Inoenderera yakakwira tembiricha yakaoma yakavharwa bhora vharafu kukanganisa kuongororwa uye mhinduro general gedhi vharafu yeglobe valve,
kusarudzwa kwevhavha yegedhi uye sumo yekushandisa
Hard seal bhora vharafu kushandiswa mamiriro akanyanya kuomarara kupfuura yakapfava seal gedhi vharafu, inoenderera tembiricha yakakwira, kusimba kwakasimba uye soot, tunhu tunhu, jecha uye zvimwe zvinhu pakuenderera kwekushandiswa kwevharuvhu yebhora rakaoma rakakonzera chipingamupinyi chikuru. Mukushandiswa kwevhavha yakavharwa yakaoma, inowanzokonzerwa nemamiriro ekushanda kana zvinhu zvevanhu zvinokonzerwa nemavhavha emagedhi asina kujairika uye inofanira kugadziriswa. Izvo zvinodikanwa uye zvinobudirira kugona zvikonzero zvekutadza kwegedhi kutadza kwevhavha uye wozotsvaga nzira dzekudzivirira kutadza kwevashandi veindasitiri yevharuvhu uye vashandisi vezvigadzirwa.
Hard seal bhora vharafu kushandiswa mamiriro akanyanya kuomarara kupfuura yakapfava seal gedhi vharafu, inoenderera tembiricha yakakwira, kusimba kwakasimba uye soot, tunhu tunhu, jecha uye zvimwe zvinhu pakuenderera kwekushandiswa kwevharuvhu yebhora rakaoma rakakonzera chipingamupinyi chikuru. Mukushandiswa kwevhavha yakavharwa yakaoma, inowanzokonzerwa nemamiriro ekushanda kana zvinhu zvevanhu zvinokonzerwa nemavhavha emagedhi asina kujairika uye inofanira kugadziriswa. Izvo zvinodikanwa uye zvinobudirira kugona zvikonzero zvekutadza kwegedhi kutadza kwevhavha uye wozotsvaga nzira dzekudzivirira kutadza kwevashandi veindasitiri yevharuvhu uye vashandisi vezvigadzirwa.
Chinangwa ndechekuongorora iyo yakaoma yakavharwa bhora vharafu uye matambudziko anowanikwa mune yese maitiro ekushandiswa kwemushandisi, kuwedzera iyo yakaoma yakavharwa bhora vharafu chigadzirwa chimiro dhizaini uye kumisikidzwa kwemidziyo inoda kuterera kumatambudziko, uye kupa kutungamira kuvandudzika.
Kubva pamaonero ekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa kupatsanura, hard sealed bhora vharafu zvakajairika zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvinotevera: non-technical professional common faults uye technical professional common zvikanganiso.
1 Kukanganisa kwakajairika mune zvisiri-tekinoroji majors
Rudzi urwu rwekutadza kwakajairika haruna basa kune tekinoroji, ndiko kuti, haisi iyo yemukati chimiro chegedhi vharafu kana yemukati dhizaini zvikamu kutadza kushanda. Nokudaro, zviitiko zvekukundikana zvinowanzokonzerwa nemaitiro ekunze.
1.1 Kusarudzwa kwevharuvhu kwakashata
Vamwe vatengi vanosarudza magedhi evharuvhu modhi, nekuda kwekusanzwisisa kwakakwana kwechigadzirwa chekushanda mamiriro, kana mukufunga nezve mutengo, yakasarudzwa gedhi vharafu haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda tembiricha, kudzvanywa, corrosion yezvinhu, abrasion, zvichikonzera kuti gedhi revhavha risati ratumirwa. , nokukurumidza abnormal.
Nokudaro, mukusarudza, rutivi rwemutengi kana sangano rekuronga rinofanira kuisa kugadzikana kwekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa panzvimbo, saka mutengo wekusarudza zvinhu zvakaderera-zvishoma, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwakajairwa kunokonzerwa nekukuvadza, asi penny yakachenjera uye. pondo benzi. Iyi poindi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ebhora rakavharwa sarudzo yemuenzaniso, yakakosha zvikuru.
1.1.1 Kusarudzika kwezvinhu kusarudzwa kwependi yecarbide chishandiso pamusoro pechigaro chebhora chisimbiso
Hard sealed bhora vharafu performance inotarisa pane simbi bhora, chigaro chepamusoro chekuomesa mhinduro. Kuti ive nechokwadi chesimbi kusvika kusimbi chisimbiso, chisimbiso chakaoma bhora chigaro chepakati chisimbiso chakakwirira kudarika kushanda kwevhavhavha yegedhi, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti simbi inoumbwa nesimbi ivharwe kana kuvhiringidzika, zvose zvinogona kukonzera vharafu yegedhi kuti isashandiswe nemazvo. Panguva ino yekushandiswa, mhedzisiro zvakare yakanaka bhora chigaro chekuomesera nzira ndeye pendi carbide chishandiso tekinoroji (kazhinji nickel base superalloy uye chromium cobalt alloy), yakaoma sealing bhora bhora revhavha uye chigaro chevhavha pendi layer kusvika pamwero mukuru zvinoenderana ne bhora rekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pekuita zviratidzo uye hupenyu hwebasa, saka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekushanda, kusarudza mamiriro chaiwo e carbide tool layer.
Kusarudzwa kweiyo yakaoma alloy yekucheka dhizaini ndeye nzira mbiri: imwe ndeyekutevera kusimba kwayo, yakakwirira kuomarara aluminium alloy layer kupfeka kuramba, abrasion resistance yakasimba kwazvo, inonyanya kushandiswa kune yakanaka, yakaoma yakamiswa particle zvinhu mamiriro (senge simba remakemikari indasitiri. , photovoltaic cell field); Imwe yacho ndeyekutevera corrosion resistance yayo. Nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoputika, iyo corrosion resistant aluminium alloy layer inokwanisa kunyatso kudzora yemukati dhizaini yechigaro chebhora, nekudaro ichiwedzera hupenyu. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumamiriro ekushanda kwezvinhu zvinoputika (zvakadai se petrochemical industry uye mapepa indasitiri). Yakaomeswa yakavharwa bhora vharafu zvinhu kusarudzwa, chigaro chebhora chisimbiso chepamusoro pepende carbide chishandiso chemidziyo yakakosha zvikuru, haifanirwe kusarudzwa uye mamiriro ekushanda, zvimiro zvekushandisa zvisingaenderane neyakaoma alloy chishandiso.
1.1.2 Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvezvimwe zvikamu zvikuru zvevharuvhu yegedhi hazvienderane neambient tembiricha yemamiriro ekushanda.
Hard sealed ball valve, kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemukati zvekusarudzwa kwezvinhu hazvisi zvakanyanya mamiriro ekushandiswa kweambient tembiricha kana tembiricha yemamiriro ekunze ane hukama zvakanyanya, sekuzadza zvinhu, mhete yekuisa chisimbiso, chigaro chewaya sleeve, nezvimwe. Pane kazhinji zvikonzero zviviri zvekusarudza yakaoma yakavharwa bhora mavharuvhu. Imwe ndeyekuti tembiricha yekushanda yakakwira, uye chigaro chakapfava chekuisa chisimbiso chakaoma kutakura. Imwe yacho ndeyekuti iyo etch level uye kugona kweabrasion yakasimba kwazvo, uye chigaro chakapfava chekuisa chisimbiso hachina kuoma zvakakwana. Saka, yakaoma chisimbiso bhora mavharuvhu haana kuenzana tembiricha bhora mavharuvhu. Mune mamwe mamiriro ekushanda, ambient tembiricha yechigadzirwa haisati yanyanya kukwirira.
Kana tembiricha yemidziyo yakadzikira ne200 ℃, mapurasitiki ekugadzira anogona kushandiswa kuzadza zvinhu, kuisa chisimbiso mhete (kusanganisira chivharo chekuvhara chisimbiso mhete, chigaro chepasi chisimbiso mhete, yepakati flange yekuisa chisimbiso mhete, nezvimwewo), chigaro che liner sleeve , etc. Rudzi urwu rwemichina rwakafanana nemidziyo yezvikamu zvakakosha muvhavha yakapfava yegedhi.
Kana tembiricha yechinhu ichipfuura 200 ℃, zvinhu zvekuzadza zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nekuchena kwakakwira graphite (yakanyanya kuchena graphite ine yakasimba kupisa kupisa, uye yakanyanya tembiricha yemamiriro ekunze maitiro haashanduke), mhete yekuisa chisimbiso inowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi waya yakaputirwa mukati. high purity graphite ring ** (yakavharwa nekuchena kwakakwirira graphite, yakaumbwa nesimbi waya), uye chigaro chechigaro chinodawo kuchinjwa kuva simbi inosanganiswa zvinhu.
Naizvozvo, mune yakaoma chisimbiso bhora vharafu muenzaniso kusarudzwa link, kushanda mamiriro ezvinhu tembiricha kana muviri kwezvakatipoteredza tembiricha chimwe chezvinhu zvinodiwa zvinofanira kushandiswa kuona muenzaniso kusarudzwa Angle. Kusarudzika kusarudzwa kwezvikamu zvikuru kunotungamira kumutengo wekushandisa zvishoma, uye kukonzeresa kusashanda kwegedhi valve uye haigone kushandiswa.
1.2 Kukanganisa kwakajairika mumuenzaniso kusarudzwa kwezvikamu zvekuwedzera
Izvo zvikamu zvevhavhavha zvinosanganisira nzira yekutyaira, zvivakwa zvinotsigira uye michina yekutyaira uye iyo inotsigira furemu uye yekubatanidza shaft yeinobatanidza kutyaira michina. Zvinoenderana neayo simba sosi, iyo yekutyaira yakavharwa bhora vharafu inogona kupatsanurwa kuita: yezvemari lever rocker, seamless simbi pombi rocker, turbocharged actuator, spindle clutch reducer (yebhuku rekutonga kana otomatiki kushanda), zvizere otomatiki actuator (kusanganisira yemagetsi actuator. , electric actuator, electro-hydraulic actuator, nezvimwewo).
Kune yezvemari lever rocker, isina musono simbi pombi rocker, giya dhizaini uye dzimwe nzira dzekutyaira dzine manyorero ekudzora, zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo yekushanda torque kukosha kuverengera torque, uye vobva vasarudza yavo kureba kana kutsanangurwa, iyo torsional uye inomanikidza simba rechisikigo mbishi. zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa.
Kusarudzwa kwemuenzaniso kweiyo yakazara otomatiki actuator yakaoma. Tora iyo yemagetsi actuator semuenzaniso, iyo yemagetsi actuator yakakamurwa kuita imwechete mhedzisiro mhando uye kaviri maitiro emhando. Kaviri mhedzisiro yemagetsi actuator simba switch is spring force effect, torque inowirirana. Single-effect electric actuator inofanira kubvisa chitubu elastic mhedzisiro kana ichivhurwa, uye kudzima nechisimba chechirimo kana yakadzimwa. Muchiitiko ichocho, torque yayo yakabuda iboka re torque kukosha, iyo inowedzera kuoma kwekusarudza muenzaniso. Kazhinji, electric actuator inofanirwa kuunganidzwa pasi peiyo torque kukosha mubasa revhavha, yakapetwa nekuita kwekuchengetedza. Dzivisa mamiriro ekushaikwa kwesimba rekushandisa nekuda kweiyo torque yekubuda kweiyo actuator ine mhando yemhando.
Kazhinji, kana uchibuda mufekitori, kukosha kwayo kwekushanda torque hakugone kunyatsoonekwa pamberi peiyo chaiyo yekushanda mamiriro. Iyo yakajairwa chiyero ndeyekufungidzira yavo yekushanda torque kukosha zvichibva pane yakazara mutoro torque kukosha kwakapetwa nechinhu index. Kune yakaoma yakavharwa bhora valve, iyo indekisi yezvinhu inofanira kusarudzwa maererano nekusiyana kwemamiriro ekushanda. Kana iri chidimbu, soot, jecha zvinhu, index inoda kuve yakakura sezvinobvira, kazhinji muhuwandu hwe1.5 ~ 2 sarudzo.
Mukuwedzera kune kusarudzwa kwemuenzaniso we actuator pachayo, kusarudzwa kwemuenzaniso wezvikamu zvayo zvekuwedzera kunofanirawo kusanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zvakadai serelays, mavhavha ekugadzirisa mavhavha, nzvimbo yevhavha yemagetsi, nezvimwewo. mhepo huru yekuyerera kwemhepo inogadziriswa nerelay ine diki yakazara gasi inoyerera, kuitira kuti mhepo inopinza yemagetsi actuator iite zvishoma, uye gedhi revhavha richavharwa uye kunonoka. Iyo yakareba nzvimbo yekuvhara yakapfekwa, haibatsiri kuhupenyu hwevhavha yegedhi. Uye, mukana wevhavha yemudziyo wekudzivirira ndeyekuti kuvhura nekuvhara nekukurumidza. Vanhu vazhinji vakataura kuti nzvimbo yekuvhura nekuvhara iri mumasekonzi eN, izvo zvinoisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa pakurongeka kunonzwisisika kwezvikamu zvakakodzera.
1.3 Kukanganisa kwakajairika kusiri kwehunyanzvi
Pamusoro peiyo iri pamusoro yakajairika kusarudzwa kwemuenzaniso kunokonzerwa nezvikanganiso zvisiri zvetekinoroji zvakajairika, mukushandiswa chaiko kwemavharuvhu akavharwa, nekuti nzvimbo yekuisa, maitiro, nezvimwewo, haina kuenderana neyakajairwa, inogona zvakare kuburitsa zvakajairika. zvikanganiso zvekushandisa, saka mukushandiswa kwemavhavha emagedhi, inofanira kutevera mirayiridzo, kubatanidza zvikamu kuti zvibatanidzwe zvakanaka, kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana chikanganiso.
2 Kukanganisa kwakajairika muhunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi
Kukanganisa kwakajairika kweasiri tekinoroji majors ataurwa pamusoro ese anokonzerwa nevanhu uye anobva kune subjective zvinhu. Kana iwe wakangwara kana uine ruzivo rwakapfuma rwekushanda, unogona chaizvo kubata navo. Chikonzero chekukanganisa kwakajairika hachina chekuita nechimiro chemukati chevhavha yegedhi. Uye zvehunyanzvi nyanzvi zvakajairika kutadza. Kuti uzviise pachena, izvi imhaka yekuti tekinoroji yehunyanzvi hwekuoma uye yakasimba gedhi valve haina kukura zvakakwana. Dzimwe nguva tinongoedza kuderedza kukanganisa kwayo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, asi zvakaoma kuzvigadzirisa zvachose. Nomuzvarirwo, kana yakaoma yakavharwa bhora valve ine hupenyu hwebasa remwedzi ye3 inogona kushandiswa kweanopfuura hafu yegore kuburikidza nekukanganisa kubata kana kudzivirira, kunyange kana zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvisingagoni kudziviswa zvachose, zvinogonawo kunzi kubudirira.
2.1 Kudonha kunokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso
Kuvhavha yegedhi, uye kunyange yevhavha yegedhi, nzvimbo yekuvhara ndiyo inonyanya kukosha iyo inobata basa rakabatana revhavha yegedhi rose. Kubva pamusimboti wekushanda wevhavha yegedhi, vharafu yegedhi iri kuvhura nekuvhara zvikamu, maitiro ayo ekushanda ndiwo maitiro ese ekuvhura bhora resimbi kana kudzima pachigaro chevhavha, kana nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso ichikuvadzwa mukuvhura kana kuvhara, kuiswa chisimbiso. pamusoro inogona kudonha, ichitungamira kune kuvuza kwevhavha, vharafu yegedhi haina basa.
2.1.1 Kushandisa zvakanaka zvitubu zvezvigaro
Musiyano mukuru kwazvo pakati pemavharuvhu akavharirwa bhora uye akapfava akavharwa gedhi mavharuvhu ndeokuti bhora resimbi uye chigaro zvese simbi inoumbwa zvinhu, izvo zvakasiyana neyakapfava yakavharwa simbi bhora isimbi zvinhu, uye chigaro hachisi-metallic zvinhu. Naizvozvo, iyo yekuisa chisimbiso ichave yakasiyana, yakapfava seal gedhi vharafu chisimbiso chirevo ndeichi: Simba rekuisa chisimbiso pakati pebhora nechigaro rinokonzeresa kuti isiri-metallic material valve chigaro chikotame, uye inoshandura kusaenzana kwemutsara kusangana pakati pechigaro chevharuvhu nebhora. mukubata. Panguva imwecheteyo, mushure mekunge chigaro chevharuvhu yakapfava yakasvibiswa uye yakaremara, inobatanidzwazve nepamusoro pebhora kutsiva gomba risina kuenzana repamusoro pebhora. Kana kukanganisa kwebhora uye chigaro chevhavha chiri chikuru kana chiduku, maitiro ekuisa chisimbiso haazokanganisi. Nheyo yekuisa chisimbiso yevhavha yakavharwa bhora nderekuti simba rekuisa chisimbiso pakati pebhora resimbi uye chigaro rakaoma kukotamisa chigaro chesimbi chevhavha, saka simba rekuisa chisimbiso rakawanda (ichienzaniswa neyakapfava yekuvharisa gedhi vharafu) inofanira kushandiswa kukotamisa nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso. yechigaro chevhavha, kuitira kuti uwane kuwirirana pakati pesimbi yesimbi uye chigaro chevhavha, kuitira kuti uwane chisimbiso, asi kupfugama kuduku, kana simba rechigaro chebhora rakashandurwa zvishoma, Inogona kusasimbisa. Musiyano pakati pemitemo miviri haina kunyanya kuoma kuwana mhedzisiro mbiri: yekutanga, yakaoma yakavharwa bhora vharafu simbi bhora uye chigaro extrusion pressure yakakura kwazvo; Vaviri, yakaoma seal bhora vharafu yechisimbiso chegadziriro yekugadzirisa yakaderera kune yakapfava seal gedhi vharafu.
Nokuti iyo extrusion pressure pakati peiyo yakaoma yakavharwa bhora bhora bhora uye chigaro chevhavha yakakura kwazvo, rolling friction inoitika pakati pesimbi simbi bhora uye chigaro chesimbi apo gedhi revhavha rinovhurwa uye rakavharwa. Zvinoenderana neinjiniya mechanics, kukweshana pakati pezvinhu zvesimbi zvine simba rakafanana kungangopwanya nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso (zvichikonzera makwara panzvimbo yekuvharisa). Mumavharuvhu akavharirwa bhora rakaoma, chitubu chetorsion (disc spring kana column spring) inowanzobatanidzwa mushure mechigaro kuenzanisa kushanda kwekushanda kugadzirisa. Kuti, kusvikira kutambanuko yakati, simba rokuisa chisimbiso mune rumwe rutivi, rasvika pachisimbiso.
2.1.2 Cushioning mhedzisiro yevharuvhu yechigaro chekumanikidza mhete
The cushioning effect yechirimo inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Iyo elastic simba uye kudzvanywa kwechirimo kune mutsara kana conic basa hukama, uye iyo amplitude renji ipfupi, saka inogona kugadziridzwa mudiki diki renji. Kana vharafu yegedhi ichidonha kana yakakura kudarika kana pasi pesimba rekushanda, inofanirwa kugadziriswa nehupamhi hwechigaro chekumanikidza mhete yakaiswa kuseri kwechigaro.
2.1.3 Kudonha kwenzvimbo yekuvharisa kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekushanda
Kutaura zvazviri, nokuda kwekushanda kwemavharuvhu akavharidzirwa akaoma, zvichiita kuti kuvhiringidzika kukuru hakusi dambudziko rehutano, kunyange rakagadzirirwa zvakakwana zvakakwana, mukushandiswa kwakananga, pachava nemamwe matambudziko, matambudziko akadaro anowanzoonekwa muindasitiri yemakemikari emarasha. photovoltaic cell field, maitiro anowirirana emamiriro ezvinhu aya ndeokuti chinhu chacho hachina kuumbwa nemhute imwe chete kana mvura, umo mune nhamba yakawanda yezvimedu zvakamiswa, Zvimedu zvakamiswa zvakadaro zvinotungamirira pakushambidza kwakasimba kwegedhi rekuyerera kwebhora resimbi. uye chigaro chevharuvhu, uye kunyange kuyambuka gedhi rekuyerera kupinda munzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukukuvara kunouraya kunzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso.
Mukutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, mamiriro ekuchengetedza evhavhavha yemagedhi anokwana 20% yehuwandu hwekugadzirisa. Chisimbiso cheBritish chekuvhara gedhi revhavha bhora uye chigaro chisimbiso chepamusoro zvinodiwa zvakakwirira, kana kukwenya kuchipfuura 0.1mm, mazhinji ekukuya haagone kushandiswa, kana mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro aitika, kazhinji chigaro chebhora chinokuvadzwa panguva imwe chete. Saka chengetedza zvinhu izvi zvakaderera sezvinobvira.
Mativi maviri echisimbiso chepamusoro pechigaro chevhavha akachekwa kubva pamatanho maviri, kureva, "double scraper" chimiro. Matanho ari kumativi ese akaita sendiro mbiri dzekukwenya. Mukuita kwekuvhura nekuvhara bhora resimbi, zvimedu zvakamiswa zvakabatanidzwa nesimbi yesimbi zvinogona kuveurwa zvinobudirira kuti zvisapinde mukati mekuvhara. Nomuzvarirwo, rudzi urwu rwechigaro chinowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro ezvimedu zvakamiswa, zvemvura, zvinhu zveutsi, scraper chimiro kudzikisa kusimba kwechigaro, uye kugadzirisa mutengo wekugadzira, pasina.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-16-2023
