Gukomeza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukomeye bifunze umupira wa valve amakosa yo gusuzuma no gukemura rusange amarembo ya valve globe valve,
irembo rya valve guhitamo no gutangiza intangiriro
Ikoreshwa rya kashe ya kashe ya kashe irakomeye cyane kuruta irembo ryoroshye rya kashe ya kashe, ubushyuhe bukabije bwo hejuru, kwangirika gukomeye hamwe na soot, ibintu bitobora, umucanga nibindi bintu mugukomeza gukoresha imipira ikomeye ya kashe yateje inzitizi nini cyane. Mugukoresha imipira ikomeye yumupira ifunze, akenshi biterwa nuburyo akazi gakorwa cyangwa ibintu byabantu biterwa numuryango wamarembo adasanzwe kandi bigomba gusanwa. Birakenewe kandi neza kumenya neza ibitera kunanirwa kwinjirira amarembo hanyuma ugashaka uburyo bwo gukumira kunanirwa kubakozi ba ruganda nabakoresha ibicuruzwa.
Ikoreshwa rya kashe ya kashe ya kashe irakomeye cyane kuruta irembo ryoroshye rya kashe ya kashe, ubushyuhe bukabije bwo hejuru, kwangirika gukomeye hamwe na soot, ibintu bitobora, umucanga nibindi bintu mugukomeza gukoresha imipira ikomeye ya kashe yateje inzitizi nini cyane. Mugukoresha imipira ikomeye yumupira ifunze, akenshi biterwa nuburyo akazi gakorwa cyangwa ibintu byabantu biterwa numuryango wamarembo adasanzwe kandi bigomba gusanwa. Birakenewe kandi neza kumenya neza ibitera kunanirwa kwinjirira amarembo hanyuma ugashaka uburyo bwo gukumira kunanirwa kubakozi ba ruganda nabakoresha ibicuruzwa.
Ikigamijwe ni ugusesengura umupira ukomeye wafunzwe hamwe nibibazo biboneka mugikorwa cyose cyo gukoresha abakoresha, kwagura ibicuruzwa bifunze imipira ya valve ibicuruzwa bigaragara kandi iboneza ry'ibikoresho bigomba kwitondera ibibazo, no gutanga icyerekezo cya gutera imbere.
Uhereye ku bicuruzwa byakoreshejwe kugirango ubishyire mu byiciro, imipira ikomeye ifunze umupira wa valve amakosa asanzwe arashobora kugabanywa mubice bibiri bikurikira: amakosa ya tekiniki yumwuga rusange hamwe namakosa asanzwe yumwuga.
1 Amakosa asanzwe mubyiciro bitari tekiniki
Ubu bwoko bwo kunanirwa busanzwe ntaho buhuriye nikoranabuhanga, ni ukuvuga, ntabwo arimiterere yimbere yimbere yumuryango cyangwa ibice byimbere byananiranye. Rero, ibintu byo kunanirwa mubisanzwe biterwa namahame yo hanze.
1.1 Guhitamo valve nabi
Abakiriya bamwe bahitamo icyitegererezo cyamarembo, kuberako badasobanukiwe neza nigikorwa cyibicuruzwa bikora, cyangwa urebye ikiguzi, icyuma cyatoranijwe cyatoranijwe ntigishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byubushyuhe bwo gukora, umuvuduko, kwangirika kwibintu, gukuramo, bikavamo amarembo yumuryango umaze gutanga , bidatinze.
Kubwibyo, muburyo bwo gutoranya, uruhande rwabakiriya cyangwa ikigo gishinzwe igenamigambi rugomba gushyira ihame ryimikoreshereze yimikoreshereze yibicuruzwa, bityo ikiguzi cyo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikabije byo mu rwego rwo hasi, bikaviramo kunanirwa bisanzwe biterwa no kugirirwa nabi, ariko amafaranga yubwenge kandi pound. Iyi ngingo muburyo bukomeye bwo gufunga umupira wa valve icyitegererezo, ni ngombwa cyane.
1.1.1
Imikorere ikomeye ifunze umupira wibanda kumupira wibyuma, hejuru yintebe ikomera igisubizo. Kugirango hamenyekane icyuma gifunga ibyuma, icyuma gikomeye cyumupira wintebe hagati yikimenyetso kiri hejuru cyane yumuvuduko wakazi wa valve rusange, ibyo bikaba byoroshye ko ibikoresho bigize ibyuma bifunga cyangwa bivangavanze, byombi bishobora gutera irembo rya valve kugirango ridakoreshwa neza. Kuri iki cyiciro cyo gukoresha, ingaruka ninziza nziza yumupira wintebe yuburyo bukomeye nuburyo bwo gusiga irangi ibikoresho bya karbide (mubisanzwe nikel base superalloy na chromium cobalt alloy), gufunga umupira wumupira wumupira wumupira hamwe na valve yintebe yintebe kurwego runini biterwa na umupira wintebe ufunga ibipimo byerekana imikorere nubuzima bwa serivisi, muburyo bwihariye bwakazi bukora, kugirango uhitemo ibintu bifatika bya karbide igikoresho.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bikomeye byo gukata ibyuma bigizwe ninzira ebyiri: imwe ni ugukurikirana imbaraga zayo, gukomera gukomeye aluminium alloy layer yambara kwambara, kurwanya abrasion birakomeye cyane, bikoreshwa cyane mubintu byiza, byahagaritswe bikabije (nkinganda zikora inganda zikora ingufu , umurima w'amafoto ya selile); Ikindi ni ugukurikirana kurwanya ruswa. Hamwe nibintu bihindagurika, aluminiyumu irwanya ruswa irashobora kugenzura neza isahani yimbere yimbere yintebe yumupira, bityo ikongerera ubuzima. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byakazi bihindagurika (nkinganda zikora peteroli ninganda zimpapuro). Guhitamo ibikoresho bifunze umupira wa valve, gutoranya intebe yumupira hejuru yubutaka bwa karbide igikoresho cyibikoresho fatizo ni ngombwa cyane, ntibigomba gutoranywa hamwe nakazi keza, ibipimo ngenderwaho byibikoresho bidahuye nigikoresho gikomeye.
1.1.2 Guhitamo ibikoresho mubice bimwe byingenzi by irembo rya valve ntabwo bihuye nubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwimiterere yakazi
Umuyoboro ukomeye wafunzwe, hari ibice byimbere muguhitamo ibikoresho ntabwo aribyinshi muburyo bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwibidukikije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bifatika bifitanye isano rya bugufi, nko kuzuza ibikoresho, impeta yo gufunga, icyuma cyicara, nibindi. Muri rusange hari impamvu ebyiri zo guhitamo imipira ikomeye ifunze. Imwe ni uko ubushyuhe bwakazi buri hejuru, kandi intebe yoroshye yo gufunga biragoye kwihanganira. Ikindi nuko urwego rwibikoresho hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukuramo birakomeye cyane, kandi intebe yoroheje yo gufunga ntabwo ikomeye bihagije. Kubwibyo, imipira ikomeye ifunze imipira ntabwo ihwanye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumupira. Mubikorwa bimwe bimwe, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwibicuruzwa ntabwo byanze bikunze biri hejuru cyane.
Iyo ubushyuhe bwibintu buri hasi cyane kuri 200 ℃, plastiki yubukorikori irashobora gukoreshwa mukuzuza ibikoresho, impeta yo gufunga (harimo impeta yo gufunga umubiri, impeta yo gufunga intebe yo hepfo, impeta yo hagati yo gufunga impeta, nibindi), intebe yintebe yintebe. , nibindi. Ubwoko bwibikoresho bisa nibikoresho byibice bijyanye na kashe yoroheje ya kashe.
Iyo ubushyuhe bwibintu burenze 200 ℃, ibikoresho byuzuye bigomba kuba bikozwe muri grafite yo hejuru cyane (grafite isukuye cyane ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kandi nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibidukikije ntibuhinduka), impeta yo gufunga muri rusange iba ikozwe mumashanyarazi. impeta nziza cyane ya grafite impeta ** (ifunze hamwe na grafite isukuye cyane, ikozwe nicyuma), kandi intebe yintebe nayo igomba guhinduka mubikoresho bigize ibyuma.
Kubwibyo, muburyo bukomeye bwo gufunga umupira wa valve icyitegererezo cyo guhitamo, imiterere yimiterere yubushyuhe bwibidukikije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwibidukikije ni kimwe mubintu bikenewe bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane icyitegererezo cyerekana Inguni. Guhitamo nabi ibice byingenzi bizaganisha ku gukoresha ibiciro byibuze, ndetse bigatera na valve itemewe kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa.
1.2 Amakosa asanzwe muguhitamo icyitegererezo cyibikoresho
Ibice bigize ibikoresho bya valve birimo uburyo bwo gutwara, ibikoresho byunganira hamwe nibikoresho byuburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga hamwe n'ikadiri yo gushyigikira hamwe na shitingi ihuza uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga. Ukurikije ingufu zayo, uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bifunze bifunze birashobora kugabanywamo: imari yimari ya rocker, ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bitagira ibyuma, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, kugabanya imashini (kugabanya intoki cyangwa gukora byikora), ibyuma byikora byuzuye (harimo amashanyarazi) , amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ya hydraulic, nibindi).
Kubijyanye na finanse yimari, ibyuma bidafite icyuma, ibyuma byububiko hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutwara hamwe nigenzura ryintoki, ukurikije agaciro ka torque nyayo ikora kugirango ibare itara, hanyuma uhitemo uburebure bwayo cyangwa ibisobanuro byayo, imbaraga za torsional na compressive za mbisi karemano ibikoresho bigomba gusuzumwa.
Icyitegererezo cyo guhitamo icyuma cyikora cyuzuye kiragoye. Fata amashanyarazi nkurugero, icyuma cyamashanyarazi kigabanijwe muburyo bumwe nubwoko bubiri. Inshuro ebyiri amashanyarazi akora amashanyarazi ni imbaraga zingaruka, torque irahoraho. Imashanyarazi imwe rukumbi igomba gukuraho ingaruka za elastike yimvura iyo ifunguye, ikazimya nimbaraga zimpanuka iyo ihagaritswe. Muri icyo gihe, ibisohoka byayo ni icyiciro cya torque agaciro, byongera ingorane zo guhitamo icyitegererezo. Mubisanzwe, amashanyarazi agomba gukusanywa hashingiwe ku gaciro ka torque mu kazi ka valve, kugwizwa n’imikorere yumutekano. Irinde ikibazo cyingufu zidahagije bitewe nisohoka ryumuriro wa actuator hamwe nibyiciro bitandukanye.
Mubisanzwe, iyo uvuye muruganda, imyitozo yumurimo wa torque ntishobora kuboneka neza mbere yimikorere yihariye. Igipimo rusange ni ukugereranya agaciro kakazi kabo gashingiye kumitwaro yuzuye yumuriro wagwijwe nigipimo cyibintu. Kumupira wumupira ufunze, indangagaciro yibikoresho igomba guhitamo ukurikije itandukaniro ryimiterere yakazi. Niba ari ibintu bito, soot, ibikoresho byumucanga, indangagaciro igomba kuba nini ishoboka, mubisanzwe murwego rwo guhitamo 1.5 ~ 2.
Usibye guhitamo icyitegererezo cyibikorwa ubwabyo, guhitamo icyitegererezo cyibice byacyo byongeweho bigomba no guhuzwa nibihe nyabyo, nka relay, igitutu kigenga imiyoboro, amashanyarazi ya valve, nibindi, urugero, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi hamwe na umuvuduko mwinshi wo mu kirere washyizweho hamwe na relay hamwe nigipimo gito cya gazi yuzuye, kugirango umwuka wumuyaga wumuyagankuba uzagenda gahoro gahoro, kandi valve y irembo izafungwa kandi itinde. Igihe kirekire hejuru yikimenyetso cyambarwa, ntabwo bifasha ubuzima bwurugi. Kandi, ibyiza bya valve yibikoresho byo kurinda ni uko gufungura no gufunga byihuse. Abantu benshi bavuze ko gufungura no gufunga biri mu masegonda N, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa hejuru kugirango imiterere iboneye iboneye.
1.3 Amakosa asanzwe atari tekiniki
Usibye guhitamo icyitegererezo cyavuzwe haruguru cyatewe namakosa adasanzwe ya tekiniki adasanzwe, mugukoresha byumwihariko imipira yumupira ifunze, kubera ko umwanya wo kwishyiriraho, inzira, nibindi, bidahuye nibisanzwe, birashobora no gutanga umusaruro rusange Porogaramu amakosa, bityo mugukoresha amarembo ya valve, agomba gukurikiza amabwiriza, guhuza ibice kugirango bihuze neza, kugirango harebwe ko ntakosa.
2 Amakosa asanzwe mubuhanga bwa tekiniki
Amakosa asanzwe yibyiciro bya tekiniki twavuze haruguru byose biterwa nibintu byabantu kandi biva mubintu bifatika. Niba ufite ubushishozi cyangwa ufite uburambe mu kazi, urashobora rwose guhangana nabo. Impamvu yamakosa asanzwe ntaho ihuriye nimiterere yimbere yumuryango wa valve. Kandi tekinike yumwuga isanzwe yananiwe. Kubivuga mu buryo bweruye, ibi ni ukubera ko tekinoroji yumwuga ya valve ikomeye kandi ifunze amarembo idakuze bihagije. Rimwe na rimwe, turagerageza kugabanya ingaruka zayo zose zishoboka, ariko biragoye kubikemura burundu. Mubisanzwe, niba umupira ukomeye wafunzwe ufite ubuzima bwumurimo wamezi 3 urashobora gukoreshwa mugihe kirenze igice cyumwaka ukoresheje gukemura cyangwa gukumira, nubwo amakosa asanzwe adashobora kwirindwa burundu, birashobora kandi kwitwa intsinzi.
2.1 Kumeneka biterwa no kwangirika kwubuso
Kubirindiro by irembo, ndetse no kumarembo yumuryango, hejuru yikidodo nigice cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumirimo ijyanye na valve yose. Uhereye ku ihame ryakazi rya valve, amarembo arakingura no gufunga ibice, inzira yacyo ni inzira yose yo gufungura umupira wibyuma cyangwa guhagarika ku ntebe ya valve, niba hejuru yikimenyetso cyangiritse mugikorwa cyo gufungura cyangwa gufunga, gufunga ubuso bushobora gutemba, biganisha kumeneka ya valve, irembo ryirembo ntiremewe.
2.1.1 Gukoresha neza amasoko yintebe
Itandukaniro rinini cyane hagati yumupira wumupira ufunze hamwe na valve yoroheje yugarijwe ni uko umupira wicyuma hamwe nintebe byose ari ibikoresho bigize ibyuma, bitandukanye numupira wicyuma gifunze neza nicyuma, kandi intebe ntabwo ari ibyuma. Kubwibyo, ihame rya kashe rizaba ritandukanye, ihame ryoroshye ryo gufunga irembo rya valve ihame ni: Imbaraga zifunga hagati yumupira nintebe zitera intebe yibikoresho bitari ibyuma byunama, kandi bigahindura umurongo utaringaniye hagati yintebe yumupira numupira. kubonana. Muri icyo gihe, nyuma yicyicaro cyoroshye cyo gufunga icyuma kigoretse kandi kigahinduka, cyongeye guhuzwa nubuso bwumupira kugirango bishyure ibinogo bitaringaniye hejuru yumupira. Niba kugoreka umupira nintebe ya valve ari binini cyangwa bito, ibimenyetso biranga kashe ntibizagira ingaruka. Ihame ryo gufunga imipira ikomeye ifunze neza ni uko imbaraga zifunga hagati yumupira wicyuma nintebe bigoye kugoreka icyuma cyibikoresho byicyuma, bityo hagomba gukoreshwa imbaraga nyinshi zo gufunga (ugereranije n’ikariso yoroheje yo gufunga). y'intebe ya valve, kugirango ugere ku isano hagati yumupira wicyuma nintebe ya valve, kugirango ugere kashe, ariko kugonda ni bito, niba imbaraga zicyicaro cyumupira zahinduweho gato, Ntishobora gufunga. Itandukaniro riri hagati yaya mahame yombi ntirigoye cyane kubona ibisubizo bibiri: icya mbere, umupira ufunze umupira wa valve umupira wumupira hamwe nigitutu cyo gukuramo intebe nini cyane; Babiri, Ikidodo gikomeye cyumupira wa kashe ya kashe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura iraruta icyuma cyoroshye cya kashe.
Kuberako umuvuduko wo gukuramo hagati yumupira wumupira wafunzwe hamwe nintebe ya valve nini cyane, guterana kuzunguruka bibaho hagati yumupira wicyuma nicyicaro cyicyuma iyo irembo ryakinguwe rifunze. Nk’uko ubukanishi bw’ubuhanga bubivuga, guterana amagambo hagati yibyuma bifite imbaraga zisa nabyo bishobora gukomeretsa hejuru yikimenyetso (bitera gushushanya hejuru yikimenyetso). Mumupira wumupira ufunze, isoko ya torsion (isoko ya disiki cyangwa inkingi yisoko) ihujwe nyuma yintebe kugirango igereranye umuvuduko wakazi kugirango uhindure. Ibyo, kurwego runaka, imbaraga zo gufunga kashe murwego runaka, zageze kashe.
2.1.2
Ingaruka yo kwisiga yimvura yasobanuwe haruguru. Imbaraga za elastique hamwe no kwikuramo impeshyi ni umurongo cyangwa ibikorwa byimikorere bifitanye isano, kandi amplitude intera ni ngufi, kuburyo ishobora guhinduka murwego ruto cyane. Iyo irembo ry'irembo risohotse cyangwa rinini kuruta cyangwa munsi yigitutu cyerekana imikorere, rigomba guhindurwa nubunini bwimpeta yumuvuduko wintebe yashyizwe inyuma yintebe.
2.1.3 Kumeneka hejuru yubuso buterwa nakazi
Mubyukuri, kugirango imikorere yimipira ikomeye ifunze, biganisha ku rujijo rwinshi ntabwo ari ikibazo cya tekiniki, ndetse cyashizweho neza bihagije, mugukoresha byumwihariko, hazakomeza kubaho ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, ibibazo nkibi bikunze kugaragara mubikorwa byinganda zamakara, umurima wa Photovoltaic selile, ibintu biranga iyi miterere nuko ibintu bitaba bigizwe numwuka umwe cyangwa amazi, aho usanga harimo umubare munini wibice byahagaritswe, Bene ibyo bice byahagaritswe biganisha ku gukaraba cyane irembo ryumupira wumupira wibyuma n'intebe ya valve, ndetse no kwambuka irembo ritemba hejuru yikidodo, gishobora gukurura ibyangiritse byica hejuru yikimenyetso.
Imbere yibi bihe, uburyo bwo kubungabunga amarembo ya valve bingana na 20% yububiko. Ubwongereza bwo gufunga amarembo ya valve umupira hamwe nicyicaro cyo gufunga ibyangombwa bisabwa hejuru cyane, iyo igishushanyo kirenze 0.1mm, ibyinshi byo gusya ntibishobora gukoreshwa, iyo ibintu nkibi bibaye, akenshi intebe yumupira yangiritse icyarimwe. Komeza ibyo bintu hasi cyane bishoboka.
Impande zombi zubuso bwa kashe yintebe ya valve zaciwe muntambwe 2, ni ukuvuga imiterere ya "double scraper". Intambwe kumpande zombi ni nkibisahani bibiri. Mugihe cyo gufungura no gufunga umupira wibyuma, ibice byahagaritswe bifatanye numupira wicyuma birashobora kogosha neza kugirango birinde kwinjira mukidodo. Mubisanzwe, ubu bwoko bwintebe bukoreshwa muburyo bwimiterere ihagaritswe, kumazi, ibikoresho byamazi, imiterere ya scraper kugirango bigabanye imbaraga zo kwikuramo intebe, no kuzamura igiciro cyumusaruro, nta.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-16-2023
