galimoto, zipangizo zothandizira ndi zipangizo zamakina oyendetsa galimoto ndi chimango chothandizira ndi shaft yolumikizira makina oyendetsa galimoto. Malinga ndi gwero lake lamagetsi, njira yoyendetsera ya valve yotsekedwa mwamphamvu imatha kugawidwa kukhala: rocker yachuma, rocker yachitsulo yopanda waya, turbocharged actuator, spindle clutch reducer (yowongolera pamanja kapena ntchito yodziwikiratu), actuator yodziwikiratu (kuphatikiza makina opangira magetsi). , makina opangira magetsi, electro-hydraulic actuator, etc.).
Kwa rocker yachuma, chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chosasunthika, makina amagetsi ndi njira zina zoyendetsera ndi kuwongolera pamanja, malinga ndi mtengo weniweni wa torque wowerengera torque, ndiyeno kusankha kutalika kapena mawonekedwe awo, mphamvu ya torsional ndi compressive yachilengedwe yaiwisi yaiwisi. zipangizo ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Kusankha kwachitsanzo kwa choyatsira chodziwikiratu ndizovuta kwambiri. Tengani choyatsira magetsi mwachitsanzo, chowongolera chamagetsi chimagawidwa kukhala mtundu umodzi wamtundu umodzi komanso mtundu wapawiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi imakhala ndi mphamvu yamasika, torque ndiyofanana. Single-effect magetsi actuator ayenera kuchotsa kasupe zotanuka kwenikweni pamene anatsegula, ndi kuzimitsa ndi kasupe mphamvu pamene kuthetsedwa. Zikatero, torque yake yotulutsa ndi mtengo wamtundu wa torque, womwe umakulitsa zovuta za kusankha kwachitsanzo. Nthawi zambiri, actuator yamagetsi iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa molingana ndi mtengo wa torque mu ntchito ya valavu, kuchulukitsidwa ndi chitetezo. Pewani kukhala ndi mphamvu yosakwanira yogwiritsira ntchito chifukwa cha torque yotulutsa ya actuator yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, pochoka kufakitale, mtengo wake wa torque sungathe kuzindikirika bwino momwe ntchito isanachitike. Muyezo wamba ndikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa torque yawo yogwira ntchito kutengera kuchuluka kwa torque yochulukidwa ndi index yazinthu. Kwa valavu yosindikizidwa yolimba ya mpira, ndondomeko yazinthu iyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kusiyana kwa ntchito. Ngati ndi kanthu, mwaye, zinthu zamchenga, index iyenera kukhala yayikulu momwe mungathere, nthawi zambiri pamasankhidwe a 1.5 ~ 2.
Kuphatikiza pa kusankhidwa kwachitsanzo kwa actuator yokha, kusankha kwachitsanzo kwa zigawo zake zowonjezera kuyeneranso kuphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zenizeni, monga ma relays, ma valve oyendetsa mphamvu, kusintha kwa mphamvu ya valve, ndi zina zotero. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mpweya kumapangidwira ndi relay ndi mpweya wochepa wa gasi, kotero kuti mpweya wa mpweya wa actuator wamagetsi ukhale wochepa kwambiri, ndipo valve yachipata idzatsekedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa. Kutalikirapo kusindikiza pamwamba kumavala, sikuthandiza ku moyo wa valve yachipata. Ndipo, ubwino wa valavu ya chipangizo chotetezera ndikuti kutsegula ndi kutseka kufulumira. Anthu ambiri anena kuti malo otsegulira ndi otsekera ali mu masekondi a N, zomwe zimayika patsogolo zofunikira za masanjidwe oyenera a magawo oyenera.
1.3 Zolakwika zomwe sizili zaukadaulo
Kuphatikiza pa kusankhidwa kwachitsanzo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe sizili zaukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve otsekedwa mwamphamvu, chifukwa malo oyika, njira, ndi zina, sizigwirizana ndi muyezo, zitha kutulutsanso wamba. zolakwika zogwiritsira ntchito, kotero pogwiritsira ntchito ma valve a pakhomo, ayenera kutsatira malangizowo, kugwirizanitsa zigawozo kuti zigwirizane bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe cholakwika.
2 Zolakwika wamba mu ukatswiri luso
Zolakwa zomwe sizili zaukadaulo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zonse zimayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zaumunthu ndipo zimachokera kuzinthu zokhazikika. Ngati ndinu wanzeru kapena muli ndi luso lantchito, mutha kuthana nazo. Chifukwa cha zolakwa wamba alibe chochita ndi kapangidwe mkati mwa valve chipata. Ndipo luso akatswiri wamba kulephera. Kunena mosapita m'mbali, izi ndichifukwa chakuti ukadaulo waukadaulo wa valve yolimba komanso yolimba yachipata sichikukhwima mokwanira. Nthawi zina timangoyesa kuchepetsa zotsatira zake momwe tingathere, koma n'zovuta kuthetsa kwathunthu. Mwachibadwa, ngati valavu yolimba yosindikizidwa ya mpira yokhala ndi moyo wautumiki wa miyezi 3 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yoposa theka la chaka kupyolera mu kugwiritsira ntchito zolakwika kapena kupewa, ngakhale zolakwa zofala sizingapewedwe kwathunthu, zikhoza kutchedwanso kupambana.
2.1 Kutayikira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo osindikizira
Kwa valavu yachipata, komanso ngakhale valavu yachipata, malo osindikizira ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limakhudza ntchito yokhudzana ndi valve yonse ya chipata. Kuchokera pa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya valve yachipata, valavu ya chipata ikutsegula ndi kutseka mbali, njira yake yogwirira ntchito ndi njira yonse yotsegula mpira wachitsulo kapena kulepheretsa pampando wa valve, ngati malo osindikizira awonongeka pakutsegula kapena kutseka, kusindikiza. pamwamba pakhoza kutuluka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kutuluka kwa valve, valavu yachipata ndi yolakwika.
2.1.1 Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo osungiramo mipando
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa ma valve osindikizidwa olimba a mpira ndi ma valve otsekedwa otsekedwa ndi kuti mpira wachitsulo ndi mpando ndi zipangizo zonse zachitsulo, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi mpira wofewa wosindikizidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, ndipo mpando ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo. Chifukwa chake, mfundo yosindikiza idzakhala yosiyana, mfundo yosindikizira ya chipata chofewa ndi: Mphamvu yosindikiza pakati pa mpira ndi mpando imapangitsa kuti mpando wa valve wa zinthu zopanda zitsulo upinde, ndikusintha kukhudzana kwa mzere pakati pa mpando wa valve ndi mpira. kukhudzana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpando wa valve wofewa wotsekedwa umasokonekera ndikuwonongeka, umagwirizanitsidwanso ndi pamwamba pa mpira kuti ulipire pothole wosagwirizana wa pamwamba pa mpirawo. Ngati kupotoza kwa mpira ndi mpando wa valve ndi kwakukulu kapena kochepa, zizindikiro zosindikizira sizidzakhudzidwa. Mfundo yosindikizira ya valve yotsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi yakuti mphamvu yosindikizira pakati pa mpira wachitsulo ndi mpando ndizovuta kupindika mpando wazitsulo wazitsulo, kotero mphamvu yosindikizira (poyerekeza ndi valavu yosindikizira yofewa) iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupindika pamwamba. wa mpando wa valve, kuti akwaniritse kugwirizana pakati pa mpira wachitsulo ndi mpando wa valve, kuti akwaniritse chisindikizo, koma kupindika kumakhala kochepa, ngati mphamvu ya mpando wa mpira wasinthidwa pang'ono, Ikhoza kusasindikiza. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi sikovuta kwambiri kupeza zotsatira ziwiri: choyamba, chosindikizira cholimba chosindikizidwa mpira valavu zitsulo mpira ndi mpando extrusion kuthamanga ndi yaikulu kwambiri; Awiri, valavu yosindikizira yolimba ya chisindikizo cha makina osinthika ndi otsika kuposa valve yofewa yosindikizira.
Chifukwa kuthamanga kwa extrusion pakati pa mpira wotsekedwa wotsekedwa bwino wa valve ndi mpando wa valve ndi waukulu kwambiri, kukangana kwapakati kumachitika pakati pa mpira wachitsulo wachitsulo ndi mpando wachitsulo pamene valve yachipata imatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa. Malinga ndi umakaniko wauinjiniya, kukangana pakati pa zida zachitsulo zokhala ndi mphamvu yofananira kumatha kuvulaza malo osindikizira (kuyambitsa mikanda pamalo osindikizira). M'ma valve otsekedwa mwamphamvu, kasupe wa torsion (disc spring kapena column spring) nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa pambuyo pa mpando kuti afanizire kupanikizika kwa ntchito kuti asinthe. Kuti, kumlingo wakutiwakuti, mphamvu yosindikizira m’gulu linalake, yafikira chisindikizocho.
2.1.2 Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mphete yapampando wa valve
The cushioning zotsatira za masika zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Mphamvu zotanuka ndi kukanikiza kwa kasupe ndizolumikizana kapena zofananira, ndipo matalikidwe ake ndi aafupi, kotero amatha kusinthidwa pang'ono kwambiri. Pamene valve yachipata ikuwotcha kapena yokulirapo kuposa kapena pansi pa kupanikizika kwa ntchito, iyenera kusinthidwa ndi makulidwe a mphete yokakamiza mpando yomwe imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mpando.
2.1.3 Kutayikira kwa malo osindikizira chifukwa cha momwe amagwirira ntchito
M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mavavu osindikizidwa olimba a mpira, zomwe zimatsogolera ku chisokonezo chachikulu sivuto laukadaulo, ngakhale makonda makonda olondola kwambiri, mukugwiritsa ntchito, padzakhalabe mavuto, zovuta zotere zimawonekera mumakampani opanga mankhwala a malasha, photovoltaic cell field, mawonekedwe ofanana a chikhalidwe ichi ndi chakuti chinthucho sichipangidwa ndi nthunzi imodzi kapena madzi, momwe muli tinthu tambirimbiri tomwe tiyimitsidwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa kuchapa mwamphamvu kwa chipata chothamanga cha mpira wachitsulo. ndi mpando wa valve, ndipo ngakhale kuwoloka chipata cholowera kumalo osindikizira, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa malo osindikizira.
Poyang'anizana ndi izi, kukonzanso kwa valve ya pachipata kumakhala 20% ya voliyumu yokonza. Mpira wa valve yosindikizira pachipata cha British ndi zofunikira zosindikizira pampando ndizokwera kwambiri, pamene kukanda kumapitirira 0.1mm, kugaya zambiri sikungathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zikachitika zoterezi, nthawi zambiri mpando wa mpira umawonongeka nthawi yomweyo. Choncho sungani zinthu izi motsika momwe mungathere.
Mbali ziwiri za malo osindikizira a mpando wa valve zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku masitepe a 2, ndiko kuti, "double scraper". Masitepe a mbali zonse ziwiri ali ngati mbale ziwiri zopala. Potsegula ndi kutseka mpira wachitsulo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayika pa mpira wachitsulo tikhoza kumetedwa bwino kuti zisalowe m'malo osindikizira. Mwachilengedwe, mpando wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono, madzi, zinthu za nthunzi, kapangidwe ka scraper kuti muchepetse kulimba kwa mpando, ndikuwongolera mtengo wopangira, popanda.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-16-2023
