Ubushushu obuqhubekayo obuphezulu obutywiniweyo bevalve yebhola evaliweyo kunye nesisombululo sevalve yeglobhu yesango jikelele,
ukhetho lwevalve yesango kunye nokuqaliswa kwesicelo
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwevalve yevalve yebhola eqinile ingqongqo kunevalve yesango yokutywina ethambileyo, ubushushu obuqhubekayo obuphezulu, umhlwa owomeleleyo kunye nomle, ulutho oluthile, isanti kunye nezinye izinto ekusebenziseni ngokuqhubekayo kwevalve yebhola eqinileyo kubangele umqobo omkhulu kakhulu. Ekusetyenzisweni kwee-valve zebhola ezivaliweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeemeko zokusebenza okanye izinto zomntu ezibangelwa iivalve zesango ezingaqhelekanga kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe. Kuyimfuneko kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ukuqonda izizathu zokusilela kwevalvu yesango eqhelekileyo kwaye emva koko ufumane iindlela zokuthintela ukusilela kubasebenzi boshishino lwevalvu kunye nabasebenzisi bemveliso.
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwevalve yevalve yebhola eqinile ingqongqo kunevalve yesango yokutywina ethambileyo, ubushushu obuqhubekayo obuphezulu, umhlwa owomeleleyo kunye nomle, ulutho oluthile, isanti kunye nezinye izinto ekusebenziseni ngokuqhubekayo kwevalve yebhola eqinileyo kubangele umqobo omkhulu kakhulu. Ekusetyenzisweni kwee-valve zebhola ezivaliweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeemeko zokusebenza okanye izinto zomntu ezibangelwa iivalve zesango ezingaqhelekanga kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe. Kuyimfuneko kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ukuqonda izizathu zokusilela kwevalvu yesango eqhelekileyo kwaye emva koko ufumane iindlela zokuthintela ukusilela kubasebenzi boshishino lwevalvu kunye nabasebenzisi bemveliso.
Injongo kukuhlalutya ivalve yebhola etywiniweyo kunye neengxaki ezifumaneka kuyo yonke inkqubo yokusetyenziswa komsebenzisi, ukwandisa imbonakalo yoyilo lwemveliso yevalve yebhola etywiniweyo kunye noqwalaselo lwezixhobo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo iingxaki, kwaye unike isikhokelo ukuphuculwa.
Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ukuhlelwa, ivalve yebhola etywiniweyo eqinileyo iziphene eziqhelekileyo zinokwahlulwa ngokohlulwa zibe zezi ndidi zimbini zilandelayo: iimpazamo ezingezozabugcisa eziqhelekileyo kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo zobuchwephesha.
1 Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwii-majors ezingezona zobugcisa
Olu hlobo lokusilela okuqhelekileyo alunamsebenzi kwitekhnoloji, oko kukuthi, ayisiyosakhiwo sangaphakathi sevalve yesango okanye ukusilela kokusebenza kwamalungu esakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ngaloo ndlela, iziganeko zokungaphumeleli zidla ngokubangelwa yimigangatho yangaphandle.
1.1 Ukukhetha okungalunganga kwevalve
Abanye abathengi bakhetha iimodeli zevalve yesango, ngenxa yokungaqondi ngokwaneleyo kwemeko yokusebenza kwemveliso, okanye kuqwalaselo lweendleko, ivalve yesango ekhethiweyo ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zobushushu bokusebenza, uxinzelelo, ukubola kwezinto, ukuqhawuka, okukhokelela kwivalve yesango kanye xa ukuhanjiswa. , kungekudala engaqhelekanga.
Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo yokhetho, icala labathengi okanye iziko lokucwangcisa kufuneka libeke uzinzo lokusetyenziswa kwemveliso endaweni, ngoko ke iindleko zokukhetha iimpahla eziphantsi kakhulu, okukhokelela ekungaphumelelini okuqhelekileyo okubangelwa yingozi, kodwa penny elumkileyo kwaye bubudenge. Eli nqaku kwiimeko ezingqongqo zokukhetha imodeli yevalve yebhola etywiniweyo, ibaluleke kakhulu.
1.1.1 Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingafanelekanga kwindawo epeyintiweyo yesixhobo se-carbide kwindawo yokutywina yesitulo sebhola
Ivalve yebhola etywiniweyo engqongqo igxile kwibhola yentsimbi, isisombululo sokuqina kwesihlalo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi ukuya ukutywinwa kwentsimbi, isihlalo esiphakathi setywina esiqinileyo siphezulu kakhulu kunoxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwevalve yesango ngokubanzi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba izinto ezihlanganisiweyo zentsimbi zivalelwe okanye zidibanise, zombini ezinokubangela ivelufa yesango ukuba ingasetyenziswa kakuhle. Kweli nqanaba lokusetyenziswa, isiphumo sikwayindlela elungileyo yokuqina kwesihlalo sebhola yitekhnoloji yesixhobo se-carbide (idla ngokuba yi-nickel base superalloy kunye ne-chromium cobalt alloy), i-valve yokutywina eqinileyo kunye ne-valve yesitulo sepeyinti. Isihlalo sebhola sokutywina izalathisi zokusebenza komphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo, ngoko kwiimeko ezithile ezintsonkothileyo zokusebenza, ukukhetha imeko eyiyo yomaleko wesixhobo se-carbide.
Ukukhethwa kwesixhobo sokusika i-alloy enzima malunga neendlela ezimbini: enye kukusukela amandla ayo, ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-aluminium alloy alloy layer ukuxhathisa, ukuxhathisa i-abrasion kunamandla kakhulu, kusetyenziselwa iimeko eziphathekayo ezifanelekileyo, ezinzima (ezifana neshishini lemichiza yamandla. , i-photovoltaic cell field); Enye kukusukela ukuxhathisa kwayo kukutya. Ngezinto ezithile eziguquguqukayo, umaleko we-aluminiyam enganyangekiyo unokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ipleyiti yangaphakathi yesihlalo sebhola, ngaloo ndlela bandise ubomi. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimeko yokusebenza kwezinto eziguquguqukayo (ezifana neshishini lepetrochemical kunye neshishini lephepha). Ukukhethwa kwezinto zevalve yebhola evaliweyo, isihlalo sebhola sokutywinwa kwendawo yepeyinti ye-carbide isixhobo soluhlu lwezinto eziluhlaza kubaluleke kakhulu, akufuneki kukhethwe kunye neemeko zokusebenza, imigangatho yezinto zokusetyenziswa ezingahambelani nesixhobo se-alloy enzima.
1.1.2 Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwezinye iindawo eziphambili zevalve yesango akuhambelani nobushushu bemeko yokusebenza.
I-valve yebhola etywiniweyo enzima, kukho ezinye iindawo zangaphakathi zokukhethwa kwezinto azikho kakhulu iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi okanye ubushushu bendawo ebonakalayo bunxulumene ngokusondeleyo, njengokuzalisa izinto, ukutywina umsesane, umkhono wocingo lwesihlalo, njl. Kukho izizathu ezibini jikelele zokukhetha iivalvu zebhola ezitywiniweyo. Enye kukuba ubushushu bokusebenza buphezulu, kwaye isihlalo esithambileyo sokutywina kunzima ukusithwala. Enye yeyokuba inqanaba le-etch yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nekhono lokukrazula linamandla kakhulu, kwaye isihlalo sokutywina esithambileyo asikho nzima ngokwaneleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, iivalve zebhola ezitywiniweyo azilingani nezivalo zebhola eziphezulu. Kwezinye iimeko zokusebenza, ubushushu be-ambient yemveliso abukho bukhulu kakhulu.
Xa ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo buphantsi kakhulu nge-200 ℃, iiplastiki zokwenziwa zingasetyenziselwa ukuzalisa izinto, umsesane wokutywina (kubandakanya umsesane wokutywina womzimba, umsesane wokutywina wesihlalo esisezantsi, umsesane wokutywina ophakathi, njl. njl.), umkhono wesihlalo , njl. Olu hlobo lwezixhobo lufana nezixhobo zamacandelo afanelekileyo kwivalve yesango elithambileyo.
Xa ubushushu bezinto ezibonakalayo budlula i-200 ℃, izinto zokuzalisa kufuneka zenziwe ngegraphite ecocekileyo (igraphite ecocekileyo inokumelana nobushushu obuqinileyo, kunye neempawu zobushushu obuphezulu azitshintshi), umsesane wokutywina wenziwe ngocingo lwentsimbi olusongiweyo. indandatho yegraphite ecocekileyo ephezulu ** (itywinwe ngegraphite yococeko oluphezulu, olubunjwe ngocingo lwentsimbi), kunye nelinen yokuhlala kufuneka iguqulwe ibe yimpahla edibeneyo yesinyithi.
Ke ngoko, kwikhonkco lokukhetha imodeli yevalve yebhola etywiniweyo, imeko yokusebenza kwindawo yobushushu okanye iqondo lobushushu lendalo yenye yezinto eziyimfuneko ekufuneka zisetyenziswe ukumisela i-Angle yokukhetha imodeli. Ukukhetha okungalunganga kwamalungu aphambili kuya kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kweendleko ubuncinci, kwaye kubangele ivalve yesango engasebenziyo kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa.
1.2 Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ekukhethweni kwemodeli yezixhobo zokuncedisa
Izixhobo ze-accessory ze-valve ziquka indlela yokuqhuba, izixhobo ezixhasayo kunye nezixhobo zendlela yokuqhuba kunye nesakhelo esixhasayo kunye ne-shaft yokudibanisa yendlela yokudibanisa yokuqhuba. Ngokomthombo wayo wamandla, indlela yokuqhuba yevalve yebhola etywiniweyo inokwahlulwa ibe: i-lever rocker yezemali, i-rocker yentsimbi engenamthungo, i-turbocharged actuator, i-spindle clutch reducer (ulawulo lwezandla okanye ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo), i-actuator ezenzekelayo (kubandakanya i-actuator yombane. , i-actuator yombane, i-electro-hydraulic actuator, njl.).
Kwi-rocker yemali ye-lever, i-rocker yentsimbi engenamthungo, indlela yegiya kunye nezinye iindlela zokuqhuba ezinolawulo lwezandla, ngokwexabiso lokwenyani lokusebenza kwe-torque ukubala i-torque, kwaye emva koko bakhethe ubude babo okanye iinkcukacha, amandla e-torsional kunye noxinzelelo lwendalo eluhlaza. izixhobo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Ukukhetha imodeli ye-actuator ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo kunzima. Thatha i-actuator yombane njengomzekelo, i-actuator yombane yahlulwe ibe yimpembelelo enye kunye nohlobo lwesiphumo esiphindwe kabini. Isiphumo esiphindwe kabini sombane we-activator yombane sisiphumo samandla entwasahlobo, i-torque iyahambelana. I-activator yombane enesiphumo esinye kufuneka isuse i-spring elastic effect xa ivulwa, kwaye icinywe ngamandla asentwasahlobo xa irhoxisiwe. Kwimeko apho, i-torque yayo yokukhupha ixabiso le-torque yodidi, ephakamisa ubunzima bokukhetha imodeli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-actuator yombane kufuneka ihlanganiswe phantsi kwexabiso le-torque kumsebenzi we-valve, iphindaphindwe ngokusebenza kokhuseleko. Gwema imeko yokungonelanga kwamandla okusebenza ngenxa yetorque ephumayo ye-actuator enokwahluka kodidi.
Ngokubanzi, xa ushiya umzi-mveliso, ixabiso letorque yokusebenza kwalo alinakubonwa ngokufanelekileyo phambi kwemeko ethile yokusebenza. Umgangatho oqhelekileyo kukuqikelela ixabiso letorque esebenzayo ngokusekwe kwixabiso elipheleleyo letorque ephindaphindwayo ngesalathiso sezinto. Kwi-valve yebhola evaliweyo, isalathisi sezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka sikhethwe ngokuhambelana neemeko zokusebenza. Ukuba i-particulate matter, i-soot, imathiriyeli yesanti, isalathisi kufuneka sibe sikhulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwe-1.5 ~ 2 ukhetho.
Ukongeza kukhetho lwemodeli ye-actuator ngokwayo, ukhetho lwemodeli yamalungu ayo ongezelelweyo kufuneka zidityaniswe nemeko yokwenyani, efana neereyilayi, iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo, izitshixo zamandla ezikwindawo yevalvu, njl. njl. Umzekelo, i actuator yombane ene isantya esikhulu sokuhamba komoya silungiselelwe ngereyilayi kunye nesantya esincinci sokuhamba kwerhasi, ukwenzela ukuba i-air inlet ye-actuator yombane iya kucotha noko, kwaye ivalve yesango iya kuvalwa kwaye ihliswe. Ixesha elide indawo yokutywina igugile, ayihambisani nobomi bevalve yesango. Kwaye, inzuzo yevalve yesixhobo sokukhusela kukuba ukuvula nokuvala isantya sikhawuleza. Abantu abaninzi baye bachaza ukuba indawo yokuvula kunye nokuvala ikwimizuzwana engu-N, nto leyo ebeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zoyilo olufanelekileyo lwamacandelo afanelekileyo.
1.3 Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezingezizo ezobuchule
Ukongeza kolu khetho lungasentla oluqhelekileyo lwemodeli olubangelwa ziziphoso ezingachanekanga ezingezizo ezobuchwephesha, kusetyenziso oluthile lweevalvu zebhola ezitywiniweyo, kuba indawo yofakelo, inkqubo, njl. njl., ayihambelani nomgangatho, inokuvelisa ngokufanayo. iziphene zesicelo, ngoko ke ekusebenziseni i-valve yesango, kufuneka ilandele imiyalelo, ukudibanisa iinxalenye ukuba zidibanise kakuhle, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mpazamo.
2 Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kwiingcali zobugcisa
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zee-non-technical majors ezikhankanywe ngasentla zonke zibangelwa yimiba yabantu kwaye zivela kwizinto ezizimeleyo. Ukuba unobulumko okanye unamava okusebenza atyebileyo, unokujongana nazo. Isizathu seempazamo eziqhelekileyo asinanto yokwenza nesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-valve yesango. Kunye nokusilela yobuchwephesha eqhelekileyo. Ukuyibeka ngokuthe ngqo, oku kungenxa yokuba itekhnoloji yobuchwephesha yevalve yesango eqinileyo kunye neqinile ayivuthwanga ngokwaneleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha sizama kuphela ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa kunzima ukuyicombulula ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwemvelo, ukuba i-valve yebhola evaliweyo enzima kunye nobomi benkonzo yeenyanga ze-3 ingasetyenziselwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sonyaka ngokuphathwa kwephutha okanye ukuthintela, nokuba iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo azikwazi ukuphetshwa ngokupheleleyo, zingabizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo.
2.1 Ukuvuza okubangelwa kukonakala komphezulu wokutywina
Kwivalve yesango, kunye nakwivalve yesango, indawo yokutywina yeyona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela umsebenzi onxulumeneyo wevalve yesango lonke. Ukususela kumgaqo wokusebenza we-valve yesango, i-valve yesango ivula kunye nokuvala iindawo, inkqubo yokusebenza kwayo yinkqubo yonke yokuvula ibhola yentsimbi okanye ukucinywa kwisihlalo sevalve, ukuba indawo yokutywina yonakaliswe kwinkqubo yokuvula okanye ukuvala, ukutywinwa. Umphezulu unokuvuza, okukhokelela ekuvuzeni kwevalve, ivalve yesango ayisebenzi.
2.1.1 Ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kwezixhobo zokuhlala
Umahluko omkhulu kakhulu phakathi kweevalve zebhola ezitywiniweyo kunye neevalve zesango ezitywiniweyo kukuba ibhola yentsimbi kunye nesihlalo zizinto zonke zentsimbi ezidibeneyo, ezihluke kwibhola yentsimbi ethambileyo etywiniweyo yintsimbi, kwaye isihlalo asiyiyo i-metallic material. Ke ngoko, umgaqo wokutywina uya kwahluka, umgaqo wokutywina wevalve yesango elithambileyo uthi: Amandla okutywina phakathi kwebhola kunye nesihlalo sibangela ukuba isihlalo sevalvu engeyiyo eyentsimbi sigobe, kwaye siguqula unxibelelwano lomgca ongalinganiyo phakathi kwesihlalo sevalve kunye nebhola. ukudibana. Kwangaxeshanye, emva kokuba isitulo sevalve yokutywina esithambileyo sigqwethiwe kwaye sonakele, sidityaniswa ngakumbi nomphezulu webhola ukuhlawula umngxuma ongalinganiyo womphezulu webhola. Ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwebhola kunye nesihlalo se-valve sikhulu okanye sincinci, iimpawu zokutywinwa aziyi kuchaphazeleka. Umgaqo wokutywina wevalve yebhola etywiniweyo kukuba amandla okutywina phakathi kwebhola yentsimbi kunye nesihlalo kunzima ukugoba isihlalo sevalve yezinto zentsimbi, ngoko ke amandla okutywina angaphezulu (xa kuthelekiswa nevalve yokutywina ethambileyo) kufuneka isetyenziswe ukugoba indawo yokutywina. yesihlalo sevalve, ukuze kuphunyezwe unxibelelwano phakathi kwebhola yentsimbi kunye nesihlalo sevalve, ukuze kuphunyezwe itywina, kodwa ukugoba kuncinci, ukuba amandla esihlalo sebhola atshintshiwe kancinci, Isenokungatywinwa. Umahluko phakathi kwemigaqo emibini ayinzima kakhulu ukufumana iziphumo ezimbini: okokuqala, i-valve yentsimbi yentsimbi etywiniweyo kunye noxinzelelo lwesihlalo se-extrusion inkulu kakhulu; Ezimbini, ivalve yebhola eqinileyo yokutywina yenkqubo yohlengahlengiso ingaphantsi kwevalve yesango lokutywina elithambileyo.
Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwe-extrusion phakathi kwebhola yevalve yebhola evaliweyo kunye nesihlalo sevalve sikhulu kakhulu, ukungqubuzana kwe-rolling kwenzeka phakathi kwebhola yensimbi yentsimbi kunye nesihlalo sentsimbi xa ivalve yesango ivuliwe kwaye ivaliwe. Ngokobuchwephesha bobunjineli, ukukhuhlana phakathi kwemathiriyeli yentsimbi enamandla afanayo kunokwenzeka ukuba kutyumze umphezulu wokutywina (okubangela imikrwelo kumphezulu wokutywina). Kwiivalve zebhola ezitywinwe nzima, i-torsion spring (i-disc spring okanye i-column spring) idibene ngokubanzi emva kwesihlalo ukuthelekisa uxinzelelo lokusebenza ukulungisa. Oko, ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, amandla okutywina akuluhlu oluthile, aye afikelela etywina.
2.1.2 Isiphumo sokunciphisa i-valve seat pressure ring
Umphumo wokunciphisa intwasahlobo uchazwe ngasentla. Amandla e-elastic kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwentwasahlobo kuhambelana nobudlelwane bomsebenzi okanye i-conic, kwaye uluhlu lwe-amplitude lufutshane, ngoko lunokulungiswa kuluhlu oluncinci kakhulu. Xa i-valve yesango ivuza okanye inkulu kunokuba okanye ingaphantsi kwenkcazo yoxinzelelo lokusebenza, kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ngobunzima bendandatho yoxinzelelo lwesihlalo efakwe emva kwesihlalo.
2.1.3 Ukuvuza komphezulu wokutywina okubangelwa yimeko yokusebenza
Enyanisweni, ukusebenza kweevalvu zebhola ezitywiniweyo, okukhokelela ekubhidekeni okukhulu akuyongxaki yobugcisa, nokuba kulungiswe ngokwaneleyo ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ekusebenziseni okuthe ngqo, kusekho iingxaki, iingxaki ezinjalo zivela ngokubanzi kwishishini lemichiza yamalahle. intsimi yeseli ye-photovoltaic, iimpawu ezihambelanayo zale meko kukuba i-substance ayiqulunqwanga ngumphunga omnye okanye ulwelo, apho kukho inani elikhulu lamasuntswana amisiweyo, amasuntswana amisiweyo akhokelela ekuhlanjweni okunamandla kwesango lokuhamba kwebhola yentsimbi. kunye nesihlalo sevalve, kwaye unqumle isango lokuhamba ukuya kwindawo yokutywina, enokukhokelela kumonakalo obulalayo kumphezulu wokutywina.
Xa sijongene nale meko, imeko yokugcinwa kwevalve yesango ithatha i-20% yomthamo wolondolozo. Ibhola yevalve yesango lokutywina laseBritani kunye neemfuno zomphezulu wokutywina isihlalo ziphezulu kakhulu, xa umkrwelo udlula i-0.1mm, uninzi lokusila alunakusetyenziswa, xa imeko enjalo isenzeka, kaninzi isitulo sebhola sonakaliswa ngaxeshanye. Ngoko gcina ezi zinto zisezantsi kangangoko.
Amacala amabini omgangatho wokutywina wesihlalo sevalve anqunywe ngamanyathelo ama-2, oko kukuthi, "i-double scraper" isakhiwo. Izinyuko kumacala omabini zifana neepleyiti zokukrwela ezimbini. Kwinkqubo yokuvula nokuvala ibhola yensimbi, iinqununu ezimisiweyo ezifakwe kwibhola yensimbi zinokuchetywa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zithintele ukuba zingangeni kwindawo yokutywina. Ngokwemvelo, olu hlobo lwesitulo lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimeko yeengqungquthela ezimisiweyo, kumanzi, izinto ze-steam, isakhiwo se-scraper ukunciphisa amandla oxinzelelo lwesihlalo, kunye nokuphucula iindleko zokuvelisa, ngaphandle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-16-2023
