[Gui Cavalcanti] (igama onokuthi uliqaphele kwi-MegaBots) uthethe nogqirha oqeqeshiweyo eSan Francisco kwaye wathetha ngeziphefumli. Umbuzo ngulo, ngaba singayila kwaye sibeke inguqulelo yomthombo ovulekileyo ngexesha ukunceda abantu?
Iingxelo eziphazamisayo ezivela e-Italiya zibonisa ukuba xa intsholongwane yosulela abantu abasesichengeni, isixhobo esibalulekileyo sisixhobo sokungenisa umoya. Ngelishwa, banqongophele.
Xa kuziwa kuluphi uhlobo lokuphefumula olufunekayo, ingxaki iba yinkohliso, kwaye i-CPAP, i-BIPAP okanye i-Hi-Flo i-oxygen NIV iphelile. Ezi nkqubo zenza intsholongwane iatomize kwaye iphantse iqinisekise ukuba nabani na okufutshane uya kosulelwa.
Into esiyidingayo yi-NIV esekelwe kwi-cannula yempumlo. Le nkqubo iwufumisa umoya, iwuxube neoksijini, ize iwutyhale ngokuqhubekayo kwimiphunga yomntu. Ukuba sinokuyila inkqubo elula nesebenzayo, ngoko ke sinokuthumela ezi zicwangciso kwiifektri zehlabathi jikelele kwaye sizigqibe. Ukuba umzi-mveliso uyasidanisa, vumela abantu benze inguqulelo ekhaya.
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba unokusebenzisa i-ventilator, ungazama eminye imibuzo. Ngaba unokuphuhlisa i-algorithm yokugqiba ukuba umntu ufuna i-ventilator. Ngaba sinokuphinda sisebenzise iimaski ze-n95? Ngaba singenza iimaski ze-n95 ekhaya? Abasebenzi bakwadinga intente yoxinzelelo olubi ukuze kuhlaliswe izigulane. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi ukuba sifuna ukwakha izibonelelo zonyango kwindawo yokuzivocavoca okanye kwiofisi. Okokugqibela, ukuba uyingcali yezonyango, ngaba ungaqeqesha abantu ukuba bancede njani?
Ndiyi-anesthesiologist/ugqirha obukhali, ngoko ke ndiyingcali yokuphefumla koomatshini. Isixhobo esichazwe kweli nqaku asiyiyo i-ventilator, kodwa i-catheter yempumlo ephezulu. Umoya uyafudumala kwaye u-humidified ukuze ungomisi i-mucous membranes. Idla ngokuthengiswa phantsi kophawu lwe-Optiflow kwaye kufuneka kube lula ukuyakha ngokubhubhuza irhasi nge37-40C yamanzi.
Ukuba ndiyaqonda ngokuchanekileyo, ukuhamba kwe-high-flow nasal cannula kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu. Kula mazinga okuhamba, umthombo womoya wenqanaba lezonyango okanye ioksijini inokuba ngowona mceli mngeni mkhulu.
Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kweoksijini yokuwelda kunye neoksijini yonyango? Ngaba ibalulekile into yokuba ioksijini ayicocekanga kakhulu?
Ukunyaniseka, oku akunjalo kwimeko yongxamiseko. Bavela kwinkqubo efanayo. Ioksijini iyingozi kangangokuba kufuneka ihluze naziphi na izinto ezinokuvelisa iintlantsi kunye nokusabela.
Ndiyakholwa ukuba wayethetha ukuthini ukuba ukucoceka kwe-oksijeni ye-welding kuphantse kufana ne-oksijeni yonyango, kuba ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela umlilo (ukuqhuma?) Ingozi ngenxa yokungcola kwinqanawa yoxinzelelo.
I-Storm Raven: Ngobuchwephesha, uchanekile, kodwa eneneni, ukuxinana okuphezulu kweoksijini kunokutshisa izinto esele zingatsha kakhulu kwaye ziyingozi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto benemiqondiso elumkisayo kuyo yonke indawo.
Storm Crow: Ngezantsi-ayilunganga kwaphela. Ioksijini inokutsha ngokugqithisileyo kwaye iyibhombu. Ukukhuhlana kunokubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo. Kufuneka uqonde. Kwanakwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezithile kwigumbi, kunokutshiseka ngokulula. Iiwelders akufuneki zichukumise izixhobo ngezandla ezimdaka. Umxube werhasi ongalunganga unobungozi. Ngolwazi olufanelekileyo, unokwenza esakho isixhobo sokuphefumla. Kukhuselekile ukuphefumla ioksijini. Iimeko ezikhethekileyo zisebenza kwi-diving. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yiNitrox. I-32% okanye ngaphantsi inetyhefu kakhulu kwi-30 yeenyawo bar. kunye nezinye ezininzi.
ERaul-Storm Crow ichanekile. Ioksijini ayinakutsha. Ioksijini yinto nje yokukhuthaza, ngaphandle kwayo, awuyi kutshisa. Ngaphezu koko, ayisayi kwenza izinto ziqhume ngakumbi. Ukuqhuma kwezinto kuxhomekeke kubume bekhemikhali bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunyuka okukhoyo. Kungenjalo, nanini na umntu elayita isixhobo sokulayita icuba, umoya ojikeleze umhlaba uya kuvutha.
Zee kunye neStorm Raven. Idangatye libangelwa kukusabela kweekhemikhali exothermic phakathi kwe-hydrocarbon kunye ne-oxidant. Kule meko, i-oxygen yi-oxidant, ngoko ke i-oksijini yenye yezinto ezimbini ezivuthayo ezivuthayo. Ngokwengqiqo yakho, ii-hydrocarbons akulula ukutshisa kwindawo engena-oxygen. Ukongeza, i-Zee ayisiyiyo i-catalyst kuba idliwe ngokupheleleyo ekuphenduleni. Ukutshisa kufuna kuphela iihydrocarbons, ioksijini kunye nomthombo wokutshisa. Kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, umbane ongashukumiyo unokubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo.
Andikwazi ukumela omnye umntu, kodwa okoko nje ioksijini idlula kuhlobo oluthile lwesihluzi, ndiya kuvuya ukuphefumla i-O2.
Enye inketho ye-oxygen inokuba sisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-concentrator. Ngethuba nje benombane wokusebenzisa (okanye ngaphezulu, kufuneka ndithembele kwizixhobo zam), banokubonelela ngaphezu kwe-2 L / min 95% umthamo we-O2 ngexesha langempela. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwimarike (nokuba ndiyakrokrela ukuba zizixhobo zebakala zonyango, i-Amazon iyathengisa).
“Ndikhumbula u-@PHitjens wayelele ebhedini ephethe ibhotile ye-oxygen kuba wayenomhlaza wemiphunga. Wayeya eBrico ukuze athenge itotshi yokuwelda ngebhotile ye-oxygen, enokunceda # oxygen#呼吸#MacGyver https://bricodepot.fr/ catalogue/poste-a-souder-bi-gaz/prod13363/”
Ndiceba ukusebenzisa ibrazing (i-acetylene-oxygen) ukuwelda isakhelo sam sebhayisekile yentsimbi. Irhasi iya kuvuthela isakhiwo, kodwa kufuneka ubophe ibhotile. Kwaye kukho imimiselo yendawo malunga nayo.
Uninzi lweeyunithi zanamhlanje ezisebenza ngamandla ziya kufikelela kwi-95% kumandla we-5lpm. Iiyunithi ezindala ziyasokola ukudlula i-3lpm
Unyango oluphezulu lweoksijini lumalunga ne-30-70lpm, ke ngelishwa i-concentrator ayizange igawule imastade.
Ukuqonda kwam kukuba akukho mahluko phakathi kweoksijini esetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango kunye ne-welding ngokwayo. Isikhongozeli esikhethelwe ioksijini yonyango sinekhonkco elipheleleyo lokugcinwa kwaye alaphulwa. Bagcina itanki ingenangcoliseko. Ungasebenzisa itanki yokugcina entsha, emva koko umisele ikhonkco elitsha lokugcina kwaye uyigcine. Umbuzo wam kukuba kunzima kangakanani ukugcwalisa itanki yamanzi. Konke kunomdla. Ngaba i-concentrator ye-oxygen inokongezwa kuyilo?
Njengomntu onamava okuphefumla kwe-welding, ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijini bekusoloko kungekho ngxaki. Isebe lethu lomlilo lizalise zonke i-BA (izixhobo zokuphefumula) ezivela kwiinkampani ezifana ne-Airgas. Akukho sihluzo sifunekayo.
Ndingumqhubi wesityalo se-cryogenic kumsebenzisi wase-US. Ndivelisa ioksijini elulwelo ikakhulu kumqhubi wokuphefumla ioksijini (ABO). Okwesibini, ulwelo olufanayo luphinda lufudunyezwe kwaye luguqulelwe kwi-oxygen yegesi ephezulu yoxinzelelo kunyango kunye noomatshini bokuwelda. Ioksijini ikwibakala elifanayo. Ukwahlukana kuphela yinkqubo apho i-cylinder yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ixhunywe kusetyenziso lokugqibela. Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kusetyenziswa imibhobho engenaoyile kunye neyinyumba, apho abashiseli basebenzisa i-oyile-resistant (akukho mfuneko yokuba babekho) kwaye mhlawumbi izixhobo ezimdaka. Ubunyulu bungama-94% okanye ngaphezulu. Ukulandelela ukungcola (okufana ne-methane, i-acetylene, i-nitrous oxide) igcinwe ngaphantsi kwinqanaba elisebenzayo kwi-ABO. Ukuba inqanaba lesingcolisi lingaphezulu kweli nqanaba, lilahle, coca kwaye uphinde ugcwalise itanki ukuze ufumane isampulu egcweleyo . Andizange ndibuyisele ibhetshi kwinqanaba elingakhuselekanga kumsebenzi wam womzi-mveliso iminyaka eli-10.
Kukho ijenereyitha yeoksijini ephathekayo. Kutheni le nto isixhobo esifanayo singenakwakhiwa kwisitshizi somoya ukunciphisa imfuno yeoksijini engumbhobho kunye nokunciphisa ithuba logqabhuko-dubulo? I-O2 yenziwe kwi-situ kwaye idliwe apho.
Ioksijini ayiyi kuqhuma. Ixhasa ukutsha, kodwa ukungabikho kwepetroli evuthayo kuya kwenza kuphela umthombo wokutshisa uvutha ngcono, ndicinga ukuba kuya kuba shushu.
Ngokokwazi kwam, ioksijini ivela kumthombo omnye, kwaye zonke ziyafana. Ioksijini esetyenziselwa ukuphefumla okanye ukuntywila kufuneka icocwe ivacuum ngaphambi kokuba iphinde ifakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucoceka okuqinisekisiweyo, ngelixa iisilinda zoshishino zibuya nje Xa ziphinda zigcwaliswa. Ndisebenzise i-oxygen ye-industrial iminyaka emininzi, kwaye xa i-diving respirator isetyenziswe iminyaka emi-5, akukho miphumo emibi. Ndiyathembisa ukuyisebenzisa kwiimeko zobomi nokufa.
Ukunqanda umlilo, musa ukusebenzisa izinti ezine-waxy emlonyeni wakho. Imilebe yomile xa uphefumla. Abongikazi kwiziko lokunyamekela abantu abagulela ukufa babaxelele ukuba batshintshele kwijeli ye-KY-usetyenziso olwahlukileyo kunokuba bekucetyiwe.
Ngokufanayo, ioksijini ecocekileyo eyaneleyo iya kubangela ukuba umzimba uyeke ukuphefumla. Kufuneka ubuncinane kubekho umkhondo wekharbon dayoksayidi egazini ukuze uqalise ukuphefumla. Andizange ndifune naluphi na uqeqesho lwezonyango.
Ndisebenze ukuwelda igesi ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960, kwaye ukuphefumla ioksijini kunokuphelisa intloko ebuhlungu. I-non-toxic, ayiyi kutshisa, kodwa iya kutshisa ezinye izinto. Ingxaki nge-covid 19 kukuba imiphunga iqinile kwaye udinga umahluko woxinzelelo ukwenza ukuphefumla kwenzeke. Ukuba awuyisebenzisi ioksijini, ngaba umoya wodwa wanele? Kufuneka ufumanise. Abanye bethu sele besebenza nzima
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-ventilators, ukusuka kwi-CPAP ukuya kwii-ventilators ezinzima kakhulu zokhathalelo olunzima. I-CPAP ibonelela kuphela ngoxinzelelo olulungileyo oluncinci ukunceda izigulana eziphefumla ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zikhulule iziphefumlo ezichwephesha kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Zizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukulala ebusuku. Ndiyile kwaye ndenza isikhongozeli esingabizi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukusenza esenziwe ngeebhotile zeplastiki. Ayiqinisekiswanga, kwaye kuyimfuneko kuphela ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yezandla kwiimeko eziphuthumayo, ngakumbi kumazwe ahluphekileyo. Ingxaki kukuba andazi ukuba ndisasazwa njani. Ungandinceda?
Ugcwalise ingxaki ngeoksijini kwaye wayisusa yonke incoko, ujonge ukunceda ukusindisa abantu kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kumangalisa ngokwenene. Ndoyisile ndaqhubekeka, enkosi
MAX, ndizama ukwakha indibaniselwano ye-CPAP kunye nemaski yobuso obugcweleyo be-snorkel. Unganditsalela umnxeba ngendlela yakho? Ndifuna amandla ebhetri kwaye aphatheke. Enkosi!
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba indlela ye-Thrompe inokusombulula zonke iingxaki. Ngokuhamba kwamanzi kuphela, unokufumana umoya ocinezelekileyo okumgangatho ophezulu ngaphandle kweentsalela zempompo (ioyile).
Ndihlala kwitanki enye evela kumthengisi werhasi. Umahluko ulele kuxwebhu kunye nendlela yokugcina umthengi. Ndonwabe kakhulu kukwazi ukukhupha irhasi kwitanki yokuwelda-qinisekisa nje ukuba ayisiyiyo iacetylene.
Enyanisweni, i-acetylene yayiyeyona nto yokuqala yokuthomalalisa iintlungu zegesi. Into enukayo iya kubangela ukuba intloko yakho ijikeleze kancinane, nto leyo enokubangela ukufa. Ngokufanayo, usasaze amashidi amanzi kwitafile yegumbi lokusebenza kunye nomgangatho wokulawula umbane ongatshintshiyo kunye nomlilo
Ukongeza, oosomajukujuku abathathu ababulawa ngokukhawuleza kwisiphekepheke senyanga babene-100% ye-O2 (phantsi kwe-1/3 yoxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric). Ukongeza, ioksijini inetyhefu kakhulu.
Umahluko kukuqinisekisa ubunyulu. (Ndiyingcali yebhayoloji, yaye ndiye ndathenga amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eoksijini.) Kodwa phakathi kwewelding nonyango lwezamayeza, kukho amabanga amaninzi anokwamkelwa ngexesha elinzima.
Kukho enye into, ebonakala incinci, kodwa ifuna ukukhankanywa. Ngaba i-oyile yokumpompa isetyenziselwa ukuthambisa iivalvu, njalo njalo-ndicinga ukuba yinyumoniya yekhemikhali? Inyumoniya ye-lipid? Ndiyazi imeko enye kuphela, umtyibilizi wayeneoli kwitanki yakhe. UMD kufuneka azi ngakumbi.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, sinokusebenzisa i-oksijini ye-industrial kwi-pedigree efanelekileyo-andithandabuzi ukuba umthengisi uya kuvuya ukuguqula itanki kwiimeko eziphuthumayo-kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ioli iqokelelwa kwi-baffle okanye ithathe ezinye izilumkiso.
Ndisebenza kwishishini legesi ye-industrial kwaye ndinokuxelela ukuba iimveliso ziyafana (i-o2 yolwelo, phantse yonke imveliso iqinisekisiwe ngokwezonyango), kodwa indlela elayishwe ngayo kwi-cylinder iyahluka (i-skids eyahlukileyo, uhlalutyo olungakumbi luyafuneka)
Ukuba kukho naziphi na izithambiso eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ioksijini, usenokungakwazi ukuthenga i-oksijini kulo mthengisi kuba iya kuba yitshimini. Ioli yeSilicone, mhlawumbi?
Qaphela ukuba izixhobo ezisebenzisa ioksijini phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nococeko oluphezulu kakhulu kufuneka zingabinaoyile okanye naziphi na ezinye iimveliso ezinokubamba umlilo. Ukonyusa i-oxygen concentration kunye noxinzelelo kuya kubangela ukutsha kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, nangaphandle kweentlantsi.
NdinguGqirha ochwepheshile wokuntywila kunye nokuntywila. Sifumene uqeqesho lwesigulana sonyango lwengozi yokuntywila kwintsimi yokuxutywa kwerhasi kunye nokuntywila emoyeni. Akukho mahluko phakathi kokuphefumla ioksijini kunye ne-oksijini ye-welding, umahluko kuphela yibhotile engena kuyo. Iibhotile zonyango zigqunywe, ngoko ke aziyi kugqwala kwaye kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo, ngelixa iibhotile ezifakwe kwi-welded azihlolisiswa ngeso lenyama ngenxa yokugqwala kunye nomlinganiselo onjalo. Ngokuphathelele ioyile kwitanki, akukho mafutha ngokupheleleyo kwicylinder yeoksijini. Esona sixa sincinci sesithambiso nakuwuphi na umsonto okanye isivalo sinokubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhawulezileyo. Zonke izixhobo ekufuneka zidibene ne-oxygen ephezulu kufuneka zingabi neoli, ngaphandle koko ziya kutshisa ngokukhawuleza. ngaphandle kokukhetha. Le yikhemistri esisiseko.
Ndiyangqina into ethethwe nguNathan. Iibhotile ze-welding zinokujongwa kuphela ngokubonakalayo; Kwakhona ndibone umntu othi iinkqubo eziphezulu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zinokusebenza ngaphandle kweoli. Oku akusoloko kunjalo. Zininzi i-PTFE i-oyile yesiseko (i-Fomblin, i-Kluberalfa, njl.) eziye zavavanywa kwaye zinokusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba bamkelwe nakwinkqubo yezonyango. Uhlalutyo kwakhona luya kungqina ukuba umgangatho wabo wanele.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-adsorbent tubular filters kunokuphepha "i-chemical pneumonia". Baza kubamba uninzi lwe-VOC kwi-lubricant kunye ne-oksijini encinci ukuyivumela ukuba idlule ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukufumana inani elikhulu leetyhubhu ze-adsorbent kunokuba ngumngeni. Omnye umngeni kukumisela ukugcwala kwe-VOC ngaphambi kokutshintsha ityhubhu ye-adsorbent ukuba isetyenziswe njengesihluzo. Inokuqikelelwa ngokusekelwe kulwazi kunye nesantya sokuhamba komenzi we-tube ye-adsorbent kunye nongcoliseko oluqikelelweyo lwe-lubricant (izinga le-degassing phantsi kweqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo).
Ukuba uyadlula kwi-bubbler, ioli ayiyi kungena emiphungeni. Mhlawumbi yi-2 yokungafuneki.
Molo, ke eyona nto siyifunayo kukucinezelwa/umoya ocinezelweyo, uwulungelelanise ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, emva koko udlule kwisihluzo se-oyile, emva koko ngamanzi (agcinwe kubushushu obuthile) ukufumisa umoya. Ndilungile?
Sinejenereyitha yeoksijini yonyana wam. Ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luphazamisekile okanye uthutho lufuna i-cylinder ye-oksijini esecaleni. Ngaphambi kokuvunywa kwe-inshurensi, umhlobo we-EMT ucebise ukuba sithenge izixhobo zebanga lezonyango, kodwa kufuneka zizaliswe nge-oksijini ye-welding. Logama nje ucoca ngexesha lokuzalisa ukubamba nakuphi na ungcoliseko olusuka ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli sokugcina esidityanisiweyo, kuya kufuneka ulunge. Ukudlulisa ioksijini kwibhamuza nako kuyanceda, kwaye amanzi anokusetyenziswa njengesihluzo esincedisayo. Ewe iimeko zongxamiseko kuphela.
Ngaba ioksijini iza kubhabha emoyeni kuqala emva koko igqobhoze emanzini, kodwa ube ungenako ukuhluza nokunyakamisa umoya ofunwa zezo zixhobo zokungenisa umoya?
Ndandikade ndisebenzela umvelisi wegesi yomoya waseSweden i-AGA (ngoku eyinxalenye yeQela laseJamani iLinde), kwaye ndinokuqinisekisa ukuba ubuncinci akukho mahluko eYurophu. Kubiza kakhulu ukuba neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nezobugcisa zonyango lwegesi. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ioksijini yonyango ethengiswayo iza nesatifikethi esiqinisekisa ukuba linqanaba lezonyango, ngelixa abanye bengenjalo. Yindlela nje yokunyusa amaxabiso kunye nengeniso.
Akukho mmahluko kuwo onke, nje umgangatho wokuvavanya ubunyulu, ngaphandle koko umxholo we-oksijini kwi-oxygen "welding" yi-99.99%
Umahluko omkhulu kuphela onokuthi uqwalaselwe ngumgangatho. Ukucoceka kweesilinda zegesi ze-welding ziphantsi. Ngoko ke, bahlala bequlethe ioli kwiindawo zoshishino. I-compressor yangempela esetyenziselwa ukuzalisa itanki yokugcina inokuvelisa i-concentration efanayo ye-O2.
Umahluko phakathi kwamanqanaba amane ahlukeneyo e-oksijeni (i-aviation, unyango, i-welding kunye nophando) ayilona umgangatho we-oksijeni, kodwa ikhonkco lokugcinwa kwetanki yokugcina. …Ungacinga ngeoksijini njengebakala lezonyango, kuba uqala ngetanki ecocekileyo engenazingcolisi.
Andingogqirha, kodwa ndidlala kumabonakude-ndicinga ukuba nokuthatha umoya ngoomatshini kunokudlala indima entle xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula - ubuncinci kwezona meko zinzima zokuphefumla.
Khange ndidlale indima yobugqirha kumabonakude kodwa bendingumntu ohlekisayo ndavuthela iibhaluni ezimbalwa, ndicinga ukuba ukuphuma kuyinxalenye yokunqanda izinto ukuba zingaqhawuki.
Kwangoko ngo-2004, ndathatha inxaxheba kwiprojekthi enxulumene nokwenzakala okubukhali kwemiphunga okunxulumene notofelo-gazi, kwaye ndikhumbula ukuba ukuba umoya awufanelekanga, ukungena komoya ngokwawo kunokubangela ingozi. Ngelishwa, ndaphumelela eyunivesithi iminyaka emibini kuphela, yaye ndizibophelele ekubekeni iliso kwi-elektroniki kwizigulana ezitofelwa igazi endaweni yokusebenzisa umatshini wokuphefumla ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ke inkumbulo yam ayicacanga. Jonga umzekelo ongezantsi. Andiqondi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini umthamo ophantsi wamaza. https://journals.lww.com/ejanaesthesiology/fulltext/2008/02000/optimal_ventilator_settings_in_acute_lung_injury.1.aspx
Baqhube uphononongo kwaye bafumanisa ukuba uxinzelelo olusezantsi lukhuselekile ngokwenene kwizigulana. Umthamo oqhelekileyo ompontshelwa kwimiphunga yesigulana unokuwolula imiphunga kwaye ubangele iingxaki. Inqaku libonisa ukuba umthamo ophantsi / amandla amancinci omoya akhuselekile.
EGemeni, oosomajukujuku bayilahlile phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi kangangeeveki ezininzi. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ndicinga ukuba uya kufumana usuku okanye ezimbini. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo (diving), awukwazi ukuyisusa konke!
Ngokusisiseko yioksijini kwaye imosha i-gradient, okuthetha ukuba umsebenzi wemiphunga yakho wokutshintshiselana ngerhasi ngokwenene uya kukhubaza iimolekyuli ezisemiphungeni yakho, zibangele i-edema, kwaye i-ARDS yile nto kanye sinethemba lokuba i-oksijini inokusombulula. ingxaki.
Ke ngoko, ngenxa yokuba sinyanga i-ARDS (eyintsingiselo ye-SARS ngokwenene), asifuni ukuthatha umngcipheko womonakalo wemiphunga onokuthi wenze imiphunga ibe mandundu.
Ndiyingcaphephe yokuntywila kwi-saturation kunye ne-diving yorhwebo kunye negcisa lonyango lokuntywila. Ndiyakwazi ukukuxelela ngoku, ngoku nje ungekho ngaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-20 zamanzi olwandle okanye usebenze ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, unokuphefumula i-100% ye-O2 ixesha elide. Kodwa asithethi nge-oxygen eyi-100%. Sithetha ngokudibanisa i-100% ye-oksijini emoyeni oqhelekileyo.
Ndibone amagqabantshintshi 'kwi-O2, kodwa ndifuna ukwazi incoko phakathi kwe-diving regulator kunye ne-respirator. Ingcamango nje engazange ihlakulwe.
Enyanisweni, izinga lokuhamba lingaba yi-20-70l / min, kwaye umxholo we-oksijeni unokuba phakathi kwe-30-100%. Kufuneka wongeze ioksijini eninzi.
Ukucinga ukuba ukhetho phakathi kwe-21% ye-oksijeni (eyenzeka ngokwemvelo) kunye ne-50% yomxube we-oksijeni (umzekelo), ayikho i-50% ye-oksijini ekhuthazwa yiklinikhi? I-O2 inobunzima be-molecular 32 kunye ne-nitrogen inobunzima be-molecular 28. Ngaba i-separator ye-rotary ingakwazi ukubonelela ngekhwalithi ephantsi kodwa i-100% isebenzise umthombo we-O2? Umzekelo: ukujikeleza i-cylinder ye-12-intshi ye-diameter 3 intshi ubunzulu, i-oxygen enzima iya kutsalwa kudonga olungaphandle. Ngaba i-N2 ekhaphukhaphu iya kufunyanwa embindini? Ukungajongi ukucoceka okuphezulu, kodwa ukukhangela into enokuthi ifakwe.
Ngelishwa, inkqubo encinci enjalo inokuvelisa izixa zeoksijini, kodwa ayikwazi ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokuhamba elifunekayo. Isishwankathelo seli nqaku sikunika ukuqonda kweemfuno zobugcisa zenkqubo yokwahlula igesi ye-centrifugal. https://www.mate.tue.nl/mate/pdfs/5250.pdf
Kutheni sifuna le nombolo? KuMkhosi wamanzi, sisebenzisa umthetho we-HR 1scf o2 ngomntu ngamnye ekubaleni ukusinda.
Ubalo lwakho lolwabantu abasempilweni abanemiphunga yabo isebenza kwi-100%. “Ukusinda” kuthetha ukuba abanye abantu basenobunzima.
Iijenereyitha zeoksijini ezisebenzisa i-fiber membranes ezingenanto zinokubonelela ngala mazinga. Ngokwenene, xhoma i-compressor yomoya kwi-inlet, kukho i-oxygen outlet kunye ne-exhaust gas outlet.
Ndiyenzile kwaye iyasebenza. Ukuba ukhupha initrogen kwaye usebenzise ukuqukuqela okudlulayo njengamanzi amdaka, isihluzo esiqhelekileyo sokwahlula inwebu yenitrogen inokuvelisa ukuya kutsho malunga ne-45% ye-O2. Inokuvelisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu. Ezi ntlobo zeengubo ze-nitrogen ezisetyenziswa kwiivenkile zoomatshini ukuzalisa amatayara kunye nezicelo zoshishino. I-bypass flow iphantse iphakame njengokuhamba kwamanzi amdaka. Into oyifunayo yi-compressor engenawo ioli, isihluzi sangaphambili esilungileyo kunye ne-membrane yokwahlula i-nitrogen ubukhulu obufanelekileyo.
Molo, ndinomdla @ChrisHruska, uyifumene phi ifilimu? Unomdla ngokwenene ekuzameni ukuyisebenzisa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-oxygen. Enkosi!
I-Electrolysis inokuvelisa ioksijini ecocekileyo eyaneleyo kwaye iyifumise kwangaphambili. Akukho lula ukuyigcina, kodwa inokulungela ukusetyenziswa kwangoko. Ngubani onokongeza amanqaku kule nto?
Le mpendulo yequora inokufundisa: https://www.quora.com/How-much-volt-needed-to-split-one-litre-of-water-into-hydrogen-and-oxygen-in- 1- second / impendulo / uTom-Nathe? ch=10&share=f6280cda&srid=pGoo
Kuthekani ngetekhnoloji yokutshintshiselana ngeproton inwebu abayisebenzisayo ekuveliseni ihydrogen yeeseli zamafutha? Okanye ngaba sisixhobo sokuvelisa i-hydrogen esikwavelisa ngemveliso ye-O2?
Ungonakalisa kwakhona i-microwave transformer ngokujija ucingo lwegeyiji enkulu ukuya kwelinye icala kunye nelophu enye okanye ezimbini, kwaye emva koko ulungise imveliso ukuze ufumane imveliso ye-DC. Le yindlela abantu abazenza ngayo iikhoyili zesifudumezi-ndawo ezifuna amandla amaninzi angoku endaweni yombane.
Ingongoma ibonakala ngathi: i-voltage efunekayo malunga ne-1.4V, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwanda nge-Yingshui. Iinkqubo zorhwebo zisebenza kuma-80 – 90°C. Udinga umsinga ophezulu. (4 – 6 kAˣm-2)
Mhlawumbi ungasusa incwadi endala yemoto yombane, kwaye usebenzise ii-mains AC motor ukuqhuba i-low-voltage high-current generator Faraday. …. Kuba ufuna ukuvelisa iiMOSFET ezininzi zangoku ezivela eTshayina ngoku?
Ndifuna ukwazi ukuba isixhobo esikhulu sinokwakhelwa ukwenza uninzi lwemisebenzi yesixhobo sokungenisa umoya. Ukunikezelwa komoya kunye nokukhupha isigulane ngasinye kunokulawulwa yimpompo encedisayo etshintsha i-oksijeni kunye nomswakama. Ngokufana nomqolo wesitovu, esi sitovu sinikezela ngombane kumbhobho owahlukileyo ekhaya. Kusenokubakho impompo engundoqo efunxa umoya omtsha ize iwusasaze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Ezinye iimpendulo zathi zidinga i-20-70L ye-oksijini ngomzuzu, ngoko yonke i-mole ye-22.4L ye-oksijeni idinga i-2 moles (44.8 ilitha) ye-oksijini ngomzuzu, ngelixa i-electrolysis yamanzi idinga i-237 kJ / mol. Ngoko ke, 2mol / umzuzu * 237kJ/mol * 1 umzuzu/60 imizuzwana = 7.9kJ/yesibini = 7900 watts. I-1.23V iyadingeka kwi-electrolysis, ngoko kucingelwa ukuba i-voltage efanelekileyo yokutshintsha yi-6422A.
Ehlabathini lenene, ukusebenza kakuhle kuya kuncipha. Le yinkqubo yorhwebo ye-10kW enexabiso leyure le-1000L (16.6L/min). Ekugqibeleni, isigulane ngasinye sinokufuna i-30kW okanye ngaphezulu. https://www.fuelcellstore.com/ Inkqubo ye-electrolysis yamanzi-10kw
Ndibale nje oku: udinga i-26,802 Ah ukuvelisa i-22,414 / 4 ilitha (i-4 Faradays kwi-mole). Ngamanye amazwi, ngalo lonke ixesha udlula kwiseli ye-electrochemical, i-electrolysis iya kukunika iilitha ezingama-0.21 zeoksijini. Masithi ufuna ukunyusa ioksijini yendalo ukusuka kwi-21% Vol (umoya) ukuya kuma-32%, kwaye masithi uphefumla amaxesha ali-10 ngomzuzu, udinga iilitha eziyi-3,3 zeoksijini eyenziwe nge-electrochemically. Yahlula iilitha ezi-3,3 ngomzuzu ngo-Ah Ah. Iilitha ezingama-21 ngeAh. Ufumana i-942 A (ungalibali ukuphindaphinda i-min / h nge-60), ephezulu kakhulu kunomphumo wangoku wawo nawuphi na umthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo. Ukucinga ukuba iseli ye-electrolytic eyakhiwe ngokwayo ayinakwenzeka ukuba isebenze kwi-voltage engaphantsi kwe-5 volts, uya kugqiba malunga ne-5 kW yamandla, engaphezulu kwento oqhele ukuba nayo ekhaya. Ukuba unamava angakumbi kwiyeza, (ndiyingcali nje ye-electrochemical), unokwenza umahluko kula manani, kodwa umphumo uyafana. Imibuliso evela kuWolfgang, eJamani
Ukunqongophala okukhulu, unokufuna ukucinga ngokusebenzisa umthombo we-oxygen emoyeni. Ubhubhani ubonakala unciphisa kakhulu iinqwelomoya zeenqwelomoya kunye nemfuno yazo yeoksijini elandelayo. Le oksijini yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabantu.
umbono olungileyo! Ndiyabona ukuba ukuba bacinga ukuba bangafumana indlela yokusindisa inkampani, ngoko bazimisele ukunqumla izivumelwano.
Kodwa landela indlela efanayo yokucinga: kuthekani ngamakhandlela e-oxygen kaxakeka? Yenziwe yangomhla kancinane, iyakhazimla kancinane, kodwa inexabiso eliphantsi. Masithi sinokuthenga izinto ngobuninzi, sakhe isitya sokusabela ngaphandle (esinokulawulwa njengamathontsi, njengezo zibane ze-acetylene ezindala), kwaye emva koko sizithuthe ngombhobho wokucoca kwaye uzicinezele kwiitanki okanye iingxowa zomoya zoxinzelelo oluphantsi. (Ndiyazi, olu luluvo olubanzi ngakumbi, kodwa ingalungela ngakumbi iindawo ezikude? Okanye ngaba kukho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwe-02 okanye ezinye iingxaki…)
Ungayisebenzisa inqwelomoya njengesibhedlele sethutyana? Akunakusetyenziswa kwiyunithi yokunyamekela kakhulu efuna umoya oxinzelelekileyo, kodwa kwiimeko eziphuhlisayo, cinezela i-cabin nge-oxygen-eriching air, okanye usebenzise imaski kunye nenkqubo yokusabalalisa i-oksijini esele ikhona. Sinezikhululo zeenqwelo moya kwidolophu nganye kunye nothutho lwendlela olufanelekileyo.
Okanye, abavelisi beenqwelo-moya (abavelisi beenqwelo-moya abavale imigca yabo yokuvelisa) banokuqhubeka nokwakha iinkqubo zokusasaza i-oksijini, kodwa ngaba baya kufakwa kwizibhedlele? Oku kunokuba sisisombululo somgangatho wewadi kunokuba sisisombululo sesigulane esinye.
Ndiyithanda kakhulu le ngcamango. Ndiqinisekile ukuba iinqwelomoya ngoku zikhangela imithombo yengeniso, kwaye iinqwelomoya zibonakala zisisiqulatho esilungileyo kunye nendawo yokusetyenzwa. Ziphakamise kwaye ubhabhe uye apho zifuneka kakhulu.
Imigaqo, ngaba ioksijini yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya isetyenziselwa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kuphela? Ndicinga ukuba i-oksijini engxamisekileyo ethontsiza kubakhweli iveliswa yi-endothermic chemical reaction, njengoko kuchaziwe kwinkcazo yangaphambili? Ezi yunithi zakhweliswa ngenqwelomoya njengomthwalo owongezelelweyo kwaye zatsha. Lo ngunobangela wengozi yemoto eFlorida Everglades. Ezi zidumbu azifumaneki kuba kutyiwe iingwenya.
Ndiyazi ukuba ungathenga ibakala le-O2 kwiitanki zokugcina iinkampani ezifana ne-AIRGAS kwaye uyibeke phantsi…uyibeke nje kwisistim…iitanki ezinkulu zokugcina…zinokusetyenziselwa ukuntywila igesi…ukuveliswa nokuhanjiswa kwilizwe lonke. usuku.
Kuthekani ngamatanki okuntywila? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ioksijini yokuntywila yenye indlela yokubonelela ngeoksijini? Ukuntywila ikakhulu ngumsebenzi wokuzonwabisa, ke nceda uqiniseke ukuba banokuyeka ukuntywila okwethutyana ukuze basindise ubomi
Ewe, ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijini kuya kuba nzima, kodwa eminye imithombo ye-oksijini "engeyiyo eyezonyango" (efana ne-oksijeni ye-welding) ayibonakali. Umahluko ophambili itanki yokugcina kunye nekhonkco lokugcinwa kwe-oksijini yonyango, ngelixa enye imithombo ingekho.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuvuthela emoyeni kungcono kunokungavutheli ngaphakathi, okanye kungcono kunomoya wangaphakathi. Ngokukodwa kwimeko apho i-CO2 ephumayo kwikona efileyo yokuphefumula yenza kube nzima ukuphefumla ukuphefumla, i-catheter yempumlo ephezulu ingasetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela okungaxhatshazwayo.
Ngokombono wam, ukuba ufuna ukwenza nantoni na kweli nqanaba kunye nesikali esifunekayo, kufuneka ukhethe eyona ndlela ilula kwaye uqale ukwahlula iindawo zomthombo kunye nemveliso.
Ngaba ngokwenene kwanele ukubonelela ngokuqhubekayo ngokuqhubekayo endaweni yokuxelisa ukuphefumla / ukukhupha? Ukuqwalasela oku ngale ntsasa, ndiya kuvuya kakhulu ukukunceda! Kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka ukufudumeza amanzi ukuya kuma-40°C. Akukho ngxaki ekutyhaleni ukuhamba rhoqo emanzini.
Ukuba akukho imaski ye-n95, ngaba umoya okhutshiweyo/osulelekileyo unokondliwa ngesibulali-zintsholongwane okanye ngamanzi abilayo?
Kuthekani ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet? Ngaba iya “kuyenza ingathathi hlangothi” intsholongwane? Makungabikho mfuneko yokuba abasebenzi bethu bezonyango bacoce intsholongwane.
Ukuba imitha ye-UV ithembekile kumpompozo esithetha ngawo, iya kuba lukhetho oluhle. Amanzi ashushu avakala ngathi licebo elilungileyo. Ndivile ukuba intsholongwane yangoku ayinakuphila kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-27 degrees celsius-kodwa kufanele ukuba ndicinge ukuba lulwazi olusetyenzisiweyo kwaye lufuna ukujongwa. Ngoko ke, akufuneki ukuba amanzi abe shushu kakhulu. Nalu uphando kwi-UV: https://rdcu.be/b27p8 malunga nokuyisebenzisa ngendlela yokusingqongileyo, kodwa ndiyaqikelela ukuba ingasetyenziswa ngamandla kwisingxobo esivaliweyo kwesi sicelo. (Hayi ingcaphephe)
Ndicinga ukuba ufuna ukukhupha umoya ophuculweyo we-oxygen, kufuneka ugweme ukusebenzisa ubushushu kunye nemithombo yamafutha.
I-NIV yempumlo ayivalwanga, ngoko ke umntu uyaqhubeka nokukhupha umoya, kodwa igesi ephezulu ihanjiswa kwimiphunga ukuze incede ukutshintshiselana ngegesi.
Ukuvelisa ii-aerosols. Zonke izigulana ze-coronavirus kufuneka zifakwe umoya ngetyhubhu ye-ET, ngakumbi ngenxa yobunzima be-ARDS kunye notshintshiselwano lwegesi kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemiphunga kwezi zigulana, kwaye ngokuyinxenye ukukhusela abasebenzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nesixhobo sokungenisa umoya esingenelelayo, ukuphuma kweempumlo eziphezulu kuyafumaneka kwaye kutshiphu kakhulu.
Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu bosulelekile, ukwenza ii-aerosols zentsholongwane ye-COVID-19 ayiseyongxaki.
Kubantu abosulelekileyo okanye abachachayo, ukuphefumla kwiintsholongwane ezininzi ezifanayo akuyi kwenza mahluko ungako.
Andisebenzisi kakhulu kwi-ventilators yokwakha, kodwa kwiimaski, ndenze uphando oluninzi kwaye ndicebise ukuyilwa kwelaphu elinokuphinda lisetyenziswe. Eli laphu linokusetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye lilukwe kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye nothuli ukuba ludlule. Loo nto inokugalelwa kwiblitshi (ukubulala zonke iintsholongwane ezifana neJik) kwaye ihlanjwe ukuze inxibe. Ndenze iisampuli ezimbalwa kwaye ndiyathemba ukwabelana ngeepatheni kunye neekhonkco kumanqaku achaza iingenelo zelaphu. Nabani na angenza ezi maski. Umntu ngamnye udinga ezimbini kuphela, omnye wokukhutshwa iintsholongwane kwaye omnye anxibe.
Le yinto endinomdla kakhulu kuyo. Ndizibonile ezinye iziyilo, kodwa uyilo lwakho lunokuba ngcono. Ndingathanda ukuva ngakumbi ngayo.
Nceda usete imowudi yasimahla kwi-Intanethi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo (izandi azilungile njengoko uchaza), kodwa imiyalelo ibhalwe ngesiTshayina.
Le yinto abongikazi abaninzi abadla umhlala-phantsi nabanye abanethemba lokuyivelisela oodade nabazalwana bethu abasebenzayo abasebenza esibhedlele ngoku. Nceda wabelane ngoyilo lwakho apha!
Ndinomdla kakhulu kum. Intombi yam ngugqirha wezilwanyana kwaye bekusoloko kufuneka bazenzele iimaski zabo. Sinoomatshini bokuthunga abaliqela kunye neeseva ezininzi apha
Nceda wabelane ngemiyalelo yokwenza le maski. Intombi yam kunye nomtshana wam ngabasebenzi bezonyango. Bayayidinga le nto!
Ndinamava ekuyileni imimandla yoxinzelelo olubi lokunciphisa iasbestos. Indlela yokujongana negesi yokukhupha kwindawo yoxinzelelo olubi loxinzelelo. Ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo olubi, kufuneka uhlale ukhupha umoya ngaphakathi kwendawo ukuze kungabikho nto inokukhutshwa, kodwa umoya kufuneka uhambe kwenye indawo nge-fan kunye ne-HEPA filter. Kusenokuba lula ukubulala impefumlo yomguli, kodwa kuthekani ngomoya ongaphakathi endlwini?
Uluvo lwam kukuba izihluzi ze-HEPA zikulungele ukuhluza iintsholongwane ezininzi, kodwa ayizizo zonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukufaka i-ayoni yomoya phambi kwesihluzo, sebenzisa isihluzo esihlawuliswe kakuhle phambi kwesihluzo se-HEPA. Njengolu phando https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477231/
Cinga nje isibane se-ultraviolet (XEnON) ngasemva / kwicala lokukhupha le-HEPA yokucoca, kwaye emva koko ugqithise umoya ophathwayo ngesihluzo sesibini…ufuna ukonwaba…kwinqanaba lokuqala lokucoca/isibane se-xenon kwaye Inqanaba lesibini lokucoca lidlula kwisilivere. ngocingo, ngoko awuyi kuqokelela iintsholongwane kumphezulu ixesha elifutshane.
Molo Susan, ndingathanda ukubona uyilo! Kuyavakala kakuhle, ukuba ndingazifumana izixhobo, ndingabenzela abantu ezi zinto.
Ndisebenza nzima-ndifumene imathiriyeli yokucoca ekulula ukuyisebenzisa neyilelwe ukuthintela intsholongwane ukuba ingasasazeki ngomsi nezinye izinto. Kufuneka kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa umpu otshisayo kunye nelaphu ukwenza imaski, i-fan yebhokisi kunye ne-tape ukwenza inkqubo yokucoca umoya wangaphakathi, kunye nebhotile yesoda kunye nompu oshushu weglue ukwenza i-canister respirator. Yenza uphando olungakumbi malunga noku.
Ndingathanda ukwazi imodeli yakho: ilungu losapho lilunyukisiwe ukuba isibhedlele sabo sikulungele ukwamkela iimeko ezigcwele kakhulu ze-NYC. Abanazo iimaski ezaneleyo. Mna nenkosikazi yam siseka umzi-mveliso wezandla (wasimahla) wokwenza iimaski zelaphu. Nceda undithumelele i-imeyile tom@baccei.com Enkosi!
Ngaba ungayenza imaski? Ngaba kufana nokuba bubungqina bengqiqo ukuba buxabiseke ngeli xesha? Ukungenzi nto kubi ngaphezu kokusilela ukwenza into! ! ! !
Ulwelo olufana ne-oyile lunendawo yokubilisa ephezulu kakhulu kunye ne-viscosity kunamanzi, kwaye mhlawumbi nerhasi egqobhoza kolu lwelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu inokubulala intsholongwane. Ngokusisiseko umoya wabuya ngokuqhotsa.
I-Copper inokubulala i-coronavirus, kwaye izihluzi ze-mesh zobhedu zinokwenziwa, ezinokuthi zenziwe ngamaleko amaninzi ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Yongeza ithuba lokungqubana phakathi kwe-coronavirus esemoyeni kunye nomphezulu wobhedu. Iiyoni zobhedu zitshabalalise iqokobhe langaphandle le-coronavirus. Andiqinisekanga malunga nexesha lokuphendula (ixesha intsholongwane ibonakaliswe kubhedu) kunye nobushushu obufanelekileyo kwiziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukufudumeza umnatha wobhedu ngokuchasa kunokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle. Umoya owomileyo oshushu kunye neentsholongwane zingqubana nomphezulu wemesh yobhedu amaxesha amaninzi. UBill Keevil ufunda i-coronavirus kunye nobhedu eUnited States. Kusenokuba lula njengokusebenzisa i-voltage kumnatha wobhedu oqulethwe kwizindlu zentsimbi engatyiwayo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator.
Ingaba ulwelo oluqhelekileyo lokugqithiselwa kobushushu olwenziwa ngobhedu lunokuguqulwa lube sisihluzo sokuphefumla?
Heyi, oku kuvakala kunomdla. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuhlawulisa intsholongwane ngombane ongatshintshiyo kunye nokwandisa ithuba lokungqubana nomphezulu wobhedu ukunciphisa umgama ohanjwa yintsholongwane kwigridi?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477231/ Baphande ngoku. Inokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo.
Ndiyasithanda esi sandi, nceda ugcine ingqondo entle! Usafuna ukwazi ukuba i-nano mesh yesilivere okanye amalaphu afana ne-fungicides asetyenziswa kwiisokisi aya kusebenza? Mhlawumbi inamaleko acolekileyo amaninzi.
"Ibonisa ukuba ubhedu lunokuyibulala i-coronavirus", nceda unike ireferensi. Andikholelwa ukuba oku kuyinyani. Oku kuthetha iiyure ezingama-24 kubhedu okanye kwikhadibhodi kunye neeyure ezingama-72 kwintsimbi engenasici/iplastiki-https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/tip-iceberg-virologist-david-ho-bs-74-speaks-about- covid -19
Ndibone abanye aba-2, omnye uthe imizuzu engama-40 kwaye omnye wathi iiyure ezi-4. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqina okuhambelanayo kwezinye izinto kubonakala kuyalingana, ke ndiyaqikelela ukuba le yindlela enkulu ngayo "amathontsi" obeka apha, ukufuma kwendawo kunye nezinye izinto.
Sebenzisa isomisi seenwele ukufunxa umoya ongcolileyo. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu aliphakami ngokwaneleyo, nceda ukhethe enye kwivenkile yehardware (650°C ivuthela yokususwa kwepeyinti). Abiza kakhulu. Isomisi seenwele sinokuphuculwa ngokongeza umbhobho omde ofakwe kwi-vent, oya kunika umoya oshushu ixesha elide lokutshabalalisa intsholongwane. (Intsholongwane ayinakuphila kuba iCorona okanye iStuxnet ayinakuphila.) Nangona kunjalo, andiqondi ukuba ukujongana nomoya ongcolisekileyo ngowona mba uphambili.
Ngaba oomatshini be-CPAP banokulungiswa? Ziyafudumeza kwaye zifumise umoya, kodwa indlela umoya ongeniswa ngayo kwisigulana yahlukile. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza i-nasal cannula joint ukuze ilingane ekupheleni kombhobho odla ngokunxiba imaski? (Ewe, kukude nokugqibelela, kodwa kungcono kunanto.)
Andicingi njalo. Ndine-CPAP. Ayifani nesixhobo sokuphefumla kwaphela. Yandisa nje kancinane uxinzelelo lomoya ongenayo (hayi loo nto ingako). Usafuna ukuphefumla.
I-PS: Ngendlela, kwii-CPAP ezininzi, ukufudumala kunye ne-humidification "inketho" -ndiyenzile, kodwa ndayilahla ngenxa yokuba ndaziva ukuba udonga luvalwe nguloo moya omanzi. Ukongezelela, yonke inkqubo yokucoca kunye ne-disinfection yi-PITA (emva koko, zonke iibhaktheriya "ziyakuthanda" ukushisa okufudumeleyo kusetyenziswa).
Ebusika, umoya obandayo unokwenza impumlo yome kancinci kwaye ibangele ukuba ulusu luqhekeke, kodwa ndisebenzisa i-tip ye-Q ukusebenzisa i-petroleum jelly kuyo ukukhusela ulusu, kwaye umphumo ulungile kakhulu.
Andisazi isibhedlele selizwe lakho, kodwa izibhedlele endizibonileyo zineoksijini esembindini, ivacuum nezinye iivalvu, andisazikhumbuli. Kukho imibhobho esuka kwisakhiwo sonke ukuya kwisikhululo sokumpompa esiphakathi. Ndiyakrokrela ukuba izibhedlele kwihlabathi lesithathu zakhiwe ngolu hlobo. Thina kumazwe athuthukileyo sinokuba nezixhobo ezaneleyo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba abantu baseAfrika okanye ababaleki eSyria bagxothwa ngabo.
Andivumi. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba i-CPAP inokuguqulwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ibe nemisebenzi ethile yomatshini kunye nenzwa, ekwazi ukuphefumla / ukukhupha.
I-spacer yi-3D eprintiweyo kwaye ifakwe phakathi kwe-mask ye-CPAP kunye ne-hose njenge-accessory ngokusebenzisa umbhobho we-O2. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, nqumla i-slit encinci kwi-hose kufuphi ne-mask, faka umgca we-O2, kwaye uyitywine nge-tape.
Ukuba ibekwe kwintente yoxinzelelo olubi, i-fan yokukhupha intente iya kuxhotyiswa ngesihluzo se-HEPA, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa isoyikiso sentsholongwane ye-atomization.
I-airsense yam ehlaziyiweyo ye-10 kunye nezinye ezininzi ze-CPAP zine "i-air ramp" enokunyusa ngokuthe ngcembe uxinzelelo lokwenza abantu balale.
Konke okufuneka ukwenze kukuqhekeza isoftware esetyenziselwa "indlela yokuphefumla" ukulinganisa ukuphefumla. Ndibambeke kwiluphu eqhubekayo. Ngokufanayo, usenokungayifuni ioksijini ephezulu kakhulu. Kuwo wonke umntu ofuna i-ventilator, ukuba i-oksijini yongezwa emva kwesikhululo samanzi se-CPAP, okanye i-oxygen concentration iphantsi ngokwaneleyo, unokuzalisa iingxowa zenkunkuma ye-industrial nge-oksijini, uze ubeke umatshini we-CPAP kuyo. Oko kungafuneka kube ngaphantsi kwama-25%. 02. Ekubeni umxholo we-oksijini emoyeni umalunga ne-20%, ugxininiso lokugqibela lunokuba malunga ne-45%. Ukuba ayiphumelelanga, unokuncamathisela iikhabhathi ngeteyiphu kwaye ugcwalise amagunjana nge-O2 ethile. Iingxowa zenkunkuma ziyasetyenziswa ukuze ungazisebenzisi kakhulu. Phosa i-CPAP apho, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kufumana i-oxygen ehla ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa rhoqo emva kwexesha elithile, uya kwazisa enye ingxowa yenkunkuma ye-oksijini ecocekileyo kwigumbi elikhulu.
Ewe, iisetingi zabo zinokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngexesha lokuphefumla. Isiphumo sokusebenzisa i-cpap eqhelekileyo siziva ngathi ngumoya olungileyo okanye umoya ombi. Ubunzima bamacandelo esifuba, iimbambo, ulusu lwemisipha, njl njl. ikhuthaza ukuphuma ngaphandle. Kukho ii-ventilators ezimbini ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo ezilawulwa yikhompyuter. Ingcali kwimiphunga yakho okanye ingcali yokulala kufuneka ikwazi ukukunceda. Kufuneka kwakhona baqwalasele ukucaciswa kwesisombululo. Iinkampani zeCpap/bipap ziquka iApria kunye neNorco. Jonga ukuba ungaqhagamshelana neenjineli zabo kunye neengcali zokuphefumla. Zonke ezi ngcinga ndizifundayo (ingakumbi xa zidibene) zinokusindisa ubomi obuninzi.
Enye inketho yokubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo efudumeleyo nefumileyo kukubeka nje amabini kuwo onke amalungu amanzi kwisixokelelwano, endaweni yawo qho kwiiyure ezili-12, emva koko ufake ezo zingasetyenziswanga emanzini abilayo imizuzu eli-10.
Ndandicinga ukusebenzisa umatshini we-CPAP onokugxininiswa kweoksijini eqhubekayo. Ukuba ziza kusetyenziswa ekhaya, ungcoliso lusenokungabi yingxaki enkulu. Uthini umyinge wokuhamba kwesixhobo sokuphefumla? Uthini umyinge wokuhamba kwe-CPAP? Iilitha ezintathu ngomzuzu ngaphezulu?
Oomatshini be-CPAP ngoku basetyenziswa njengovulindlela kwi-intubation yesigulana kunye nokungenisa umoya ngoomatshini kwizibhedlele ze-ICU. Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo yongezwa kwizibuko elisecaleni lomatshini, kwaye umntu wongezwa ukuze anyanzelise ioksijini egazini ngokusebenzisa izicubu zemiphunga ezidumbileyo nezijiyileyo.
Ngaba oko kunokubangela iingxaki ezifanayo ne-CPAP kwaye kwandise ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane? Umahluko kuphela ubukhulu bomngxuma kunye nenani lokuphefumla kwakhona. (I-CPAP ixhomekeke ekuphefumleni kwakhona inxalenye yomoya kunye nokuvuza okulinganisiweyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nomthamo wokuphefumula kwakhona.) Ngaba amathuba okuphefumla i-jet angcono?
Ipholile kakhulu, yi-resuscitator manual, enokuthi iqhutywe ngesandla serobhothi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag_valve_mask
Kufuneka ndenze ntoni xa ndisebenzisa iteknoloji yokuphefumla kwakhona ye-SCUBA ukucoca umoya nokuvala iluphu xa kutofa i-oxygen?
Bendicinga ngento enye… Isixhobo esidala se-DIY sijongeka kulula ukwenza, kwaye ndicinga ukuba ukukhuhla ikharbon diokside ngesodium hydroxide kuya kuba nenzuzo eyongezelelweyo yokubulala naziphi na iintsholongwane ezikhutshwayo (ubuncinci ukuyicoca). Kufuneka kube lula ukongeza ikhabhoni ecushiweyo ukwenzela ukuhluzwa okongeziweyo.
Ekuphela kwento endinexhala ngayo inokuba sisisimisi-manzi, kuba yonke into ka-NAOH (Lye) “ukudibana namanzi kuya kubangela ugwebu olunobundlobongela nokutshiza.”
Oku kuvumela ukuba iibhokisi ezininzi zihlolwe, kwimeko engxamisekileyo, inokwakhiwa ngokulula, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengeqonga eliqinileyo ukufezekisa iinjongo ezifunwayo.
- Ulwakhiwo olulula kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo lezinto ezityiwayo - Ukujikeleza komoya okuvaliweyo ukuthintela / ukunciphisa ithuba lokusuleleka - Iindleko eziphantsi ngokwentelekiso - Kulula ukuguqula / ukulungelelanisa / ukucoca - Kulula ukongeza kwiziseko ezikhoyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwisiza - Ephathekayo - Umxholo ofanelekileyo wobugcisa ophantsi , ukhetho ukongeza ngokulula umsebenzi
Ndithetha ukuba xa bechaza omnye umatshini kwaye babonise omnye, kunika ithemba elikhulu. Ewe, ndiyakholelwa ukuba oku kukuzonwabisa nje. Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani i-PI ukulawula i-LCD ye-16×2?
Ndiyile kwaye ndenze naliphi na inani letyhubhu yokutya ye-nasogastric kunye nezinye izixhobo ezininzi ezinxulumene nesisu. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ndingayila ngokulula/ ndiphindaphinde i-catheter yempumlo ehamba phezulu.
Kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphuma kwi-COVID, kukho ireferensi elungileyo yokhathalelo olukhulu, olunokuba luncedo kakhulu. Ukuba uyila iprototype esebenzayo, uya kuqwalasela ukuqhagamshelana nombhali EMCrit.org/IBCC
Ukuba sicinga ukuba lonke utyando olukhethiweyo lumiswa ngexesha likaxakeka, bangaphi oomatshini bokuphefumla ngoomatshini abanokuphinda basetyenziswe ngexesha lotyando?
Ubude obuqhelekileyo bokuhlala esibhedlele kwizigulane ezikhethiweyo malunga neentsuku ze-4, apho (umzekelo) iimeko ze-3 kunye ne-1 okanye i-2 iimeko zokhathalelo olunzulu / ukhathalelo oluphezulu emva kokuhlinzwa. Ubude bokulaliswa esibhedlele kwizigulane ezineminyaka engama-70 ubudala abaneengxaki zemiphunga yentsholongwane kunye nokuphuma komoya malunga neentsuku ezili-16-20. Oku kuphantse kulingane neshumi ukuya kwelinye elilinganayo. Oko kukuthi, iikhosi zonyulo ezili-10 ziya kucinywa kwimeko kaxakeka nganye.
Ndicinga ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba abantu abachacha kuqhaqho akufuneki bafakwe umoya ixesha elide kunakwigumbi lotyando…
Ewe, ndingumtywini. Oomatshini be-O2 abaphathwayo banokugxininisa i-oksijini, umphunga kwi-sterilizer unokufakwe umbhobho ukutshisa / ukufumisa umoya, intubation kunye nemibhobho yeplastiki yonke indawo, kodwa sinokufuna abavelisi ukwandisa ukwakhiwa kwezi zixhobo kwaye bafune umatshini wokuvelisa amandla amaninzi.
Ngale ndlela isigulana sinokuphefumla kakuhle, kodwa ngaba ifuna ukugxilwa okuphezulu kwe-O2 emoyeni? Ngaba bayayidinga intubation? Esi sisifo esisezantsi sokuphefumla, ulwelo oluninzi. Ngaba intubation ngokwenene inokwenza uxinzelelo olwaneleyo?
Ndingumphuhlisi wemveliso onamava abanzi kwisoftware kunye nehardware. Ndingaqhagamshelana nenani elikhulu leenjineli.
Ndizibandakanya kuphuhliso lweshishini kwindawo encinci yemveliso kwintshona yeNew York State. Sinenani elikhulu loomatshini bokugoba bentsimbi kunye nabavelisi abachanekileyo. Ukuba kukho indlela yokuphuhlisa uyilo olulula lokulwakha kunye nojongano olusisiseko, ndiyakholelwa ukuba sineqonga elinokwakha ngokukhawuleza aba matshini.
Ngaba ukhe wayibona isithuba esinekhonkco kuyilo lweMIT 2010? Ukuba akunjalo, ndingayithumela kuwe. NdinguRichard@worldhelm.co.uk
Molo, ndinomdla wokuxoxa ngeprojekthi endisebenza ngayo nawe. I-ventilator ephathekayo, bill2resist@gmail.com, enkosi kuBill Rasmussen
Ndisandula ukufumanisa le webhusayithi imangalisayo namhlanje, ukuba usayikhangela, unomdla kakhulu. Jonga uphononongo lwam lwe-CPAP.
Unokubonisana nenkampani yoshicilelo ye-3d ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iprototype yesixhobo esilula nesisebenzayo esinokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza ngobuninzi. Oku kuya kusindisa ubomi obuninzi kwaye kunokusetyenziswa njengesisombululo sexeshana de isigulana sifakwe kwisixhobo sokuphefumla esiqhelekileyo.
Iqonga lethu linokutyelela iindawo ze-450 ze-3D zokushicilela kumazwe angaphezu kwe-40 / imimandla, kwaye inokubonelela ngaphezu kwe-1,200 3D izinto zokuprinta. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba asinalo uyilo. Ndenze noluhlu lwamacandelo abalulekileyo ayimfuneko kwi-corona (uluhlu lukarhulumente wase-UK):
Uluhlu lwamacandelo abalulekileyo – https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1bNjj23e5jFHIf-2XRq_RhuYsdASIoW4t5FKtAd2EiVM/edit?usp=sharing
Inqaku malunga neevalvu ze-3D eziprintwe e-Italy. Ngoku kukho umonde we-10 usebenzisa ezi ndlela: https://www.beamler.com/3dprinting-coronavirus-flatten-the-curve-covid19/
Kulungile, ufuna ukunceda! Eli phepha liqulethe ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo malunga nabanini be-3D yomshicileli + Discord Channel. https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/3d-printing-community-responds-to-covid-19-and-coronavirus-resources-169143/
Ingaba isikhuselo-sifuba sifanelekile kule ntsholongwane? Ngokufana nomphunga wentsimbi osetyenziselwa ukunyanga ipoliyo. Ngokucacileyo, ezi ziya kuba zezona zilula ukuzenza.
Impendulo emfutshane ibidla ngokuthi “hayi”. Kwakufuneka zibunjwe kumntu ngamnye, kusetyenziswa udaka ukwenza isifuba, kunye nefiberglass ukwenza iqokobhe. Kusenokubakho ukuphucuka xa usebenza nam, kodwa ngokokwazi kwam andikenzi nto ingako.
Ukuba ufuna ukuqwalasela ukuba kufanelekile, kufuneka wenze ntoni nge-iron ye-lung? (Ewe, zikhangeleka zoyikeka, kodwa ngoku asiloxesha lokugxeka i-aesthetics.)
Imiphunga yeayini ingasetyenziswa, kodwa...kufuneka uyifumane, kwaye emva koko kufuneka ubuyisele zonke iigaskets kunye ne-rubber seals…ukuba unokuzifumana. Irabha ibikwimeko embi ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950.
Ngokumalunga noxinzelelo olubi lwe-iron-lung-okanye unxunguphalo, zombini izixhobo zokuphefumla zifakwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 kwimeko kaxakeka. Ngaba zinokusetyenziswa njengamanyathelo kaxakeka? Akukho intubation efunekayo, kwaye isigulane asifuni i-sedatives (eyona nto ngokwayo ingaba yingozi).
Ngokubhekiselele kuluntu lweHack-iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, emva kokuba isiXeko saseNew York sithathe isigqibo sokuba baya kuthatha kuphela i-container e-1 evunyiweyo, ndiyile i-compactor yenkunkuma eqhutywa yi-vacuum yevenkile. Ndasebenzisa enye yezo toti zenkunkuma zeRubbermaid ezizilitha ezingama-96, ndayinqunqa ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinane ngeplywood, ndaza ndawatywina ngevacuum phezulu kwesikhongozeli (esicaba) ngesitywina socango lwerabha. Emva koko, ndasika i-circular piston plywood insert, malunga neemitha ezi-2 ububanzi, kunye ne-cylindrical rubber bladder ene-vulcanized seams. Zonke zitywinwe kwiplywood ngerabha ye-silicone. Ndishiye into encamatheleyo yokucoca ivacuum ukuze ndidibanise isicoci sevenkile. Ezi ngqayi azingeni moya kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Njengomlinganiselo ongxamisekileyo, unokubeka isihlalo okanye isitulo ngaphakathi kwaye wenze umgqomo wenkunkuma ngeplywood kwaye uyitywine ngomngxuma entanyeni. Luluphi uhlobo loxinzelelo olufunekayo kule sixhobo sokungenisa umoya. Ukuba ebengekho esibhedlele, ngaba bendiza kumkhupha umama wam oneminyaka engama-92 ubudala ngomoya nje omnye?
Ndifuna nje ukwazi ukuba lusebenza kangaphi uxinzelelo olubi lwe-iron lung? Baye bagcina imali eninzi kumaxhoba epoliyo, ebenza ukuba baphile kwiiveki ezi-2 kwaye benze abakhubazekileyo basebenze kwakhona-banethemba.
Ngokucacileyo, andiqinisekanga malunga neemfuneko zoyilo oluthile, kodwa kufuneka kubekho inani elikhulu labenzi bemodeli, abenzi beprop, amagcisa ezinto ezikhethekileyo, njl.njl. abasebenza kwaye banokugqiba ngokulula umsebenzi omninzi. Ndenze umsebenzi omningi ofanayo kwimveliso ye-SFX prostheses, isikhunta, iimaski, izixhobo, njl. Nangona i-resin yoma ngokukhawuleza, ithatha iiyure eziliqela kwiyunithi nganye (ukuba nganye ilungiselelwe). Ngokucacileyo, ukuba kuyenzeka, inokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo.
Ukubilisa intsholongwane emanzini kuvakala ngokusemthethweni, kodwa ixesha lokumisa amaconsi amanzi emanzini ashushu aligqibekanga ngokwaneleyo. Ngokufana nemitha ye-ultraviolet kwi-backpack-type yokucoca amanzi efakwe kwi-port exhaust port, umatshini we-PAP unokusetyenziswa kwaye unokubulala iintsholongwane emoyeni ophumayo. Logama nje ukukhanya kukhuselwe, isigulane asiyi kwenzakala imitha ye-ultraviolet.
Umbono wam kukusebenzisa uyilo lwepiston enye esebenzisa imotor elula yombane ukuvelisa istroke efunekayo ukuze kungene umoya. Ukucofa okulula kunokulungelelanisa isantya sokubetha kunye nobungakanani beoksijini, kwaye isikhongozeli samanzi ashushu sisetyenziselwa ukubhobhoza ioksijini. Iindleko zesi sixhobo zinokuba ngaphantsi kweedola ezingama-200, kwaye ixesha lendibano lingaphantsi kweeyure ze-8. Njengoko "i-exhaust" i-stroke ihambisa i-oksijini, i-stroke "yokungena" ingasebenzisa i-valve yendlela enye ukukhupha umoya okhutshweyo ukukhusela ukuxuba umoya.
ye. Umthamo we-piston stroke uya kubalwa njengomthamo oqhelekileyo wokuphefumla, endiwubonile kwitshathi yewebhusayithi, umzekelo 7 cc ngekhilogram yobunzima bomzimba. Le yiprojekthi kwiminyaka yoo-1950 https://blog.modernmechanix.com/diy-iron-lung/. Ndithumele ulwazi kunye nophando endilwenzile kule webhusayithi, kodwa andilufumani ngoku
Ukuba akukho nto yokuphefumla epheleleyo, ingaba ingasetyenziswa ne-concentrator (okanye i-multiple)? Ngaba ushicilelo lwe-3D lwemaski luluncedo kwiskena sefoto ye-3D yomlomo wesigulana?
Ndifunde iimaski eziprintiweyo ze-3D. Ngenxa yesihluzo, kunzima kakhulu. Nceda ubhekisele kweli khonkco lilandelayo kwiimaski zasekhaya: https://www.opensourcemask.com/en/
Molo Albin, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwee-ventilators esijongene nazo, inokuba lukhetho oluhle ukuba unokuchaza into efunekayo kwinkqubo enjalo?
Umzekelo: eyona nto ifanelekileyo kunye neyona nkqubo incinci ifanelekileyo: uxhulumaniso lwe-o2, i-o2 filter, uxhumano lwe-intubation, i-humidifier, ukufudumeza, uxinzelelo olulawulekayo, ukuhamba, njl njl. Ubuncinci: Ngaba ingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kwe-o2? I-Humidifiers kunye nezixhobo zokufudumeza zibonakala zilula ukuzisebenzisa, ngaba ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo kunokulungiswa? Ithini loo mali?
Kwinkqubo evulekileyo, ukuhamba kuya kufuneka kube yi-150 lpm. Jonga i-BiPAP. Kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo, ubuninzi buyi-100 lpm, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe yi-avareji ye-60 lpm. Ngaphandle kwezithuthi, izigulana zinokubulawa yindlala. Uxinzelelo, kufuneka unciphise uxinzelelo ukuya kuma-40 ukuya kuma-45 cmH2O. Ukwenzakala kwemiphunga kwenzeke malunga ne-32 cmH2O. Ndicinga ukuba indlela ekhuselekileyo nelula yokuyakha yokuphuma komoya yindlela yomoya yokukhupha umoya. Faka isicelo soxinzelelo rhoqo kwaye ukhulule rhoqo kwi-0.6 ukuya kwi-1.0 imizuzwana. I-APRV okanye izigaba ezimbini. Le yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokungenisa umoya endiyaziyo. Yonke into oyifunayo yijenereyitha yokuhamba, isixhobo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nendlela yokukhulula ixesha. Le mowudi ayifuni valve yokukroba.
Ngaba esi sixhobo sinika umoya oneoksijini kuphela ngesantya esimiselweyo? Usafuna isixhobo sokulawula ukuphefumla?
Ngeminyaka yee-1950 kunye nee-1960, isebe lomlilo laqala ukuthwala ii-ventilators. Oko kwakungaphambi koqeqesho olusesikweni lwe-EMS lwabachwephesha. Ekugqibeleni baye bakhupha imikhosi kuba benza umonakalo omkhulu kwizigulana ngaphambi kokuba baye esibhedlele. Izinto ezifana nokucinezela kakhulu umphunga owenzakeleyo. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka ulumke kwaye ucebise izixhobo ezizezinye ezingabizi kakhulu.
Ndicinga ukuba usenokuba sele ucinga “ngevalve yemfuno”, esisixhobo esingqukuva esiphathwa ngesandla esineqhosha phezulu. Ewe, zoyikeka. Ngaphakathi koluhlu olukhuselekileyo lwemiphunga yabantu, akukho kukhutshwa koxinzelelo okanye akukho kukhutshwa koxinzelelo. Xhuma ngqo kwi-cylinder.
I-permeator ephindwe kabini okanye kathathu yokulawula ukufuma kwamanzi. Ngeoksijini, andikwazi ukunyibilika kwayo kunye neengxaki zobugcisa
Zombini iziphefumli zinokusebenza (intsimbi yomphunga) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Both_respirator Ngokucacileyo uzakhele ngeplywood?
Kude kube nini ukuqina kwelo dama (ukukhula kubushushu obufanelekileyo)? Ngaba ayisayi kuba ngumthombo wosulelo ngokwayo?
Kuthekani ukuba usebenzisa kuphela iziphefumlo eziqhelekileyo (ezifana ne-cpap), kodwa uphinde ubuyisele i-gas ephumayo kwinkqubo yonyango (i-UV, i-ozone, i-desiccant, i-factory)? Ngale ndlela, inokuphinda ifakwe kwisixhobo sokuphefumla esele sikhona, yonke into oyifunayo yimaski entsha kunye nezixhobo. Yintoni exhalabisayo kukuba ingaba isitywina semaski sinokuvuza ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ukuba amanyathelo amaninzi afunekayo kunyango lomoya, lithini ixabiso / ukubalula konyango olunjalo.
Bendihlala ndizibuza ukuba kuyenzeka na ukuphinda kuqwalaselwe isiphefumlo sesekethe esivaliweyo njengenye indawo?
Ndicinga ukuba kubonakala kulula ukwenza esi sixhobo, kodwa sifuna kwakhona ukucima imimiselo ukuze abantu bathembele kwisixhobo. Ngaba nabani na unazo naziphi na izimvo malunga nendlela yokwenza isixhobo sihambelane ne-ISO? Ngaphandle kokuba iimfuno ezithile zokhuseleko zihlangatyeziwe, andikwazi nje ukusibona isixhobo sisetyenziswa ngokwenene.
Inene kukho izigidi zeecompressor zomoya ezingenaoyile emhlabeni. Abanini kunye neekontraka bazisebenzisela ukwakha. Ungazisebenzisa njani kwipakethe ye-ventilator?
Umyili wesixhobo sonyango ulapha. Ndingathi le yimpompo yomoya efumileyo?
Into endiyibonileyo ezindabeni kukuba abantu abanengxaki yokuphefumla badinga i-intubation ekuqaleni, kodwa ke phantse bahlala bedinga i-ventilator efanelekileyo, ekunzima kakhulu ukuyifumana. Ke ngoko, ukwakha i-ventilator yomthombo ovulekileyo kunokuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo
Ukuba isixhobo esichazwe kweli nqaku “ayisosixhobo sokuphefumla,” yintoni efunekayo ukusindisa ubomi babantu ngexesha lentlekele? Ndicinga ukuba isicwangciso sokwakha i-ventilator evulekileyo sinebhongo kakhulu, kodwa andifuni abantu bachithe ixesha kunye namandla okusombulula ingxaki ngokwakha izixhobo ezingalunganga. Zithini izimvo zakho zonyango?
Kwi-cannula ye-nasal, i-12-volt yepompo yomoya ephathekayo (ehlala isetyenziselwa ukukhupha isondo) ingasetyenziselwa, i-nozzle enqunywe kwi-tube yangaphakathi. Sika isiphelo sombhobho wangaphakathi webhayisekile kwaye uyincamathelise ekupheleni kwe-cap ye-2L yebhotile ukuyitywina. Emva koko inokudityaniswa kwimpompo yomoya ephathekayo ye-12-volt. Kuya kufuneka kufunyanwe indlela yokusebenzisa irhasi yeqamza njengegalelo kwimpompo yerhasi. Iimpompo ze-aquarium nazo zingasetyenziswa.
Bendicinga ngokusika umphezulu webhotile yeplastiki eneelitha ezi-2, ukugrumba imingxunya emincinci kwi-cap yokuphela, kwaye ndifake ilaphu ekugqibeleni njengesihluzo semaski yebhotile, ukuze abantu bazikhusele apho kukho. akukho imaski.
Andiqinisekanga ukuba uza kwenza ntoni, iivents zahlukile kwi-CPAP, kwaye zininzi iimaski ezahlukeneyo. Ingxaki yokuqala ngeemaski kukuba ukuba abakwazi ukucoca iintsholongwane, izinga lokusetyenziswa aliphezulu.
Ngalo lonke ixesha ngokuchaseneyo, kwaye ngaphandle kwebhokisi apha. Ngaba kukho indlela esebenzayo yokuhluza ukuphuma kwe-"nebulized" exhalation enokusetyenziswa nge-CPAP. Kubonakala ngathi wonke umntu endimaziyo une-CPAP. Ngaba kunengqiqo ukusebenzisa i-CPAP njengento yokugqibela xa kungekho mkhathaleli okanye kungekho abanye abantu abakufutshane nabo bangcolisekileyo? Ngaba ilaphu eliveliswe kusetyenziswa izihluzi zomoya oshushu ezikumgangatho ophezulu wasekhaya linokubekwa ebusweni besigulana ngethemba lokumisa intsholongwane ephumayo? Andinayo imfundo yezonyango, ngoko ke ndiza kuzicima zonke ezi ngcamango zilula. Kwakhona, Albin, ngaba uthi asiyonkanula yeempumlo equkuqelayo esiyifunayo, okanye ngaba yenye eyamkelekileyo?
Molo, ndijonge isixhobo esincinci sokuhamba rhoqo. Ifakwe ekupheleni kombhobho. Uxinzelelo luyahlengahlengiswa. Umyinge wokuhamba usekelwe ekuhambeni nokuthotyelwa. Kungenzeka ukuba sinokusebenzisa i-LMA okanye intubation eqhelekileyo.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-ventilator ingasetyenziselwa ukuya kuthi ga kwizigulane ezi-4, ezisisiphumo sokubonakaliswa kwe-MD kaxakeka. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uClq978oohY Uthe olu hlobo lwe-ventilator lusetyenziswe ngempumelelo kukudubula kwesihlwele eVegas ngexesha laseLas Vegas. Ngelo xesha, owayesakuba ngumfundi wakhumbula ngayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ngaphandle kokungena komoya ngokwaneleyo kwiimeko zonxunguphalo, isenokusetyenziswa ukusindisa ubomi.
Inokusetyenziswa kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima, kodwa jonga ukuba imbi kangakanani imeko e-Itali. Isibhedlele sothuswa linani lamatyala amatsha, kwaye oogqirha bafumanisa ukuba benze ukhetho olunzima ekukhetheni ukuba ngubani oza kusebenzisa ii-ventilators kunye nokuba bathumele bani ekhaya.
Kum, ukudibanisa izigulana ezininzi kwi-ventilator kubonakala kusenzeka ngakumbi (kwaye ngokukhawuleza!) kunokwenza i-DIY ventilator. Masenze izinto ezilula ngokwethu, ezi zinto zisenokunceda, ezinje ngeemaski okanye izikhuselo zobuso ekulula ukwenza nasekhaya, ezinje https://hellosewing.com/homemade-plastic-face-shield/ kunye ne-https : // hellosewing.com/face-mask-sewing-pattern/
Isixhobo sokungenisa umoya sisixhobo esihlaselayo, hayi nje i-ventilator - udinga i-HCP enezakhono zokulawula i-ventilator kunye nesigulana. Ewe akukho nto inokwenziwa ekhaya
Asinakusebenzisa iindawo ezisecaleni kwivenkile yehardware ukwenza izixhobo zokuphefumla. Ayinakwandiswa, udinga i-HCW ukuyisebenzisa. Uzenza njani ngesandla ii-ventilators ezingama-30,000 kwiiveki ezimbalwa, uzihambise, uzithumele kwaye uzixhase, kwaye uqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuba basebenze kwaye bazigcine kumazwe ali-100 ahlukeneyo?
Kufuneka sifumane iindlela zokusebenzisa unyango olungaphambanisiyo olungayi kungcolisa indawo yokusebenza kwaye lugcine abantu bekude kwii-ventilators. Oku kuya kosulela abasebenzi bezempilo kwaye kwandise namaxhoba.
Jonga amanye amanqaku am-kufuneka sixhase abantu esele beyazi indlela yokwenza ii-ventilators kunye nemaski, kwaye bayeke ukugcina iimaski kunye negrosari.
“Asifanelanga sizame ukwenza ii-ventilators”-ndiyavumelana noku ngokwembono yepragmatic, kodwa andivumi ukuba kufuneka sikuyeke ukwenziwa kwee-ventilators kwabo sele besazi ukwenza ii-ventilators ukuze zisebenze ngokufanayo. Kuthatha ubuncinci iintsuku ezingama-90 ukuba umzi-mveliso uqalise ukuvelisa ii-ventilators, kunye nexesha elide ukuvelisa inani elifunekayo lee-ventilators. Asinaxesha lingako.
Yintoni ke esinokuyenza? Sinokuqala ngokwenza “inkcazo yokusebenza kwe-ventilator” erekhoda into ekufuneka yenziwe sesi sixhobo, endaweni yokuchaza iinkcukacha zendlela isixhobo ekufuneka siyenze ngayo. Iintlobo zefayile endibhekisa kuzo zixhaphakile kwiinkqubo zesoftware yasendle kunye ne-FDA kunye neenkqubo zeDoD.
Kwishishini lesoftware, kukho into ebizwa ngokuba "ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokuqinisekiswa", enokuqondwa njengomahluko phakathi kwale mibuzo mibini: 1) Ngaba senza imveliso efanelekileyo? (Uyilo lwethu luya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi) 2) Ngaba iimveliso esizenzileyo zichanekile? (Iimveliso zethu zihambelana noyilo lwethu)
Iinkqubo ezinjengokungaboneleli kancinci kwee-ventilators kufuneka zihlangabezane nothotho lweemfuno ezihambelanayo ezivela kwabaninzi abachaphazelekayo abadla ngokungqubana. Ukuze ugweme uxanduva, amagqwetha esibhedlele adla ngokuthatha indawo “yokuvumela isigulane sife kunokusebenzisa isixhobo esingaqinisekiswanga”. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zonyango ezinobuchule ziqinisekile ukuba izixhobo ezingaqinisekisiweyo abaziqhelileyo zinokusindisa abaguli kwimfuno. Ukuba banokunikela ngendlela yokunciphisa uxanduva, ngokuqhelekileyo bakulungele ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezikhethekileyo. Impumelelo yaso nasiphi na isixhobo esinjalo sixhomekeke ekuboneleleni ngendlela evumela amagqwetha, abalawuli besibhedlele kunye nabanye abasebenzi ukuba “bahlambulule” ngokubonelela ngezikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo ukuze zihambelane neemeko ezikhethekileyo, kuba indlela inobuchule bobugcisa benkqubo efanelekileyo.
Iinkcukacha zokusebenza zingasetyenziswa njengesikhokelo, ukusuka kumashishini amancinci anezixhobo ezilinganayo ukuya kwiinkampani zeteknoloji yezonyango zendabuko (ezifana ne-Medtronics) kunye naManzi afakwe apha. Inika iinkcukacha abachaphazelekayo abachaphazelekayo (oogqirha, iteknoloji yezonyango, abalawuli bezibhedlele, amagqwetha esibhedlele, njl. njl.) kwaye ichaza iinkxalabo ezahlukahlukeneyo zomthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye ukubonelela ngeqondo eliphezulu lokuqonda okusingqongileyo apho inkqubo kufuneka ilungelelanise. Uxwebhu olunjalo luchaza iimfuno ngokubhekiselele kwi-interfaces, ukuze umyili ngamnye akwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguquguqukayo, kunye neenkcukacha zendlela yokuvavanya nokudala naziphi na izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi mfuno zifezekisiwe.
Iinkcukacha zokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo zingumxholo obonelelwa yi-DOD okanye i-FDA kwiikontraki ezifuna ukubhida ukuyila kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo kwaye banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Ikhontraktha nganye ke ibonelela ngeenkcukacha zoyilo ezineenkcukacha ezibonisa ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo adityanisiweyo ngendlela yokwenza izixhobo zokusebenza.
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kufuneka sigxininise iinzame zethu ezihlangeneyo kule ndawo ukuze sinikeze "amandla" kwezinye iinzame zobuchwepheshe. Ukuqwalasela inani lamaqela anomdla, ndiyakholelwa kwakhona ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nezo zinkulu, izixhobo zokuvelisa ezingenakuguquguquka ezizama ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zingasetyenziswa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Kwishishini lezempilo, ungqongqo onjalo Umgangatho unokuvumela iimeko ezininzi ezikhethekileyo.
"Nangona kunjalo, ingcali yezonyango enobuchule iqinisekile ukuba izixhobo ezingaqinisekanga aziqhelileyo zinokuhlangula izigulane njengoko zifunwa, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungele ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezikhethekileyo."
Ayinantsingiselo kubakhuphisana ukuba basebenzise i-30,000 yee-ventilator zendlu enabasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga-ukungenisa umoya bubugcisa obunezakhono ezihlala zifuna ukuthomalalisa kunye ne-intubation. Awunakuvumela abantu ukuba bafunde umxholo ngaphandle kwebhokisi, kwaye awukwazi ukuwajika ube ziingcali zokungenisa umoya.
Isiqinisekiso sesixhobo sonyango esiyimfihlo sifuna uyilo lwemveliso kwindawo yophuhliso elawulwa ngumgangatho. Yiloo nto eyenza izibhedlele kunye nabasebenzi bagcwele ukuzithemba. Ngaba ungavumela umntu ukuba enze utyando olungenasidanga kuwe? Okanye ufuna ukubona isatifikethi eludongeni xa undwendwela ingcali?
Usapho ucinga ukuba kuya kukuthatha ukuba uqhelane nesixhobo esitsha, izixhobo eziza naso, ifuthe laso kwimpilo yezigulana, kunye neziphumo zokungasiqondi? Lonto ithetha ukuba ubulele umntu? Ukuba ukusebenza kwesixhobo ngasinye kulandelwa ngokukhawuleza ngolungelelwaniso kunye nesatifikethi, ngaba ukusebenza kwesixhobo ngasinye kuya kwahluka? Okanye ngaba impazamo kwisoftware kuba yenzelwe ngumntu ongenabuchule bokuphefumla kwaye ayizange ivavanywe ngokungqongqo?
Ngoku, anditsho ukuba ukuba bendinokusindisa ubomi, andizukusebenzisa iingxowa zeplastiki kunye neenjini zokucima umoya ukwenza into-kodwa ayifani nokuzama ukusindisa ubomi besigidi-ingakumbi xa ungenayo. isigidi I-HCW iyabakhathalela.
Umqobo omkhulu kwi-BIG kukuphepha ukuvelisa i-aerosolized, i-virus-ezaliswe yi-exhaled breath-iya kosulela abasebenzi bezonyango kunye nokhathalelo oluphuthumayo luya kuhla-kwaye lwandise inani lokufa.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukubonelela ngekhonkco lokubonelela ngee-ventilators kunye nokufikelela kwimarike yabantu abayaziyo into abayenzayo. Baye banyusa imveliso yabo ukuya kwi-100% kwaye bahlengahlengisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno.
https://newsroom.resmed.com/news-releases/news-details/2020/ResMed-Statement-on-COVID-19/default.aspx
“Malunga nezixhobo zokwakha kwindawo yolawulo olusemgangathweni”, andiqinisekanga ukuba zingaphi iinkcukacha zokusebenza okanye iinkcukacha zovavanyo ozibhalileyo. Ndicinga ukuba akukho kakhulu.
1) Iinkqubo "eziqhelekileyo" ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezifana nezixhobo zonyango kunye neenqwelomoya. Ngelixa wamkela inkqubo yovavanyo oluncinci "Hamba / Hayi-Hamba" ukuxhasa imveliso yobuninzi, ikwagxininisa kulawulo lomgangatho wenkqubo yokuvelisa. (Ukuba zonke iinxalenye zenqwelomoya azifezekanga, aziyi kukwazi ukubhabha.) Kwezo zixokelelwano ezingasoze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithotyiweyo, le nkqubo lulungiselelo olungagqibekanga.
2) Uphuhliso lwemveliso ejolise kuvavanyo, olungagxininisi umgangatho wokuvelisa kakhulu, kodwa lugxininisa uvavanyo olungqongqo ukubonisa ukuthembeka kwayo kokwenyani ngaphakathi kokunyamezelana okuthile kunokuthembeka kwethiyori.
Ngaba wakha wanamava ukuba unokwenza uvavanyo kunye nesoftware yokuzivavanya ukuze uqinisekise nasiphi na isixhobo, kodwa ukuba umsebenzi womenzi wayo ungaphezulu kwenqanaba lokuthembeka elichaziweyo okanye ngaphambi kokuba lisetyenziswe endle, inokuqinisekiswa?
I-1) Lawula indawo yezixhobo zokuvelisa, kwaye unethemba lokuba izixhobo ze-HELL azonakaliswa ngexesha lokuthutha esibhedlele okanye ukufakwa? I-2) Ngovavanyo olufakwe ngaphakathi, uvavanyo lunokuqinisekisa inqanaba lokuthembeka phezulu kancinci kunomgangatho wokuthembeka okwamkelekileyo kwisiza. Emva kokuba udibaniswe kwaye ulungele ukusetyenziswa, umngcipheko obandakanyekayo kwiNombolo ye-1 uyagwenywa?
Ndingumseki kunye ne-CEO yenkampani eyila, iphuhlisa kwaye ithengise izixhobo zonyango. Ndichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-40 ndiphuhlisa izixhobo zonyango, kubandakanywa i-Class III implants esebenzayo, njenge:-pacemaker-implantable defibrillator-intensive care monitoring monitor-insulin pump-heart monitor-pacing Inkqubo yokuvavanya isixhobo isoloko ikummandla wophuhliso wolawulo lomgangatho. ngokuhambelana ne-IS0-113485 kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango kunye nemigangatho yesoftware.
Ewe, ndiyinxalenye “yeNgcaciso yokuSebenza kunye neNgcaciso yoVavanyo” endiyibhalileyo ndaza ndasebenza kuyo. Ewe-ndiyayiqonda isoftware yokuzivavanya-ndilibele ukukhankanya Im, isazinzulu sekhompyuter esineminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 yamava endle-kuquka isoftware yokufakelwa izixhobo kunye nenkqubo kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo.
Ndicinga ukuba awuzange uphuhlise isixhobo sonyango, ngaphandle koko, ngaphezu kwemveliso yangempela, uya kuqonda kwakhona imigangatho elawula inkqubo yoyilo kunye nokuchongwa komngcipheko. Awukwazi ukuchonga zonke iingozi ngokuvavanya iinkqubo zokuvelisa okanye iimveliso, kwaye isofthiwe ayikwazi ukuvavanya yonke ingozi. Isoftware ikuvavanya njani ukuthembeka koomatshini besekethe ye-ventilator-okanye ukuba umoya okhutshwe sisigulana unentsholongwane ye-aerosolized-inokosulela abasebenzi bezonyango?
Abanye abalandeli bale misonto bawele kumgibe wolawulo lwengcaciso- "Ndingayila isixhobo esingcono kunawe."
Uqikelelo lwakho “lobuncinane beentsuku ezingama-90” zokuba ishishini liqalise ukusebenzisa ii-ventilators alulunganga ngokupheleleyo. Abantu abayaziyo into abayenzayo baphumelele kuzo zonke iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, umthamo kwindawo yolawulo lomgangatho uphindaphindeke kathathu, kwaye amawaka ezixhobo ziye zathunyelwa kwiiveki zamva nje.
Le yenye yazo…Kuphela e-United States + eYurophu, ubuncinci amanye amazwe aliqela akwenzayo oku. https://newsroom.resmed.com/news-releases/news-details/2020/ResMed-Statement-on-COVID-19 / default.aspx
Ngoko - phendula umbuzo wakho "Ndixelele; yeyiphi i-metric enokubonelela ngentembeko ephezulu ekuthembekeni? "
Ngoku ungabona ukukhululwa okungxamisekileyo kule migangatho apha… https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/emergency-situations-medical-devices/emergency-use-authorizations
Kodwa olu tshintsho lusebenza ekuguqulweni kwezixhobo eziye zayilwa kwaye zaqinisekiswa "ngabantu abaziyo into abayenzayo"** kwaye ziguqulelwe kule njongo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokulawula umgangatho ofanayo.
Abaduni abanakuze bakwazi ukugcina isantya sabavelisi abakhoyo, abanezixhobo ezaneleyo, ukuyila, izibonelelo, iinkqubo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle, ikhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokusabalalisa inethiwekhi, inokusekelwe ekusebenzeni okufanelekileyo, ukuthembeka kunye nokuzithemba-kunokuTraceability. kunye nenethiwekhi yenkxaso.
Sisixhobo sokuzikhusela kubasebenzi bezonyango abangaphambili, kwaye inabasebenzi bezonyango aboneleyo. Sijongene nomngcipheko wokungabi nayo i-HCW yangaphambili eyaneleyo yokuhambisa nokulawula inani loomatshini esele bethunyelwe. Ukuba umatshini uqhekeziwe kwaye usetyenziswe kakubi, ubeka umngcipheko wokosulela abasebenzi bezonyango, abathi emva koko babe zizigulane, ezibangela umjikelezo owonakalisayo kwimigca engaphambili, ekhokelela ekwandeni kokufa.
Sonke sinokulawula ukusasazeka kwezifo ngokuguqula indlela esiziphatha ngayo, nto leyo eya kuzisa utshintsho olukhulu-ugxininise kucoceko, ukufuduswa ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuyeka ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukukhathalela abo basweleyo, kunye nokubonelela ngegalelo kubavelisi abajongene nokunqongophala (njengePPE) ubonelele ngenkxaso yekhonkco lonikezelo.
"Yazi ukuba ucinga ukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuqhelana nesixhobo esitsha, izixhobo eziza naso, kunye nefuthe laso kwimpilo yezigulana"
Ewe, kuba ujongene nobunini endaweni yokuvula inkcazo yokusebenza, oku kujoliso lwenqaku lam lonke. Bonke ababoneleli abangabanini kufuneka baqulunqe iinkcukacha zoyilo kunye neenkcukacha zovavanyo lomntu ngamnye ezihlangabezana neemfuno ze-FDA. Ukuba i-FDA okanye i-DOD njengomthengi ufuna ukuhambisa inkqubo, baya kudala inkcazo yokusebenza ngaphakathi kwaye bayisebenzise ukwenza isicelo sesiphakamiso. Urhulumente uya kusebenzisa imilinganiselo yakhe yokusebenza ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwazo naziphi na iinkcukacha zovavanyo aze ke axabise inkqubo entsha.
Ngaba ukhe wasebenzisa uMarlin kumshicileli we-3D? Into enomdla kukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba uluphi uhlobo lomshicileli oyisebenzisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi i-hardware oyisebenzisayo, ungasebenzisa imenyu efanayo kunye noqwalaselo ukuvula i-firmware efanayo.
e… ivakala njengendlela enokunceda ukubeka emgangathweni ujongano lweqela loomatshini abasebenzisa ihardware eyahlukeneyo kodwa bayilelwe ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo.
Kutheni kufuneka kusetyenziswe ioksijini ecocekileyo? Kutheni umoya oqhelekileyo ungalunganga? Ngaba lo ngumbuzo woxanduva lokungcola okusemoyeni?
Kutheni le nto kungafuneki ukuba siphefumle umoya ofumileyo xa siphefumla ngaphandle kokomisa inwebu yamehlo? Ngaba ukufumiswa komoya kuphela kwendlela yokuthintela inwebu yamafinya ukuba yome?
https://www.ventilaid.org/ Eli linqanaba lokuqala leprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo. Luthini uluvo lwakho?
Ngaba ayilulo uxinzelelo olubi lomzimba womntu usebenzisa unyango lweoksijini yeyona ndlela inokwenzeka “yomthombo ovulekileyo”? Ayizizo zonke iimeko ezifuna intubation. Enyanisweni, ezinye iiphononongo zibonise ukuxilongwa okungcono kunye nokubuyisela imiphunga.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngaba i-biphasic chest ventilator ingabanceda? Umntu unokwenza igumbi elinoxinzelelo lweplanga, kwaye emva koko asebenzise ipiston ukumpompa umoya kwityhubhu ye-pvc enikwa amandla ngumxubi othe nkqo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiKitchenAid), kunye nechweba loqhagamshelo lokusebenzisa i-crank ehlengahlengiswayo yestroke?
Kutheni singenako ukulungisa ukukhutshwa komoya oshushu/ocinezelweyo wenqwelo-moya yejethi njengeBoeing 737… Guqula umthamo womoya njengoko kufuneka, susa zonke iibhedi zofakelo lwezitulo, kwaye usebenzise inqwelo-moya njengesixhobo sokuphefumla se-ICU… isibulali-zintlungu njengawe Utitshala unokucela ulwazi olufunekayo lwe-psi kunye nobushushu…Le nto'nangona intle, kodwa ngokwethiyori inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha, indawo, ukhuseleko, kwaye ibonelele ngokungena komoya njengoko kufuneka…
Xa ndithetha inyani, andiqinisekanga ukuba le ngcebiso inyanisekile na…kodwa igama elithi “khuselekile” kufuneka ligxininiswe.
Ngaphandle kokuba "isiDatshi" esayiniweyo sisenzo esisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukukrokra-njengokuthi "Ukuba kuyenzeka, ndingumDatshi".
E-UK, basebenzisa umthombo ovulekileyo ukwenza izixhobo zokuphefumla ezilula. Izixhobo zoomatshini zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwebhokisi yeplexiglass. Batyhala umoya ngokuguqula uxinzelelo kwibhokisi, ngaloo ndlela becinezela izixhobo zoomatshini. Bayila izixhobo ze-elektroniki zokuyiqhuba. Ndiyazi ukuba unokuseta isixhobo esicwangcisiweyo esikhoyo nanini na ukusiqhuba. Ezi zinokugqitywa ngeentsuku ezimbalwa. Kulula, kodwa ziyasebenza.
Andiyiboni intsingiselo yokusebenzisa unikezelo lomoya ocinezelweyo ukucinezela iingxowa ze-Ambu ukuvelisa umoya oxinanisiweyo. Isikhwama se-Ambu senzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabaqeqeshi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle, abanokulungelelanisa ubunzulu boxinzelelo kunye nexesha ngokweemfuno zesigulane xa umoya oxinyiweyo ungafumaneki.
Ukuba sele unomoya ocinezelweyo, ungasebenzisa ivalve elawulayo (efana nevalve elawulayo kwitanki yokuntywila) ukufikelela ngokulula naziphi na iingenelo zoxinzelelo lothintelo lwengxowa kunye nomthamo-akukho mbane ufunekayo, kwaye sele ukhona.
Ukuba akukho mlawuli kunye ne-feedback loop ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezigulane, ayinakunceda ekliniki. Ayisoze yamkelwe eziklinikhi. Ayinakwandiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno.
Abavelisi be-ventilator "yokwenyani" banyuka ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kwaye baya kuzisa iimveliso "eziqinisekisiweyo" kwintengiso ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe isisombululo. Banoyilo oluqinisekisiweyo, ulawulo lomgangatho, ikhonkco lobonelelo oluqinisekisiweyo, amandla okuvelisa ubuninzi, kunye nokusabalalisa kunye nothungelwano lwenkxaso.
Umzekelo https://newsroom.resmed.com/news-releases/news-details/2020/ResMed-Statement-on-COVID-19/default.aspx
Ukuba ayidityaniswanga ngokufanelekileyo kwisigulane, ukuvelisa ukuhamba komoya akuyi kusombulula ingxaki. Ngaba ezi zinto ziya kubonelela ngokhuseleko kwimigca kunye nemaski? Baza kuzilawula njani ii-aerosols ezigcwele yintsholongwane ezinokosulela abasebenzi bezonyango kwaye zibaguqule babe zizigulana, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuweni kokhathalelo lokuqala lwezonyango, ngokwandisa inani lokusweleka?
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, nokuba kusetyenziswe impompo yomoya ye-aquarium, i-3D eprintiweyo yokulawula ukuhamba, umsebenzi wayo ufana nevalve yoxinzelelo ukufezekisa uluhlu oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo. Andindedwa, kodwa ndizama ukubala ifomula yemathematika ye-PEEP ukwenza isithinteli sokujikeleza esishukumayo esiqhagamshelwe kwimpompo yomoya ngombhobho. Xa umoya ongenayo ufinyelelwe, oku kuya kuvala ukuhamba komoya, ukuvumela ukuba umoya ukhululwe. Aba balawuli banokwenziwa bafaneleke okanye bacinywe. Uxolo, inqanaba lam lemfundo kunyango lokuphefumla aliphezulu.
Molo, singasebenzisa umatshini wethu wecpap wasekhaya kwi-covid19 ebuthathaka? iluncedo? Ukuba akunjalo, zeziphi iikhrayitheriya zokuwenza usebenze?
Loluphi uhlobo lwepeyinti olu hlobo lweprojekthi kwi-Facebook? Kuphela "abantu" abasekho kwi-Facebook yi-troll yaseRashiya / i-disinformation bots kunye nabantu abaziziyatha. Ithamsanqa kwaye ufumane igalelo lobuchwephesha apho!
Ndathi, xhoma impompo encinci yomoya efana ne-monitor ye-blood pressure kwi-jeneretha ye-oxygen eyenziwe ngokwayo, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla: i-hydrogen peroxide kunye namazambane kwibhotile yeplastiki. -> https://www.crappie.com/crappie/live-bait/349144-homemade-oxygen-generator-cost-8-a/
Ukuhamba kwezo mpompo zincinci kuphantsi kakhulu. Into oyifunayo iyafana nesixhobo sokuvuthela esisetyenziswa koomatshini be-CPAP. Ezo zinokuprintwa yi-3D-ndiyenzile. Imodeli yenqwelomoya ye-10 yeedola ingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngokujikeleza nge-brushless DC motor, kwaye ixabiso lokuqhuba limalunga ne-$ 10-15. Uyakwazi ukususa ingxaki ye-BLDC motor evunwe kwii-hard drives ezindala. Bona: https://drmrehorst.blogspot.com/2018/04/the-mother-of-all-print-cooling-fans.html
Ikhonkco elilungileyo leenjini zeBLDC. Ndiyavuma ukuba esi sisisombululo esinomdla kakhulu, kodwa ndicinga ukuba i-PLA kwizinto eziphathekayo ayikho indlela efanelekileyo yokuqhubela phambili. Ndincoma ukusebenzisa inayiloni PA12 okanye PP okanye nokuba aluminiyam ukwandisa amandla amalungu.
Enyanisweni, oku akuyi kusebenza kakuhle. Udinga umthamo othe kratya kunye neoksijini eninzi. Khangela oku: https://rebelem.com/high-flow-nasal-cannula-hfnc-part-1-how-it-works/ Isishwankathelo: Iiyunithi zorhwebo zihambisa i-21-100% kwizinga le-50-100 ilitha / umz O2. Nangona usebenzisa isisombululo esinamandla seperoxide (10%), udinga isixa esikhulu ngosuku nje olunye. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuvelisa ioksijini luxinzelelo lwe-swing adsorption, emva koko ufuna kuphela impompo enkulu kancinci, ezinye iivalvu kunye neekholamu ezimbini ze-zeolite.
Ukuphefumla nako kunokuba yingozi. Intsimbi engenastainless isenokungena kwimichiza.
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/59305/production-of-hexavalent-chromium-during-electrolysis-using-a-stainless-steel-as
Akukacaci ukuba intsholongwane inokuphila ixesha elide ngaphandle kwamathontsi e-aerosol, kwaye ukuba iqondo elithile lokunyuka kobushushu lenza lingasebenzi kwaye likwazi ukuchacha kwindawo efanelekileyo ngakumbi, i-Yintoni enokusinda kwintsholongwane ayicacanga. Ukufudumeza ngokucokisekileyo kwigalelo lomoya elinikeziweyo kufana neqanda elibethiweyo, kuba ukuxuba okungonelanga kunokwenzeka kwaye awuzange "upheke" ngokupheleleyo enye yayo. Ewe, unako ukudlula umoya ngompu wokushisa kwaye uwukhuphe kwiqondo lokushisa lama-200 ° C, kodwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, yintoni into ejikeleze umda, oko kukuthi, umoya odibeneyo okanye into evuza ngokuthe ngqo. ngaphandle kokuba shushu . Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, nangona unakho ukuyenza, kubonakala ngathi umzamo omkhulu uya kutyalwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ungayenza.
Ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka sikhathazeke ngamathontsi kuphela. Ingcebiso ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kukuba banokufikelela kuphela malunga neemitha ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuwa. Emva koko, sinokusebenzisa inkqubo yomthamo ophezulu ocetyiswa yi-FEMA kwezinye zezinto zabo zokwakha izindlu zenyukliya kwaye sisebenzise umbhobho womoya oneebhaffle ezininzi. Oku kukwenza indlela yomoya ijijeke kwaye ulahle amasuntswana ngokujika. Sinokwenza ngokukhawuleza ezi zinto kwiipleyiti zensimbi, kwaye emva koko siphathe / isitya ngesisombululo se-copper sulfate ukwenzela ukuba iintsholongwane eziqokelelweyo zingaboli apho. Amanye amanyathelo nawo anokusetyenziswa, njengemitha ye-ultraviolet enamandla kunye nokufudumeza.
Sifuna uluhlu lweendleko ezifana nezakhiwo. (Mhlawumbi isixhobo sokwenza imaphu yengqondo ye-intanethi esinokufikelelwa liqela)
Itekhnoloji (ukuphakamisa umoya / umzuzu, ukukhutshwa kwengcinezelo-ngaphakathi nangaphandle, utshintsho kwizinga lentliziyo kunye nokuphefumla, igalelo kunye nemveliso ye-Uv kunye ne-ultrasonic decontamination, i-O2 ivalela i-wave wave ukuhlalutya ukuchithwa kwangaphandle, ukulinganisa kwe-O2, CO2, NO2, umswakama, ukushisa , kunye Ubushushu obuchanekileyo bokufudumala kwe-IR ukuvelisa ukufuma okungenazintsholongwane, izongezo ze-oyile ezibalulekileyo
Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-harnass trachea, icompressor yomoya, impompo yomoya, isibane se-UV ye-aquarium, isibane se-IR, umthombo we-ultrasonic kunye nokuthintela amaza kunye nokulungelelaniswa kakuhle kwe-electrolyte.
Uyilo lwaso nasiphi na isixhobo sifuna ukujonga iimfuno zombane zesixhobo ngasinye. Inkqubo yombane yesibhedlele ayifanelekanga ukugqithiswa kwesekethe. Into esingayifuniyo yenzeke kukuplaga izixhobo zombane ezininzi kakhulu kwaye kubangele umbane ucime ngenxa yokugcwala kwesekethe! Oku kubi ngakumbi kunokungabi nazo ii-ventilator ezaneleyo.
Ngokoluvo lwam, injongo yoku kukuthintela abantu ukuba bangazikhathazi ngokufa kunokuba banikwe iziqinisekiso.
Ngaphandle kwamazwe aphuhlileyo apho kufuneka sibe nezixhobo kunye namayeza angaphantsi okanye angaphantsi ngokwaneleyo (ukuba sijonga i-Italiya, asinayo, kodwa eli lelinye ibali), kodwa nceda uqwalasele ihlabathi lesithathu, ukuba le ntsholongwane isasazeka e-Afrika, Iimbacu e-Bangladesh nase-Syria, zonke zimoshakele, kwaye ziya kuthwala naluphi na uxanduva xa ziqengqeleka kwaye zifa. Cinga ngamahlwempu akwiindawo ezithwaxwa bubuhlwempu, kuba abantu abangoowethu banembopheleleko yokuziphatha yokubanceda baphile.
Ndilivolontiya le-DIY eliqalayo eMntla Afrika. Ukuba nabani na kuni unokubonelela ngeseti yemiyalelo kunye noluhlu olulula kakhulu, ndiza kuxhobisa umongikazi walapha ekhaya ngee-ventilators ezingxamisekileyo. Ayengalungiselelanga kwaphela, yaye ayekhathazwa kukuba amaxwebhu ayejikwa bubushushu obuzolileyo bomnyango wangaphambili. Ndiyavuya ukuba nonke nikwindawo apho nisenako ukuya ekliniki okanye esibhedlele. Ukuba iyanceda ingxoxo, ndingasebenzisa umatshini omdala we-philips we-CPAP kwimeko kaxakeka. Ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu uya kosulelwa xa ecinga nzulu ukusebenzisa le nto, kwaye usulelo alusayi kuba yingxaki.
https://blog.modernmechanix.com/diy-iron-lung/ Lo mphunga wentsimbi we-diy wasindisa ubomi obuninzi ngexesha lobhubhani wepoliyo kwiminyaka yama-50 kumazwe ehlabathi lesithathu.
Ndisebenza kwisibhedlele sase-UK. Sisebenzisa ikhiphedi yamanani/inkqubo yolawulo lofikelelo ngokubanzi. Ndiyile isitshixo/uhlobo lwesitshixo into enokuprintwa nge-3D emva koko isetyenziswe ukuvula umnyango webhodi yezitshixo ngaphandle kokuchukumisa ikhibhodi okanye umqheba.
Wow, wenze kakuhle. Ngokwenyani, andikholelwa ukuba isibhedlele sisebenzisa ikhibhodi ukwenza igalelo. Ukungakhuselekanga (okanye ukuphicothwa, njl.), kwaye kukho umngcipheko ocacileyo wokusuleleka.
Akukho nto ikhuseleke ngokwenene, kwaye ikhibhodi ecocwe ngokufanelekileyo (yonke into kufuneka ibe sesibhedlele) ikhuselekile ngokwaneleyo (nangona ngokucacileyo ayifanelekanga). Kodwa yeyiphi ikhibhodi esebenzayo-inokuxelela nabani na ongena ebaleni. Ukuba uthenga ikhadi le-ID elinomgca wemagnethi, udinga iqela labasebenzi "abachwepheshile". Njengoko isikhundla sabasebenzi bezonyango sitshintsha okanye wonke umntu kubasebenzi unokungena kuwo nawuphi na umnyango (kungakhathaliseki ukuba uyamkeleka okanye cha), qhubeka uqinisekisa, ugunyazise kwaye urhoxise uGunyaziso) ... Ukuba ufuna kuphela ikhadi elichanekileyo okanye i-clone, iya kuba bangela ukuphazamiseka kwaye ayisayi kuphinda ikhuseleke.
Sinamakhadi esazisi malunga nabasebenzi abayi-2k. Abasebenzi abane kwisebe le-IT balawula yonke eminye imisebenzi kuthungelwano. Kukho amaqela azimeleyo e-hardware kunye neewebhusayithi. Ingxaki kukuba, xa uzisa isisombululo kwaye kuthatha iveki okanye ezimbini ukuvelisa amakhadi oshishino kumawaka okanye abantu abaninzi, kodwa xa sele isekiwe kwaye ukujikeleza kwakho kwabasebenzi akukho nkulu, ukuhamba kwabantu abatsha kunye nabantu abadala Yiba controllable.
Njengoko uFoldi-One watshoyo…ziluncedo ngokwenene, ubukhulu becala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingakhuselekanga kangako...oko kukuthi, ii-ofisi zethu ze-IT (lol), abacoci kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla ezingeyongozi neendawo ezifanayo. Iibrashi zemagnethi kunye nezitshixo ezilungileyo zakudala nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ndifika nje eManor bandinika ihandle/knob endala, ndenzela itest ekhaya ndingaqhubeki novavanyo.
Ewe, ndenza abanye abaqokeleli bothuli kwiphenyane elibhityileyo ukuze bavule zonke iingcango ezityibilikayo ukunqanda ukosuleleka. Ndihlala ndixakwa yinto yokuba emva kokuhlamba izandla zam, kufuneka nditsale umqheba wokuphuma ecanteen okanye indlu yangasese, ndibambe zonke iintsholongwane ezishiywe ngabantu abangazihlambi izandla…yigqibe https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4217660
um, ewe. . . Le ibisisithandwa sam iminyaka emininzi. Xa uphuma kwindlu yangasese kawonke-wonke, kufuneka ubambe/utsale umqheba wocango. Bendisoloko ndizibuza ukuba kutheni beyilungelelanise ngolu hlobo, becinga ukuba kungcono ukubamba/utsale umqheba, uze utyhale ucango luvuleke ngeenyawo xa uphuma (gcina imfuneko yokubamba umqheba omdaka ngesandla esicocekileyo). Emva koko omnye wandicacisela ukuba bayisingathe njani, ngoko ke ukuba umntu uthe wawa kwindlu yangasese okanye efuna uncedo, unokukhaba ucango angene. Ndicinga ukuba oku kuyavakala: (
Enyanisweni, phantse zonke iingcango zegumbi lokuhlambela zinendlela ekulula ukuyivula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inokuvulwa kuphela nge-screwdriver okanye into efana ne-screwdriver. Ukuba unexhala lokuba kukho umntu owileyo, usenokungafuni ukukhaba ucango entloko. Hayi, igumbi lokuhlambela kunye nezinye iingcango ezininzi zivuleleka ngaphakathi, ngoko xa uvula ucango, awuyi kubetha ucango kubantu abahamba phantsi kweholo.
Hayi, oku akuzona zonke iingcango zezindlu zangasese endizibonileyo kwiminyaka eyi-20 edlulileyo (ngexesha lokuhamba, ngokuqhelekileyo sineekhonkco zetsimbi okanye i-latches, kwaye kwi-90s, sasingenayo imali yokuvuselela iindawo, ngoko ke izakhiwo ezindala zinezisombululo zakudala. ) Ewe Tshixa. Izinto ezivulwe ngaphandle ngengqekembe okanye nasiphi na esinye isikrudrayiva.
Utitshala wam we-epidemiology wakhe wathi: Xa usigqibile isidanga sakho kwi-microbiology, uluhlobo lomntu ovula ucango ngetshefu, okanye umntu otya phantsi, ukuba ndenza umsebenzi wam ngokuLungileyo, hamba uyothenga itshefu. Phantse ndihlala ndinxiba ijezi, ngakumbi kuba ndiyakwazi ukuvula umnyango ngomkhono wam. Khanyisa/ cima izibane, hambisa izitulo, njl.njl. Ndihambe iintsuku ezine ezidlulileyo ndingaphathanga naziphi na izinto ezichukunyiswe ngumntu ongaphandle kwendlu yam.
Molo, ndingumntu ongazi nto ngo MD. Ngaba ucinga ukuba amanye amazwe ahluphekayo anokusebenzisa itanki yeoksijini yeenjini zeentlanzi ukwenza iiVENTILATOR?
Ewe, ukuba kuyafuneka ukwakha indlu, ngaba indlela endala “yemiphunga yomthi” ingakhethwa ngakumbi? https://blog.modernmechanix.com/diy-iron-lung/
Iphepha lesibini lesiza limdaka kancinci, enye ikopi https://archive.org/stream/PopularMechanics1952/Popular_Mechanics_01_1952#page/n259/mode/2up
Mhlawumbi kukho indlela yokuhlaziya uyilo. Umzekelo, iitanki zentsimbi yedizili zilingana okanye zinkulu njengemiphunga yentsimbi. Kusekho iitanki zeoyile ezimbalwa ezithe zasilela ngenxa yomhlwa okanye ivacuum egqithisileyo. Ezi zisebenzisa iingcango zokugcinwa kwentsimbi ezinamatywina oxinzelelo lwerabha. Susa umnyango kunye nomnyango wesakhelo sendibano kwaye uyidibanise kwitanki yamafutha.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-subwoofer njengesithethi kunye ne-motor yepompo. Uya kufuna abaqhubi abaninzi, kwaye ukuba awususi ubuncinci umoya ongephi njengemiphunga yakho, unokwenza imeko ibe mandundu, kodwa kwicala eliqaqambileyo, kulula kakhulu ukuyilawula. Ubuncinci iqela lePost COVID19 aliyi kuswela ii-subwoofers ze-DIY.
Oku kuvakala njengobuchule obusetyenziswa kwizifo ezithile zokuphefumla, apho kukho isigcina-sifuba esingcangcazelayo esijikeleze isifuba. Andiqinisekanga ukuba ukuphefumla okukhawulezayo nokungekho nzulu kuya kunceda kakhulu. Indlela ye-iron emiphunga ngokwayo ayonelanga kancinane, kodwa idityaniswe nentente yeoksijini esisigxina inokusebenza kwezinye izigulana. Inzuzo yokwenyani kukuba ayisiyiyo i-DIY. Ndihlala ndicinga ukuba ukuxhaswa kwangaphambili kwezixhobo ezinjalo kunokuthintela imfuno yeemveliso ezingcono kwixesha elizayo, kodwa andinguye uDokotela.
Ke ngoko, akuqinisekwanga ukuba isantya sezi nkqile sinokuqhutywa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ndiyabona ukuba bangaphi abantu abanokubonelela ngokuhamba komoya okwaneleyo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba bahambe kwii-hertz ezimbalwa, abayi kukwazi ukwenza naluphi na uxinzelelo. Ngaphandle kokuba ucinga ngeevalvu ezikhawulezayo, ziya kuvelisa uxinzelelo xa zisebenza kweyona frequency isezantsi kwimizuzwana embalwa.
Banokuhamba ngokucothayo njengoko ufuna, ukungcangcazela kunokuba yinto eyongezelelweyo, kwaye isiphelo esisezantsi sempendulo sikhawulelwe ngokuhamba, yiyo loo nto ufuna abaqhubi abaninzi. Uqikelelo olusulungekileyo yi-12 x 12 intshi yokuqhuba. Ukuba i-voltage yokuqhuba iphantsi kwaye intshukumo iyacotha, inokuqhutywa ngokusisiseko ukusuka kunikezelo lwamandla eDC. Tshintshela i-polarity ukutshintsha i-drive direction.
Imbono yam ikwanguRobert, kwaye ndiyaqonda ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onokufumana yonke into naphi na, kodwa i-tryna ithatha indawo ye-100 yeedola-njongo yemoto kunye ne-bass cone enkulu exabisa amakhulu ambalwa eedola ibonakala iyinto yokucinga ngayo.
@Umbono kaMurray wokusebenzisa lo mzobo wesithethi ukrelekrele kakhulu. Ukwandisa umthamo womoya, konke okufuneka ukwenze kukwandisa ubungakanani be-diaphragm oyenzayo ngokwenene. "Injini" yomatshini yesithethi yicoil yelizwi. Ndiyakwazi ukucinga ukufaka iqhekeza elikhulu le-foam kwi / kwindawo kwi-diaphragm ekhoyo ye-woofer kunye nokusebenzisa "i-valve yeplagi kunye ne-hole cut". Emva koko ungasebenzisa nayiphi na iamplifier ekhoyo ukubeka izithethi phantsi kwe-low-hertz "ingoma".
Kukho isixhobo esine-actuator ezine ezisebenza ngolu hlobo: i-diaphragm yolulelwe ngaphezu kwesigcina-sifuba. Andilifumani ilinki yesi sixhobo...
Yonke into ekwicandelo lezonyango izisa uxanduva olukhulu. Ukubona iimpazamo kunye nee-alam ziyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo.
Kulumkele ukungazihoyi iingongoma eziphambili zalo msonto. Injongo asikokuvelisa izixhobo zodidi lwezonyango ezinokwenza yonke into, kodwa kukubonelela abantu abangakwaziyo ukukhetha.
Nangona ukubola kwamalungu kunokuba yingxaki, kunokulawulwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokusebenzisa isisombululo setyuwa. Uninzi lwetyuwa kufuneka lushiywe. Ityuwa etyiweyo ikhuselekile kwaye inokuba luncedo nakweyiphi na intsholongwane ekhoyo emqaleni.
Ukuba amanani achanekile, amazwe amaninzi aya kusebenzisa ii-ventilators, kwaye i-5% yabantu abosulelekileyo baya kufa ngayo. Sithetha ngezigidi zokufa. Ke, ndicinga ukuba i-DIY kufuneka yamkeleke apha.
Xa ucinga ukuba uninzi lwabantu abasweleke apha eUnited States bakumakhaya abantu abalupheleyo, awusayi kubandisa ubomi bakho.
Kulihlazo ukutsho, kodwa kusenokubakho ipesenti yabantu “abakwixesha elibolekiweyo” kuba kunjalo, abathe nangaphezu kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kule minyaka badlulayo ngenxa yomkhuhlane okanye inyumoniya. Ngoku, aba bantu sibagonya ixesha elide, kwaye bahlala iminyaka emininzi, kodwa oku akuzange kuphelise ngokupheleleyo ukuba sesichengeni sabo kwizifo zentsholongwane. Ke ifana nenkunkuma “yendawo yokugqibela”, kwaye le ntsholongwane iphantse yafana neyokuba soyise (okanye yenze ukuba ingasebenzi) umbulali wabantu abadala.
Akunjalo kuphela. Abantu abaselula* bagula kakhulu. Baxhasa ukuphefumla. Kodwa basinda.
I-Triage iyenzeka, kwaye abanye abantu abadala okanye abantu abane-comorbidities bayasweleka ngaphandle kokubabeka kwigumbi labagula kakhulu.
Ukuba (mhlawumbi uchanekile) uchonge ibhedi yakho yokhathalelo njengoyena mntu unokuthi aphile, awunakusebenzisa izinga lokufa kwabantu abangahoywanga ukubonisa oku.
Kukho iibhedi ezingama-50,000 ukuya kwi-10,000 zokhathalelo olunzulu e-UK, kuxhomekeke kwindlela yakho yokubala (ngaphandle kwangasese, unyango lwe-coronary artery kunye neebhedi zezintso). Uninzi luseLondon.
Izibalo zamva nje kukuba i-6% idinga ukhathalelo olunzulu (ndiya kuthatha i-14% ngokungathí sina). Ke ngoko, ukuba si-2% kuphela kubahlali abazizigidi ezisi-8 baseLondon abosulelekileyo kwaye i-6% idinga ukhathalelo olunzulu, umndilili wokuhlala ziintsuku ezi-5-10…
Ewe, akukho nto. Njengamachiza okuthomalalisa umhlaza, akhetha ukukuvumela ukuba ufe ngenxa yokufa okucothayo, okubuhlungu kunokuba uzame ukuthembisa amayeza amatsha, kodwa awavavanywanga. Ndivuya kakhulu xa ndifunwa ngurhulumente.
Ukuvavanya kuthetha ukuyisebenzisa. Kule meko, akukho kunqongophala kwamavolontiya. Umbuzo ngowokuba ungakanani umda womngcipheko onokuwandisa kuvavanyo olukhawulezileyo, ngelixa usenamathuba awoneleyo okwenza iziphumo zibe zibi kakhulu kune-positive.
Kubonakala ngathi uyalibala ukuba sizama ukufikelela usukelo olutshintsha rhoqo. Akukho sizathu sokusebenzisa "imethodi yomenzi" kweminye imiba yoyilo, efana nokuqokelelwa kweemfuno kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngokwezigaba. Thetha amagqwetha ubutyala zonyango kunye nabalawuli esibhedlele ukuba baqinisekise ukuba zeziphi iintlobo exemptions, ukukhululwa, kunye nesixhobo self-uxilongo lunokuphunyezwa kule meko.
Ukuqina kunye nokuqina kwendlela yoyilo lwendabuko olwamkelwa ngumenzi luthatha ukuba iimfuno ezisisiseko zimile. Azikho kwindawo yomenzi.
Ndifuna ukwazi ukuba iinjengele ezicwangcisa uhlaselo losuku lwe-D zajongana zathi, "Akukho ndlela isivumela ukuba sihambe kuloo miqobo kwaye singene elunxwemeni."
Iphepha elithembisayo elipapashwe kwi-2015 ligxile ekusetyenzisweni kwe-ultraviolet sterilization kwiimaski ze-N95 ngenjongo yokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kubonakala kuthembisa. Indawo yam yasekhaya inesikhuselo se-bio esinesibane esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-UVGI, kunye nezinye izibulali-ntsholongwane zebhotile esizivavanyayo ngoku ku-N95.
-Ukwahlula i-N95 kumacandelo ahlukeneyo (i-strap, i-valve, i-mask, njl.) -Sika inxalenye nganye ibe yi-medallions, i-strips, fragments, njl.-Beka iziqwenga phantsi kwe-UVGI-Hlola izinto phantsi kwe-microscope-Phinda kwakhona de kuphuke izinto.
Iphepha lamva nje laseTshayina licebise ukuba kufuneka lihlale imizuzu engama-30 kwi-70 degrees Celsius, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungasebenzisi ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/3QYVWO4kj5qwuSHnhcM9uQ
Imozulu icacile namhlanje, kwaye iingcamango zam zajika kwimitha yendalo ye-ultraviolet. Nangona kunjalo, akulunganga ukuxhoma izinto kwiifestile kuba iglasi efanelekileyo iya kuvala uninzi lwe-UVB. Ukongeza, ukuba ukufutshane kumgangatho wolwandle, awuzukufumana nto ingako ukusuka emoyeni. Kodwa, njengecebo lokugqibela, ayikho enye indlela… ncamathelisa iphepha le-saran (ukusonga ngeplastiki) kwingqayi yecookie, uze ushiye imaski apho imini yonke, ilanga lingasebenza. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-pde ibonisiwe kwikhonkco laseTshayina elingezantsi, ukungena kunye nobunzulu bokubulala inzala kwawo nawuphi na umthombo we-ultraviolet awunakuqinisekiswa. Ngoko ke, kuphela umphezulu ococekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweeglavu okanye ezinye izinto, kunokwamkeleka. Ke kutheni ufuna uSaran asonge umzimba wakho? Kulungile, ngokweziphumo zothungelwano olungenamkhethe, isisongelo seSaran sakudala esingaphinde sisetyenziswe singasasaza i-80% ukuya kuma-95% ye-UVB… Kutheni igqunywa? Ewe, ukuba ulungile ngeempukane kwaye unokushiya iingoma ze-poop okanye iintaka zirhubuluza kuzo, awudingi. Kutheni uvala ingqayi yecookie? (I-biscuit tin, njl.)… Ufuna ukuyijika ibe yi-oven encinci yelanga kwaye uyibeke ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet, ngoko kufuneka uyibhake ngeqondo eliphantsi kwaye uyikhanyise. Sebenzisa indlela engcono, okanye sebenzisa iiglavu/imaski ezintsha (ukuba zikhona).
Inokwenziwa, kodwa ukugqiba kwesinyithi esimenyezelayo kuya kubonakalisa nakuphi na ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nakweyiphi na i-engile kwaye kunokubangela ukuba kukhanye emva kwayo ukusuka kwicala nangaphantsi komgangatho wokuqala wemicu.
Ungasebenzisa "i-flame grating" ukwahlula i-UV B kunye/okanye i-UV A, eyiprofayili yesarha kwintsimbi. Isithuba samaza e-sawtooth simisela (ububanzi kancinane) ubude belanga beultraviolet obuphambukayo (kude ne-engile yokubonisa rhoqo). Jonga "i-raster evuthayo" kwiiNcwadi zikaGoogle ukufumana iincwadi eziqulethe iifomula.
Ndikhumbula iphepha le-Wikipedia lisithi umoya uthintele i-UV C ukuba ifike emhlabeni, kodwa (ezinye) i-UV B kunye ne-UV A ziye zafika emhlabeni.
I-3D yokushicilela ivuthela enokuhambisa umoya owaneleyo ngokuzolileyo ayinzima. Ndikhuphele i-blower kumatshini we-CPAP ndaza ndasebenzisa i-HDD motor ukuyiqhuba, kwaye ndafumana ukuhamba komoya okuninzi okuthe cwaka, kodwa amandla emoto ye-HDD asenokungonelanga. Iinjini zeenqwelo-moya ze-BLDC, ezixabisa malunga ne-$10, zinokusetyenziswa kwaye ziqhutywe ngabaqhubi nge-15 yeedola.
Kufuneka ubeke iliso ngononophelo kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo, kuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lunokubangela ukuba imiphunga igqabhuke. Yingakho oomatshini be-CPAP bathathwa njengezixhobo zonyango-ukuba zifakwe ngokungalunganga, zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Kufuneka kufumaneke iimoto ubuncinci bemijikelo yomsebenzi oqhubekayo, imodeli yeenqwelomoya, iidrone kunye neemoto zeemoto zeRC, okungeyiyo imeko.
Oku kunokuthetha ukuba ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bemoto busebenza ngokuphindwe kabini njengokutsala abahlaseli.
Iyunithi eprintwayo endiyilinganisele kwi-CPAP blower inenjini ye-24W. Injini ifakwa ngaphakathi kwivuthela, kwaye umoya ohamba rhoqo uyayipholisa ukuze igcine imoto ipholile. Ndiyakrokrela ukuba usebenzisa imodeli yenqwelomoya yenqwelomoya ejikeleze i-50W kwaye uyiqhube ngezantsi kwenqanaba langoku ngaphakathi kwesivuthela, inokubaleka phantse ngonaphakade ngaphandle kweengxaki.
Umthamo wabo wokushisa awukho mkhulu kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa elizinzileyo phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokusetyenziswa, kwaye ixesha lokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo liya kuba lide. Ukuthwala kuya kunyamalala ngokuhamba kwexesha, kodwa kuxhomekeke kumthwalo kunye nomgangatho wokuthwala, kwaye ifanelekile naluphi na uhlobo lwemoto.
Amandla emoto yombane wenqwelomoya engenamntu ngamakhulu aliqela eewathi. Emva koko, imiphunga yakho ivele yagqabhuka kuxinzelelo. Ndicinga ukuba baya kubaleka ixesha elide kumandla aphantsi.
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya kunokuba ngumngeni. Izinzwa zoxinzelelo lwemizi-mveliso/yezithuthi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye azinabuntununtunu ngokwaneleyo kwesi sicelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakha umbhobho wamanzi othe nkqo ocacileyo uya kufeza injongo (isikhongozeli sonxibelelwano). Ukulinganisa ubude bamanzi, i-UV elula ekhokelela + umamkeli uya kuxelela inkqubo "olu xinzelelo (ukuphakama kwamanzi) lufikelelwe". Yongeza i-2 okanye i-3 led + izinzwa, kwaye unokulawula ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo kunye nezixhobo ezingaphantsi kwe-$ 10. Zama i-30cm yamanzi. Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-CPAP yi-6 ukuya kwi-15 cm yoxinzelelo lwamanzi.
Sebenzisa iivalvu zoncedo ezichasene ne-baffle, iibhaluni okanye okufanayo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu olusetyenziswa kwityhubhu ekhokelela kwisigulana. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, awubonakali ukwazi ukutywina indlela yomoya yesigulana kakuhle kuba ubonelela ngomsinga womoya osisityebi oneoksijini ukuya kwiphecana lokuphefumla ukunceda zonke izigulana ngaphandle kwe-commatose ukuphefumla ngokuqhelekileyo.
I-oveni yam isebenzisa iswitshi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu (okanye ivacuum). I-Amazon (ixabiso eliphantsi?) Ineenguqu zoxinzelelo ze-HVAC. Ikholomu yamanzi endiyisebenzisayo ukusuka kwi-0.1 intshi yoluhlu lwamanzi ukuya kwi-intshi eyi-10 ukuphakama.
Ndicinga ukuba inzwa yobunzulu bamanzi esetyenziswe kumatshini wokuhlamba inokusebenza, kwaye kukho isixhobo esidala sokulondoloza, i-Pirani pressure gauge. Lucingo lokufudumeza nje olo. Uxinzelelo lomoya lupholisa ucingo nge-convection, ebangela ukuchasana kwayo ukutshintsha, kwaye ukuchasana kwayo ngumlinganiselo woxinzelelo.
Kwakutheni ukuze ide ipapashe inkcazelo enjalo? Izixhobo zonyango ayizoze-HAD. Ukuchitha ixesha kuba akukho mntu unokugqekeza, aguqule okanye enze izixhobo zonyango… “Akukho mntu” kuthetha ukuba uninzi lwethu lukhangela le webhusayithi (kubandakanywa nam).
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kungcono ukushiya izixhobo zonyango kwiingcali, kodwa ukuba azinakufunyanwa okanye azikwazi ukuthengwa, kwaye zonke ezinye izixhobo ziyasilela, kutheni kungenjalo? Ndisebenza kwifama yeegusha kwaye ndangena ezingxakini ngexesha lokuzala kwamatakane. Emva kokubonisana nogqirha wezilwanyana, bacebise i-euthanasia ukusombulula izikhalazo abanye abalimi abazisombulula rhoqo. Andazi ukuba konakele phi, kodwa kubonakala ngathi yinkqubo.
Hayi, ngumfana nje ocinga ngayo. Okokuqala, uninzi lwenu lunamava ezonyango kunye ne-zero yamava esixhobo sonyango. Awazi nokuba ungazisebenzisa nini okanye ungazisebenzisi nini izixhobo ezinjalo.
Ucinga ukuba isibhedlele okanye ikliniki iya kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise isixhobo sokuphefumla ukwenza utywala ekhaya? Akufunekanga isebenze. Bazakubiza amapolisa kwaye banokukumangalela.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba isibhedlele sithe, “Asinandawo eyongezelelekileyo, kwaye zonke ii-ventilators zigcinelwe abantu ekunokwenzeka ukuba bachache”, ngaba bayakuvumela ukuba ubeke ezakho izixhobo zokuphefumla kuTatomkhulu? Oko sele kwenzekile eItali.
Hmm…Ukufumana ulwazi kunye “nokufumana imikhondo” zizinto ezisisiseko zokuHacking. Duh. Kulo msonto othile, ukudelelwa kweenyawo kukungazi ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuzingca. Xa/ukuba uluntu lomthombo ovulekileyo luphuhlisa isisombululo esinokusetyenziswa njenge (nangona sisesokwethutyana) isicombululo esingxamisekileyo ukunceda ukunciphisa ukubandezeleka okanye nokufa, uya kumangaliswa xa umntwana wakho elele apho (kuba akukho ” Igosa/umenzi-bubi”/ isixhobo esiqinisekisiweyo"), nceda uqiniseke ukuba ucela umkhangeli ukuba "asuse ezi zinto ebantwaneni bam!" “.Yesu.
Lol, kuba bonke abantu kwi-hackaday abenzi nto ngaphandle kokukhangela iwebhu. Abafundi abaninzi ngabantu abakha olu hlobo lwezixhobo, kwaye sisenokungathethi ngezibhedlele zaseNtshona apha.
Ewe, akukho mntu wakha wahlasela impompo ye-insulin. Akukho sixhobo sonyango sineziphene ezinzulu zoyilo. Ndikunye nawe, kuquka nam.
Ndatsho nje ukuba izixhobo zonyango azikho isihloko esihle se-HAD (usuku oluhle). Nabani na angenza nantoni na ayifunayo ngasese ekhaya, kodwa iSebe lezeKhaya akufuneki livuleleke kule nto, ingakumbi kwabo bangenamava. Ukuba iFU ichasene nam, ngoko +1...ndibethe umntu kwimithambo-luvo.
Fumana umntu ongazange abe namava "zenzele okanye uya kubandezeleka." Siyathemba ukuba akukho nto iya kutshintsha kuwe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo.
Njengochwepheshe bezonyango ojongene nokuphumeza, ukugcina nokugcina umoya we-mechanical kwizigulane, emva kokufunda iimpendulo ezininzi kule "projekthi" ye-HAD, kufuneka ndivumelane nezimvo zikaMax S. 1000%.
Ndivuma ngokupheleleyo (umyili wemveliso odla umhlala-phantsi) ayingomqhekezi lo, yiba ngobuchule-khuphela into eyilwe kwaye yavavanywa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ufuna ukunceda ukufikelela kumzi-mveliso, usasaze isicwangciso kumenzi ngamnye kunye nomthengisi. Vumela abasebenzi bezomthetho bafumanise ukuba ngubani otyala imali kamva
Umseki/u-CEO we-FLEDGE Innovation Labs isixhobo sokufukamela isixhobo sonyango uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 yamava ekuphuhliseni/ekurhwebeni izixhobo zonyango =====
Asinakuyisombulula le ngxaki ngemibhobho yegadi kunye nezicoci zokufunxa okanye ukukhupha umoya nge-emele yamanzi abilayo.
Ndipapasha zonke iindaba, kodwa ukuba unokwenza uyilo lobunjineli, nceda undishiyele umyalezo, bill2resist@gmail.com
Molo andiqondi ukuba uyayiqonda le nto. Injongo ayikokutshintsha okanye ukukhuphisana nee-ventilators zorhwebo. Injongo apha kukwakha kakhulu isixhobo sokusinda esinokuveliswa ngobuninzi ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye silungiswe lula ukumelana namaxesha emfazwe anje. Ngaba esi sixhobo sinokubulala abantu? Ewe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba esi sixhobo asidalwanga, abantu abaninzi baya kufa (nceda ujonge indawo yabasebenzi basesibhedlele abahlasela i-ventilator eqhelekileyo yokuhlalisa abantu aba-4).
Ngokufanayo, akufuneki ukuba ibe yifashoni. Mhlawumbi imiphunga yentsimbi eyayisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yee-1950 iphantsi kobugcisa kwaye kulula ukuyilungisa, nto leyo enokusindisa amawaka obomi.
E-Italiyane, ngoku-namhlanje-ngaphezulu kwe-400 abantu baye balaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa ye-ED ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla ngokugcwala kwe-oxygen ngaphantsi kwe-90%. Eli zinga liphindwe kabini zonke iintsuku ezi-3-4.
*Ungaze* ube nee-ventilators ezaneleyo ukunceda wonke umntu. Akusayi kuze kubekho imiphunga yentsimbi eyaneleyo ukunceda inxalenye encinane yaba bantu. *Ngeke* Kuya kubakho ixesha elaneleyo lokwakha isisombululo se-ventilator kwaye usithumele, kwaye akukho bantu baneleyo ukuba baphumeze okanye basilawule.
Xa ndibhala le mpendulo, abantu abalikhulu babulawa ngenxa yokuba i-O2 yabo ye-saturation iye yawa.
Ukungena komoya sisisombululo esingenelelayo nesisebenzisa ubutyebi. Ayisiyiyo i-ventilator kuphela, kodwa ikwafuna abasebenzi abanezakhono zokulawula izixhobo kunye nezigulana. Oku kukhulu kakhulu kunokuvuthela.
Uqhankqalazo lutshintshelwe kwingxoxo eqhutywa bubuchwephesha eyasombulula ingxaki engalunganga... Jonga kwi-abstract yasekuqaleni, echaza i-catheter yeempumlo ephuma phezulu engahlaseli, hayi into yokuphefumla.
Sidinga iimveliso ezilula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi (i-50 yeedola) ezinokunyusa imveliso ngokomyalelo wobukhulu phakathi kweentsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa.
Ukuzama ukudibanisa isondo lebhayisikili kunye ne-ventilation kwi-ventilation belt ayisona isisombululo-ayisokuze ikwazi ukuxhasa okanye ukulinganisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno.
Kwaye-iyakuvuza ii-aerosols ezigcwele yintsholongwane ezosulela ezinye izigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango- okuthetha ukuba ibhalansi iya kususwa kubasebenzi bomongikazi iye kwizigulana-nto leyo eya kuphazamisa inkqubo yezonyango kwaye ikhawulezise ukufa.
Ndivumelana noGary Jones, yiyo loo nto ndenze lo mphunga wentsimbi yomthi kwaye ndiwulungiselele ukusetyenziswa eBrazil: https://archive.org/stream/PopularMechanics1952/Popular_Mechanics_01_1952#page/n259/mode /2up
Kuba eOstreliya, kuqikelelwa ukuba siya kunciphisa malunga nama-2,000 XNUMX ee-ventilators. Lo msonto awukho "urhwebo vs uzenzele" intambo "yenziwe ngokwakho vs akukho ngenelelo"
Iimotor / iidrive zitshisa kakhulu iimotor zedrone, ngaba oku kuyaphambana ngokwenene? Umlandeli wasekhaya ufumene icompressor entle evela kwimarike yomatshini ukulawula ukuhamba komoya. Hee, unomoya owaneleyo amakhulu abantu?
Thatha isikhwama esikhulu se-debris equlethe malunga ne-4 cubic feet "yecompressor ehloniphekileyo" enokungena umzuzu ngaphandle kweentambo ze-industrial. Ngoku ndiyakwazi ukuphefumla kube kanye ngomzuzu, ngaba oko kwanele?
Kubo bonke abachasi, xa isibhedlele sigqithisekile okanye kwilizwe lesithathu lehlabathi, akukho mntu uya kuthetha yedwa malunga nemiba yokulawula. Oku akusebenzi kwizixeko kuphela apho sineziseko ezingundoqo zale mihla kunye neenkonzo ezisisiseko ezifumaneka lula.
Ewe, awufuni ukwenza ingozi ngakumbi kunokwenzakalisa. Ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo ezimdaka, unokufa ngaphezulu kunokungasebenzisi nasiphi na isixhobo. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olululo, kunzima ukwazi ukuba yenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokulunga. Awufuni kuyisebenzisa nje, kodwa emva kokubulala iqela labantu ufumanisa ukuba kubi kakhulu.
Nceda, nceda, nceda-sebenzisa ubuchule bakho ukwandisa ukungena kwenkqubo yococeko yoluntu. Injongo yomsebenzi wezonyango kukunciphisa izinga losulelo ukuze ubonelelo lomoya kwi-ventilator lungagcwali, ngoko ke ulwahlulo aludingi kumisela ukuba ngubani ofumana izixhobo ezinqongopheleyo. Iyeza alinanto yakwenza nozuko okanye ucofa-cofa; kodwa imalunga nokunciphisa ukugula nokufa. Ndiyaphinda, fumanisa indlela yokunciphisa izinga. Uya kuba ligorha elikhulu loMkhosi weNkululeko yaBantu abangaziyo ukuba ubugcinile na ubomi babo. Kwaye awudingi MD ukwenza lo msebenzi.
Kufuneka siyile, siyile okanye siphumeze izinto ezininzi ezilula ukucothisa ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane.
Enkosi Dr. Clint-kukho amakhulu ezithuba ze-HAD apha, kwaye emva kweveki yezithuba, akukabikho umzobo, inkcazo, iphepha lenkqubo yokwakha nantoni na, singasathethi ke i-ventilator. Oku kungqina ukuba kutheni inkqubo yethu yemfundo ibangele ukuba sisilele kakubi. Ngaba ukho umntu olapha onesidanga sobunjineli, isidanga sobugqirha, kunye nawo nawaphi na amava okuvelisa umthamo ophezulu? ? ? Intoni??? nabani na? ? ? ..,
Molo, ndikhangela iqela elingazukuchitha xesha. Ndinesicwangciso soyilo kwaye ndivavanywe ziingcali zonyango. Ndifuna injineli kunye nogqirha oyi-1 ubuncinane. Ndikhetha imvelaphi yasemkhosini okanye umonzakalo. i-anesthesia. Kukho inkunkuma eninzi kwisayithi, kodwa ndiqhubela phambili, ukuba unomdla, nceda undithumelele i-imeyile. Bill2resist@gmail.com
Zama le webhusayithi, ngamanye amaxesha banezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo. Bakhonza abathengi basemkhosini kwizicelo zokuntywila ezihlekisayo. Abanaso isixhobo esichanekileyo, kwaye mhlawumbi abanambono, kodwa bayakwazi ukuyila okanye ukuyila ngokutsha izinto ezikhoyo. Umyeni wam wayebasebenzela. Basenokuvalwa ngenxa yokuvala, ngoko zama ukufumana abafowunelwa bobuqu kwisiza. Inkampani yabo engumzali yiDivex yase-Ireland, ikomkhulu laseKapa.
Ndinesidanga kubunjineli boomatshini, ndinokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuchwetheza ezikhawulezayo, kwaye ndinamava okukhokela amaqela amancinane ophuhliso…Kakade, le yinto engazange ibonwe ngaphambili phambi kosukelo olunempembelelo kunye nolwazelelelo lwexesha. Ndikwanazo neenjineli ezinomdla wokwenza okungakumbi.
Ndiyavumelana nokungancedi kwakho, kodwa andizukusola imfundo yamntu. Ngokubanzi, ndingatsho ukuba kunzima ukucwangcisa, ukucwangcisa nokwenza kunye nokugqiba iiprojekthi zophuhliso.
Abasombululi beengxaki bafuna imida ukuze bavule ubuchule bethu bokuyila kwaye kufuneka basombulule iingxaki ezithile. Ndifunde amanqaku amaninzi, ikakhulu ndibuza malunga nomgaqo wokusebenza we-ventilator kunye nokuba zeziphi iimfuno ekujoliswe kuzo zoguqulelo lwe-hackaday. Ndingathanda ukubona ukuba eli nqaku / iposti ihlaziywe ngala manqaku.
Izimvo kumchasi. Izixhobo zodidi lwezonyango kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangeminyaka emininzi yaye zinokuba nemisebenzi emininzi ukuze zibe yimveliso eluncedo nexabiseke ngakumbi. Ukuqhekezwa kunye kuya kuba nzima ukuthelekisa. Ngokuchasene noko, ii-ventilators ezingabizi kakhulu ezinokubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo umxube / uxinzelelo lweoksijini phakathi kweenyanga ezimbini zinokutshintsha umhlaba wethu.
Ukuba ucinga ngesibhedlele, ndicinga ngecompressor yemveliso eqhelekileyo kunye neqela lemibhobho yePVC. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kuya kufuna imibhobho eyongezelelweyo kunye nokhuseleko, kodwa oku kulula kakhulu kwinqanaba elikhulu. Ke ngoko, ukuba uzimisele ngale nto, nceda utsibe amathandabuzo aqhelekileyo kwaye udibanise oogqirha abaziyo ukuba uyabafuna kunye neenjineli ezinamava kwizixhobo zemizi-mveliso.
Awunakusebenzisa iicompressor zomoya ezisekelwe kwipiston ngenxa yengxaki yamathontsi eoli ye-cushion. Ungasebenzisa i-compressor yokugcina i-hardware esekelwe kwigrafu [ehlambulukileyo], kodwa le ndlela ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Ndaneliseke kakhulu ngombono wakho wePVC wemibhobho, le nxalenye ilungile kakhulu
Ngaba kukho nabani na okhe wacinga ukusebenzisa iwotshi yeMidi (isixhobo somculo okanye isoftwe yomculo) ukunyenyisa ukuphindaphindwa kokuhanjiswa komoya?
Ndinomdla wokunceda! Ndiyakwazi ukuyila zonke izixhobo zombane ezifunekayo kule projekthi. Ukuba unomdla, nceda undithumelele i-imeyile ku bflorin520@gmail.com, singathetha ngakumbi.
Isizathu sokuba umkhuhlane ubulale ngaphezu koku kukuba abantu abaninzi bosulelwe ngumkhuhlane. Ngokusasazeka kwangoku kwe-covid-19, oku akusayi kuba njalo malunga neentsuku ezingama-30-45 ukusukela ngoku. Ngeli xesha, babebaninzi abantu ababene-covid-19 okanye ababenayo i-covid-19 kunabantu ababenomkhuhlane, kunye nabantu ababene-covid-19 Malunga nabantu abanomkhuhlane. Izinga lokufa li-10 ukuya kumaxesha angama-40. Ngokubhekiselele kwinani labantu ababulawa ehlabathini lonke, oku kusenokungabi kubi njengokuba kwakunjalo ngowe-1918, kodwa ukuba ekugqibeleni kubulale abantu abaninzi, andiyi kumangaliswa, ngenxa yokuba bebaninzi abantu. Ndibone uqikelelo oluninzi kwaye ndasebenzisa uqikelelo lwam, kwaye eneneni kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiseti yedatha oyisebenzisayo, kodwa uninzi lwethu luze namanye amanani abonisa ukuba i-50% yemihla yehlabathi yinto ethile. umhla uphakathi kwe-20 ka-Epreli kunye ne-15 kaMeyi.
Ukuyila, sifuna iinkcukacha zobugcisa: 1. Ubuninzi bokuhamba kwe-6lpm 2. Ubuninzi boxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo? ? ? 3. Inqanaba lokufuma elifunekayo? ? ? 4. Uluhlu lokuxuba ioksijini? ? ?
Yile nto endifuna ukuyazi. Ndinomfanekiso osebenzayo owenziwe ngempompo yesandla enomthamo omkhulu. Impompo yesandla idla ngokusetyenziselwa oomatrasi abavuzayo kunye nezihlenga ezivuthekileyo. Iqhutywa “yipiston” elula (ivili elijikelezayo elinengqiniba ejikelezayo, njengenjini yomphunga). Imoto ye-DC elungiselelweyo ukusuka kwindawo yokubhola epholileyo ngamanzi.
Okwangoku, ndizama ukongeza indlela yokufumisa umoya kunye nendlela yokubeka uluhlu loxinzelelo / izinga lokuphefumla.
I-catheter yeempumlo 1 isetyenzisiwe. 20-60 iilitha ngomzuzu 4. 21-100% FiO2. I-21% yoxinaniso lweoksijini kumoya ojikelezayo
Ye-CPAP/BIPAP2. Ndincoma uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-40mmHg. I-30mmHg lilona xabiso lomda wokungena komoya okhuselekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka sikhuphe umoya kuxinzelelo oluphezulu ukusuka kwi-4.21% ukuya kwi-100%, nceda ubone ngasentla.
Ezi ziguquguqukayo zingumatshini- kunye nesigulane-ngokusekwe kwi-anatomy, physiology kunye ne-pathology. Ke ngoko, kuthatha iminyaka ukuba umatshini ufunde indlela yokuwusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
Kuwo wonke umntu ophonononga isatifikethi sezonyango. Njenge-ISO13485 kunye ne-21CFR820 (QMS), 93/42/EEC (MDD), 90/385/EE (IVD), ISO14971 (ulawulo lomngcipheko), IEC60601-1 (ukhuseleko jikelele), IEC60601-1-2 (EMC), njl. Izinto); singasathethi ke ngemigangatho emininzi kunye nemimiselo yeentlobo ezithile kunye neendidi zezixhobo.
Ndithathe inxaxheba kwezinye iiprojekthi (kubandakanywa ii-ventilators) apho isiqinisekiso semveliso kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lokuqala luthathe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha seendleko zophuhliso. Emva koko kuza iindleko ze-inshurensi ye-liability, uphicotho oluqhelekileyo, kunye nohlaziyo oluqhubekayo lwemimiselo kunye nemigangatho.
Ezi ndleko zithwalwa ngabathengi abafanayo abafuna i-FDA kunye nabayili bezixhobo zonyango ukuba baphendule ngokukhawuleza kwaye babe nomgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza kothixokazi wokukhusela impazamo.
Emva koko qala, iintsuku ezingama-25 ngosuku kunye neentsuku ezisi-8 ngeveki ukwenza inkqubo yokuntlitheka ukukhawulezisa ukuthotyelwa kwazo zonke iimeko eziphazamisayo. Kwangaxeshanye, uya kube ulungele ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6 kuphela…
Eyona nto ndiyithandayo yi-ISO-60601-1-4. Ndikwabandakanyeka kuphando lwezixhobo zonyango. Andifuni inzondelelo yomntu wonke kunye nomnqweno wokunceda ukufumana isiphumo esiphindwe kabini ngesiqingatha somzamo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba ubandakanyeka, ngokwenene awuyazi into efunekayo ukuyila, ukuvavanya, ukuvelisa, ukuthengisa kunye nokusabalalisa izixhobo zonyango. Imfuneko “yeleyibhile” iyodwa indiphathele izilonda. Uyilo lomthombo ovulekileyo lunokuba nendawo ethile (uyilo oluvulekileyo lulungile, nje ukuba lulandela imigangatho efanayo kwaye unokuqinisekisa ukuvela kwayo 100%), kodwa andiboni nje nabani na owenza iimveliso ezisemthethweni kwiigaraji zabo okanye kwimveliso. Kwindawo yoshishino. Ngaba le ISO-9000 inzima? Zama 13485!
Xa iinkcukacha ze-ISO ezisebenzayo kufuneka zithotyelwe kwisixhobo sokusetyenziswa ngokusesikweni, kule meko, imfuno ingaba nkulu kangangokuba akukho xesha lokuhamba kuyo yonke le mijikelo kwaye naluphi na uyilo olulungileyo lunokuyenza.
Ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba ukuba awunakho ukukhetha kwaye kufuneka ukhethe phakathi kwezixhobo ezikhoyo kunye nezisebenzayo kodwa ezingahambelani ne-ISO, usenokulixhakamfula eli thuba.
Kodwa akuxhomekekanga kuwe. Oku kuya kumisela umzekelo ombi. Oku akuvumelekanga phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Andizami ukuphulukana nobomi bam, kodwa izixhobo zonyango kufuneka zingabi nabudenge 100%. Kule nto, kungathatha iminyaka elishumi yovavanyo. Kutheni ubuza? Ilizwi. Kholwa. Masithi uyila umatshini kwaye wenze okuninzi. Ekuqaleni yayisebenza, kodwa emva koko yasilela ngendlela efanayo kumntu wonke. Ibulala bonke aba bantu kude kube ngowokugqibela. Ubucinga ukuba yintsholongwane, kodwa kamva wafumanisa ukuba ngumatshini. Iindaba zasasazeka. Ngoku, ukuthembana kwaphukile. Abantu abasazithembi izibhedlele kwaye baziphephe. Iyelenqe lokubhabha. Abazange bavume ukugonywa. Ukuthembela kuphelile. Ngenxa nje yokungathembeki ngokwaneleyo kwizibhedlele nakoogqirha, abantu abaninzi baya kufa. Kungenxa yoko le nto umgangatho ubekwe phezulu. Bamele ukuba. Ngaphandle kokuthembana, amayeza anamhlanje aya kusilela. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukufundisa abantu. Ndibone ubuncinci abangama-20,000 ebharini namhlanje. Abantu bakuyo yonke indawo. Ukuba ubani wayebanike inkcazelo echanileyo ngonobangela, bonke aba bantu ngebabesekhaya. Akukho mntu uyenzayo. Akukho mntu unoxanduva. Inkqubo yosasazo olungxamisekileyo bekufanele ukuba ithathe indawo. Zonke izitishi kufuneka zisasaze umxholo ofanayo kwisikhululo ngasinye. Ukuba kukho ugqabhuko-dubulo lwenyukliya, siya kuyenza. Ngo-9/11, savala zonke iinkqubo. Ngokwahlukileyo, kunokuthiwa yintlekele encinci.
Indlela yokujongana neziganeko zangaphambili, okanye ukuziphatha "njengesifo" kunye nokucinga okungaqhelekanga kwezentlalo / zengqondo, kunye nokuguqula / ukunyanga ngandlela-thile?
"... Kodwa izixhobo zonyango kufuneka zingabi nabudenge 100%. Intlonipho, oku kukungazi. Akukho sixhobo "i-100% ethembekileyo". Oku malunga nezikhombisi ezilula zokuthembeka kunye nokuzithemba. Oku akusiyo imilingo, kwaye ayifuni iminyaka eyi-10 yemfundo yezonyango. Ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zonyango ngumsebenzi wovavanyo olukhawulezayo lobomi. Ukuba unikezela ngenkcazo yokusebenza evulekileyo echaza ukunyamezela kunye nemigangatho yokuvavanya ukuba umatshini kufuneka uhlangabezane nayo, uya kumangaliswa kuba iinjineli zoyilo kunye nabavelisi baya kugqiba imveliso ngexesha lokurekhoda.
Andifanelekanga ukukuxelela into enokwenzeka ngokwezonyango, kwaye awufanelekanga ukuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni enokwenzeka ngokobugcisa. Kulula kakhulu ukuthi “akunakwenzeka” endaweni yokuvuma ukuba ubuchule bakho buphelela phi nalapho ubungcali babanye abantu buqala khona. Awunikezelanga ngolwazi oluluncedo kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu kwisixhobo esinjalo, kodwa uqiniseke ngekratshi lakho lokuba i-PHD inokuyila imveliso ehlangabezana nothotho lweemfuno ezicacileyo. Ayiyo. Kuphela ziimfuno ezicacileyo kunye neenjineli/amagcisa afanelekileyo afunekayo.
Awunakusebenzisa uyilo lwangaphakathi lweWalmart kunye namalungu ukwenza into kwaye ulindele isatifikethi… Inkqubo yoyilo ibaluleke kakhulu njengomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.
Kule meko, ukuba ngaba izixhobo zokusindisa ubomi zifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngomnye umbuzo.
Ingxaki apha kukwazi into ongayaziyo lo ngumngeni kubantu abaneenjongo ezintle abangazange bayenze into enjalo ngaphambili.
Ukuba sifuna ii-ventilators ezingaphezulu, ke kufuneka sibaxhase abantu abasele beyazi indlela yokwenza ii-ventilators.
https://newsroom.resmed.com/news-releases/news-details/2020/ResMed-Statement-on-COVID-19/default.aspx
Kufuneka sibaxhase abantu abakwaziyo ukubakha, babavavanye, babazise apho bafuneka khona, baqeqeshe abantu kwaye babanike inkxaso. Kwaye-uqinisekise ukuba kukho iPPE eyaneleyo kunye nemigca yokuvala inzala ukuze isebenze-ingakumbi ukuba isigulana siyafaka-ke ukuba singazisi usulelo lwebhaktiriya kwizigulana esele zosulelekileyo okanye sivelise ii-aerosols ezinentsholongwane ezinokosulela intsholongwane Ukwenza izinto zibe mandundu- abanakekeli-baguqule ukuba babe zizigulane kwaye babangele inkqubo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo engxamisekileyo-iya kwandisa ukufa.
Nangona le ngcamango ingaba yinto ekhangayo, ayifani nokuguqula i-CO2 scrubber kwi-Apollo 13. Ingxaki ejongene ne-Apollo 13 iyimfuneko yesisombululo, exhaswa ngamawaka eengcali ezixazulula ingxaki. Kwaye indawo yokuhambisa ayinye kwaye akukho mngcipheko. Bulala abantu abazama ukunceda.
Oku kungenxa yokuba kwimeko *eqhelekileyo*, ngokufanelekileyo, sifuna yonke into *ikhuseleke kangangoko*. Ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba senze imingcipheko engeyomfuneko, ngoko asifanele siyenze. Nangona kunjalo, ezi meko aziqhelekanga konke konke (imeko yenziwa mandundu kukungakwazi kukarhulumente ngokupheleleyo, ukucotha kunye nokuwa). Apha, ikhrayitheriya yoyilo olufanelekileyo "ukulindela kungcono kunanto (kungekhona kubi)".
kulungile. Kodwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukusuka ngoku, xa i-5% yabantu baseIndiya abazibhiliyoni ezisisi-1.4 bafuna ii-ventilators, akukho mntu uya kukwazi kwanto malunga nesiqinisekiso. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusebenza.
Ndandicinga ukuba siza kuzisa “isikolo esidala” iPEEP/Super Spyglass eneenkonkxa zenkunkuma ezizele ngamanzi. Ubude bombhobho kunye nobunzulu emanzini bulawula uxinzelelo.
Ewe kunjalo, ayisiyiyo i-ventilator yobuchwephesha, kodwa ukuba ufuna kuphela i-CPAP/PEEP, unokulandela iindlela ezininzi kwizikhokelo zonyango zakudala ze-DIY pt. inkxalabo.
Ukuba izigulana ezinxibe imaski zithatha nawaphi na amanyathelo okuthintela usulelo lomoya, andazi ke ukuba kutheni i-CPAP kufuneka ingabandakanywa kuba iimaski ezikwezo maski zinokugqunywa ngeemaski eziqhelekileyo.
Kodwa ndiyavuma ukuba ukujonga ngasemva kuya kufumanisa ukuba izixhobo zethu ezilula kulula ukuzijonga.
Okwangoku, kukho iinkxalabo zokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-NIV (efana ne-BPAP) / HHHF (enje nge-AirVo / Optiflow) kwi-COVID-19 kuya kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingathandekiyo.
Nje ukuba siphelelwe, sicingela ukuba nasiphi na isibhedlele sinobuganga bokuzisebenzisa, sinokusebenzisa umthombo ovulekileyo *izinto eziphazamisayo* zokungenisa umoya. Nangona kunjalo, andazi ukuba singaqinisekisa njani kwaye siqinisekise ukuba isoftware kunye nehardware iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko esiyilindeleyo...
Oku akunanto yakwenza neteknoloji, kodwa kunye nemimiselo kunye nezisongelo ezikhohliweyo.
Usiphelise isigwebo ngempazamo. Ndiya kwenza oku kuni: “Nguwo lo ummiselo nesisongelo sokuba nilityelwe, ngenxa yokuba nibabulele bonke aba bantu ngaloo nkunkuma ingavavanywanga.
Ngoku benza uvavanyo lweziyobisi kwizigulana ezibhubhe ngenxa ye-covid-19. uvavanyo. Ukuba ngugqirha kukufumana ulwazi. Ucinga ukuba umongikazi oqhelekileyo, ugqirha, kunye nomsebenzi wezempilo akazi nto ngale nto ithethwa apha. Nabo bayaqikelela. Uqikelelo loloyiko. Abantu bayafa, kufuneka uyeke ukuvinjwa kwaye unikele ixesha lakho kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo, kungenjalo usapho / izihlobo zakho ziya kufa.
I-Paramedic Flight Paramedic kunye ne-A & P Umfundisi we-ACLS uMyaleli we-EMS iNkokeli yoMlilo kunye ne-Rescue Capitan (ngoku ehlala phantsi)
Njenge-backup ye-port exhaust port, kukho rhoqo i-mask valve (BVM) kwi-ICU / OR / i-ambulensi engasetyenziselwa ukukhupha umoya kwizigulane phantsi kwe-anesthesia okanye intubation. Emva kokuqwalasela iingcamango zoyilo lweendawo zomoya zanamhlanje, ndagqiba ekubeni ndisebenzise i-iron lung yakudala ukuba ibe yeyona nto ithembekileyo kule meko. Esinye isizathu sikukuba baye basebenzisa olu yilo baza baligcina ixesha elide ngaphambili. Ukuqwalasela ukulula kunye nokungabizi kwayo, inokwethenjelwa kwaye ikhuselekile, kwaye kulula ukuyimpompa ngesandla xa kukho ukusilela kombane, okungcono kune-BVM Kwaye xa i-ventilator yomntu idiniwe kwaye inokuthi igxobhoze ityhubhu, akukho mngcipheko. yokukhutshwa, okanye umngcipheko we-tube esophagus (izigulane zifa malunga nemizuzu emi-4-5). I-drawback kuphela kukuhamba, kodwa kule meko, asithethi ngokuvalelwa entolongweni ubomi "kwimiphunga". Ngokwenza imisebenzi enezinga eliphezulu lokunyamekelwa kwezigulane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wokuphefumula (i-CO2 ephumayo), kuba indawo ye-o2 ehleli kwizigulane ezine-hypoventilated inokugcina isondele kwi-100% ixesha elide, kunye negazi I-co2 acidity iya pickle kwaye ubulale yonke into. Ingqondo iyafa. Ngokuphathelele i-oksijeni, ewe, nayiphi na igesi yokusebenza ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nayiphi na imfuno yonyango, kodwa ayinakuqinisekiswa, ngoko ke indlela engabizi yokuqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye nokhuseleko iya kwenza imeko ibe ngcono. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna umoya omninzi, ndicebisa-uyilo lwe-DIY lwemiphunga yentsimbi (iprojekthi yompu elula ye-Sten; ukuqala kuyilo lwamalungu asemgangathweni) -ikhosi yobonelelo lwe-oksijini yeshishini lompu womoya wekhosi (iintsuku ezi-1-2), qonda izinto ezisisiseko. Ulwazi lwe-EMT kunye nabanye abasebenzi bexakeka okanye abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka balawule inani elikhulu leendawo zomoya. Kubalulekile ukujikelezisa amagcisa ohambo lomoya olungxamisekileyo rhoqo ngeyure enye okanye ezimbini kwaye ulawule ngokungqongqo ukuze angakwazi ukuhamba lula.
Indlela yokusebenzisa irabha elula yendlela enye (eyanele ukutsala amanxeba esifuba) kunye ne-diaphragm enkulu yerabha yokutywina enye incam yesilinda enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukubamba umntu. Emva koko… Ingaba ibhayisekile ekwifreyimu enamavili e-oval drive iyakutyhala ize itsalele kwidiaphragm? Inokuba lula (nangona yamkelwe: mhlawumbi) ilinganiswe ubuncinane kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Senza into emasiyenze.
Kuyafana nakwimiphunga yentsimbi: ekuqaleni yayiyilwe ukunyanga i-nerve palsy (ukulawula izihlunu zezigulane) ezibangelwa yipoliyo. Ezi zigulana ziphefumla umoya we-ambient kwaye umsebenzi wazo wemiphunga ulungile (ukuthobela, ukusasazwa kweoksijini, njl.njl.), andicingi ukuba isixhobo sohlobo lwe-iron lwemiphunga siyakunceda izigulana ezikwimekobume ye-COVID-19. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu losulelo (intsholongwane ye-COVID-19 + intsholongwane ye-bacterial superinfection) ehamba ne-edema, ukusebenza kwemiphunga yezigulana ezine-COVID-19 konakele kakhulu. Zombini zinokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusasazwa kweoksijini kunye nokunciphisa ukuthotyelwa kwemiphunga. Ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwabantu luya kufa ngenxa ye-ARDS kunye nokusilela kwamalungu amaninzi. Ke ngoko, sidinga uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweoksijini (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100%) kunye noxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30mmHg, olunokuthi lube phezulu nje ixeshana elifutshane) ukugcina onke amacandelo emiphunga evulekile kwaye ucinezele ioksijini kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokusebenzisa imiphunga. i-edema.
Traditional o2 nasal cannula (ukuya kwiilitha ezi-6 zomoya ngomzuzu)>imaski kunye nedama (ukuya kwiilitha ezili-15 zomoya ngomzuzu)>ukuhamba okuphezulu kwe-nasal cannula (20-60 ilitha ye-O2 ngomzuzu, i-FiO2 ehlengahlengiswayo)>i-mask ye-CPAP ephazamisayo > Vula i-CPAP yokusetha i-respirator (PEEP 5mmHg, i-FiO2 ehlengahlengiswayo)> I-Respirator kwi-BIPAP setting (uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-30mmHg, i-PEEP 5mmHg, i-FiO2 ehlengahlengiswayo)> ECMO
Ngokumalunga neprojekthi, ndincoma ukuba ndiwahlule ngokwamaqela amaninzi ngokwe-cascade (iqela le-nasal intubation ephezulu, iqela le-CPAP, iqela le-BIPAP, njl.). Kusenokubakho iiprojekthi ezininzi kwiqela ngalinye, ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswayo (ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweemveliso esele zikho kunye nokwakhiwa/ukuqhekeka koomatshini abatsha) kunye neemeko zokusebenzisa (ngaphandle nangaphakathi esibhedlele). Ndicinga ukuba inkxalabo enkulu kukuthengwa kwe-oksijini kunye nombane kwindawo engaphandle kwesibhedlele.
Inkcazo ephambili yomthombo ovulekileyo wokukhupha umoya kukuba kufuneka yenziwe ngamalungu asele ekhona kuyo yonke indawo. Sinokufuna ama-500,000 ngenyanga. La malungu kufuneka abe zizinto onokuzithenga kwi-Home Depot okanye eWal-Mart. Uyilo lufuna isicwangciso soqeqesho kunye neengcali zonyango ngaphambi kokuyila ukuyila komatshini, izicelo zefowuni eziphathwayo, iimodeli ze-3D zezixhobo eziprintwayo kunye neevidiyo zoqeqesho. Ukongezelela, imimiselo ye-FDA kunye noxanduva lomthetho kuya kufuneka ukuba ikhutshwe, ngoko ke inkxaso karhulumente iyafuneka. Ndaqhagamshelana ne-ofisi kaceba wam. Bandithumele kwiwebhusayithi ye-FDA ukuze ndivunywe ngokukhawuleza. Inokwenziwa ziinkampani ezenza isiko lomoya okanye inkqubo yolwelo lwamanzi. Mhlawumbi oomatshini okanye iteknoloji ye-HVAC inokufumaneka ngemiyalelo ye-intanethi. Sadibana neenjineli eziphezulu ze-6, ii-CTO, oogqirha kunye nabaphathi abaye basebenza kwishishini lokuphefumla lonyango iminyaka eyi-10-30. Sibeka phambili ezinye izimvo. Eyokuqala ngumatshini ophuculweyo we-CPAP onokunceda abantu ekhaya. Isebenzisa umatshini we-CPAP ophuculweyo owenziwe ngeoksijini kunye nemibhobho kwibhakethi okanye inkunkuma yamanzi ukunyusa i-anti-exhalation (uxinzelelo lokuphela kokuphelelwa umoya, owaziwa ngokuba yi-PEEP). Ukubamba umoya ngaphantsi kwamanzi kunokuthintela intsholongwane ukuba ingaphumi kwigumbi. Ioksijini kunye noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwimiphunga inceda ukufumana ioksijini eninzi kwimiphunga eyonakeleyo, ngethemba lokubanika ixesha elingakumbi lokwakha amajoni omzimba. Oku kufuna umthombo wemaski (enokuthi i-thermoformed okanye i-3D iprintwe, okanye iguqulelwe kwi-spray-painted respirator. Eyesibini yi-time-cycle pressure-limiting mechanical respirator. Ingasebenzisa i-vacuum yokusebenzela kunye ne-dimmer switch. isetyenziselwa ukubonelelwa komoya olungelelaniswayo, ivalve yokutshiza ephuculweyo isetyenziselwa ukuphefumla kunye neevalvu zokuphefumla, zonke zilawulwa yifowuni ephathwayo ngesinxibelelanisi se-headset okanye ezinye izibali-xesha ezilungelelanisiweyo, kwaye i-stereo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhulisa umqondiso wefowuni ephathwayo ( la macandelo Ukuba i-ventilator iphelile, intente kwindawo yokupaka esibhedlele iya kuvelisa i-peak inhalation pressure ye-50-100 cm H2O kunye ne-20-50 cm yoxinzelelo lokuphefumula (PEEP) inqanaba le-oksijini ye-40-60%. Ayifumaneki, i-pulse oximeter ingasetyenziselwa i-titration kuzo zombini iimeko, i-oksijini inokunikezelwa ngepayipi yetanki yokugcina esibhedlele, i-tank yokugcina ngexesha le-welding okanye i-Dewar kukho ingxaki yokusasazwa kweoksijini, ungasebenzisa imigqomo yentsimbi yegilasi yolwelo lwe-oxygen. Ezi ndlela zokungenisa umoya zingenza i-atomize intsholongwane kwisigulana, kubangele imfuno yokubamba i-100% yokuphefumula umoya kwi-filter okanye i-fume hood , Ngaloo ndlela yenza isigulana siphelelwe amandla, sidinwe ngaphandle okanye sibhubhubhu kwi-bleach.
Inokusebenza, kodwa umthamo mkhulu. Imitha ye-Ultraviolet inokubulala iintsholongwane, imitha ye-ultraviolet kunye nezinye iibhaktheriya. Ukongezelela, xa ubonakaliswe kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet, i-vitamin D3 iveliswa esikhumbeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba phambi kokuba ufune isitshizi sokuphefumla, ibhedi yelanga ecocekileyo inokuba lukhetho olulungileyo lonyango.
Iiseli ze-T zisusa ivithamin D ukuze isebenze ukubulala iiseli zentsholongwane! Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kwenza ukuba isibulala-ntsholongwane siphumelele! …. Izibane ze-Ultraviolet B / C ziya konakalisa iDNA ukuyibulala. Nangona i-UVA ngenene ikhuselekile ekuvezweni komntu. Elangeni (ukuba nje lingatshi), inokuba yindlela entle yokuba sempilweni!
Isetyenziselwa echibini, ukuqubha/ukucoca amanzi ejacuzzi! I sanitizer yesandla ilungile nayo! Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuze uqonde ngcono iinzuzo kunye nobungozi bokukhanya kwelanga!
Ngokufanayo, inkangeleko enokufaneleka ibonakala ngathi abanye abantu benze imizamo ebanzi ngale ndlela ilandelayo: https://app.jogl.io/project/121#about
Molo, ungandixelela, ukuba kunokwenzeka, yeyiphi inzwa ye-O2 endinokuyithenga kwaye ndinethemba lokuhambelana neqonga le-arduino?
"Ke ngoko, ukuba kukho imfuno enkulu yokungena komoya, ndicebisa i-DIY yoyilo lwemiphunga yentsimbi yokungena komoya"
Ukongeza, xa yakhiwe njengenqwelo eqengqelekayo, inenzuzo yokungahlali ebhedini. Icuthene kunebhedi eqhelekileyo.
Ewe, umphunga wentsimbi uyasebenza. Yintoni engalunganga ngabo ngoku. Isaziso esifutshane sesona silula, kwaye akunzima kakhulu kuye nabani na onolwazi lobunjineli kunye nolwazi lombane.
Ukujonga impendulo, ngaba nabani na ocinga ngokuguqulwa okulula, oko kukuthi, ukongeza iivalve ezimbini zokutshekisha kwisixhobo somlilo kunye nokudibanisa i-flywheel kunye nomlawuli kwintonga yokudibanisa, ukuze ubude be-stroke bulungelelaniswe ukulawula Umthamo we impompo nganye yemibhobho. Ivalve yokungena nayo inokudityaniswa nenkqubo yokutya oksijini ukunyusa umxholo we-o2. Inxalenye yokugqibela iya kucebisa indlela yokusetyenzwa kunye nokucoca irhasi ekhutshwa emiphungeni… ngumbono nje.
Ngaba oomatshini be-CPAP/BiPAP banokuqhekeka yisoftware ukuze basebenze njengabaphindayo? Ezinye iimodeli zeBiPAP ziphantse zafana nezixhobo ezithengiswa njengee-ventilators. Akuyi kunceda i-oxygenation, kodwa ndicinga ukuba iingxaki ze-oksijini zilula ukusombulula (igesi ye-welding, iijeneretha ze-oksijini zixhaphake izixhobo zonyango zendlu)
Sebenzisa ii-COTS…izinto ezingaphandle kweshelufu…nantoni na enokuphinda isetyenziswe…ingaba ibhotile yosana ifakwe “inyumba ngokwaneleyo” ukuze idibanise iindawo ekungenjalo kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezibulala iintsholongwane okanye izinto ezithile ezingenatyhefu? Ngaba singakwazi ukongeza impompo ye-bellows kubo? Ngaba isicoci se-HEPA sokwenyani sifanelekile kunyango lomoya emva kwezigulana?
Ewe, ezi mpendulo "kufuneka ziqinisekiswe" ziyi-myopic kwaye azinangqondo. Shiya indoda encinci emva kwekhethini yodwa.
Ndicinga ukuba eSudan okanye eIndiya, xa izigidi zabantu zibulawa, nokuba zisebenza kuphela i-70% yexesha (engasebenzi), ziyavuya ukuyisebenzisa, oku kuthetha ukufa.
Kuhle ukwabelana ngeeprojekthi ze-3d eziprintwayo ukuze wonke umntu azibandakanye...
Ewe, uninzi lwamalungu angengobalulekanga anokwenziwa lula ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lwefilament kuninzi lwabashicileli inokuba yinjongo elungileyo yoyilo ukuphumeza “ukwenziwa kosasazo” ukuze iindawo zenziwe ngamavolontiya okanye iiworkshop ezincinci ze3D, Kwaye zinokudityaniswa indawo yokuhlangana. isidingo.
Kule minyaka, ndibone iinzame ezininzi zeeprojekthi ezinjalo, kwaye ushicilelo lwe-3d ayisiyiyo into oyifunayo. Izinto ezingabalulekanga zinokwenziwa nge-vacuum forming, isinyithi okanye ukwenziwa kweplastiki, ukwenziwa komatshini wemveli kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa komthi, ezikhawulezayo, ezingabizi kakhulu kwaye zihlala ixesha elide. Ukuba ayiguqulwanga nje ibe ngamacandelo eCOTS (stock). Ushicilelo lwefilament ye-3D alulunganga kangako kolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Bendiphanda indlela yokutshintsha amavili ebhedi esibhedlele ewonakeleyo eNepal kwaye ndicebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe amavili alula encazo. Itshiphu, ilula, iyafumaneka, kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko. Emva kweveki yokulwa nomshicileli we-diy filament, ndiyathemba ukuba abo bantu bacinga-PRINT-amavili eebhedi zesibhedlele ayiphumelelanga, kwaye emva koko uzame ukuyiprinta ngokhuni, ucingo kunye nazo zonke ezinye iziqinisekiso zokukhusela ukuba zingaphumi. Konke kungenxa yokuba isibingelelo sabo sinikelwe kuthixo omnye kuphela, yaye igama lakhe elithi PRUSA. Abantu bafa ngenxa yala mampunge.
Ndenze uluhlu oluvulekileyo lokugqwesa kunye neendawo eziprintiweyo ze-3D ezifunekayo kwi-corona. Ukuba unayo nantoni na, nceda uyongeze kuluhlu.
Kufuneka uqale uvumele isibhedlele sifakele iibhalbhu ze-UV kwisixokelelwano se-HVAC ukuqinisekisa ngokwenene ukuba iibhalbhu ze-UV azinakunwenwa kwezinye iiyunithi/imigangatho. Izinyuko kunye nezinyusi kufuneka nazo zizisebenzise.
Imaski engu-N95_CAN_ ingaphinda isetyenziswe, ngaphandle kokuba awukwabelani ngemaski (kwaye ayizukufakwa ngamathe, isikhohlela okanye ukufuma kwe-100%.
Akufunekanga usebenzise umphunga kuba uya kuphazamisa isihluzo. Inxalenye yesiphumo se-N95 kukuba isihluzo sihlawulwe nge-electrostatically kwaye senza imisebenzi egqwesileyo xa yomile.
Ibhalbhu ye-UV / i-sterilizer / i-autoclave ilula kakhulu, yibhalbhu ye-fluorescent eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokugquma kwe-phosphor ngaphakathi.
Ijeneretha ye-ozone nayo ilula kakhulu. I-flyback transformer evela kwisibonakaliso sebhiya ye-neon, i-terminals edityaniswe kwi-2 aluminium / izikrini zentsimbi okanye ucingo lwenkukhu kwicala ngalinye le-plexiglass / plexiglass, luya kuvelisa i-ozone eninzi kwimizuzu emi-2, umoya kwigumbi Uvumba njenge. kukho isiphango kwaye unokukhohlela. (Andifuni ukuthetha ukuba ivelisa i-amps eninzi kwaye iyingozi kangakanani). Ngokucacileyo, isixhobo seleli sikaYakobi sivelisa i-ozone.
Ewe, ewe, iteyiphu yokukhohlela engathintelekiyo iya kunceda ngokungathandabuzekiyo abo bathwaxwa zizithambiso zokukhohlela ezingalawulekiyo: -D inokuba luncedo kwizithuba ezaziwayo ukuba zibhencekile kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane.
Isibane se-sterilization senziwe nge-quartz ye-UV-C, ngelixa isibane esikhanyayo senziwe ngeglasi eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke i-phosphor ayisiyiyo kuphela umahluko. Kodwa i-high-pressure mercury vapor lamp (esetyenziswa njengesibane sesitalato) inokuguqulwa ibe yi-UV-C ngokuphula ibhalbhu yangaphandle (ibhalbhu yangaphakathi enomsebenzi wokukhupha yiquartz).
Lo ngumbono omkhulu. Omnye umgqali wabonisa ukuba isixhobo esichaziweyo ayisiyiyo i-ventilator ngqo- ngaba ichanekile? Ukuba kunjalo, nceda uhlaziye isithuba ukuze sibe nokuqonda okungcono kwesiseko. Nabani na onolwazi lobugcisa kufuneka athathe inxaxheba, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu. Akukacaci okwangoku ukuba lo bhubhani uya kuba mandundu kangakanani na, kwaye lo msebenzi usekwindawo ephambili. (Ngendlela, indikhumbuza umboniso we-Apollo 13, apho iinjineli zenza izihluzi zekharbon diokside ngaphandle kwamalungu.)
Ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuhleka "Kodwa imigaqo yesixhobo sonyango!" iposti. Ingcamango ayikuko ukuthatha indawo yezi zixhobo zonyango. Umbono kukuzisebenzisa iiveki ezimbalwa kwaye emva koko uzilahle nje ukuba ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ufikelele kwelinye isiphelo segophe lentsimbi kwaye unokumelana nokusebenza rhoqo esibhedlele (usebenzisa izixhobo ezilawulwayo ezikhoyo), okanye ukuwohloka koluntu. Ukubaluleka koqinisekiso lwesixhobo kusezantsi noko. Xa enye indlela “isisixhobo esingalawulwayo” okanye ukufa okunokwenzeka, ndiyakrokrela ukuba bambalwa abantu abaya kukhetha ukufa.
Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane ngokwenene, eyona nto ixhalabisayo kukungcoliseka komoya ngomjelo wokuhlamba wamanzi ashushu. Amanzi kufuneka amkeleke amanzi angenazintsholongwane: sebenzisa inkqubo yokujikeleziswa kwelahleko iyonke (amanzi etephu kamasipala acociweyo kwilizwe lokuqala lamanzi anokwamkeleka (amanzi angena etephini, afudunyezwe sisifudumezi, aze adlule kwigumbi elinamaqamza ngaphakathi. yona) ) Ipasile kwaye ilahliwe). Ukuba akukho nikezelo luqhubekayo lwamanzi acocekileyo, izinto zinokuba nzima. Indlela yokuvala imichiza esetyenziselwa ukujikeleza kwamanzi ayiyi kufuna ukukhutshwa kwegesi kumlambo womoya (okanye nayiphi na igesi ekhutshiweyo kufuneka ibe yinto engathandekiyo kwimeko embi kakhulu, kodwa ingabi yingozi ngokwenene). Inokusebenza kwinqanaba lokubilisa okanye unyango lwe-UV oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nexesha elaneleyo lokuhlala. Uyilo lwegumbi lokugquma lukhohlisayo. Ubungakanani bayo bufuna ukuphepha ukutsala amanzi kumlambo womoya, kodwa ungabi mkhulu kakhulu ukuphepha ukuqokelela ifilimu emileyo kwindawo efudumeleyo kunye nefumileyo.
Khumbula, unyango lwamanzi lwekhemikhali kwigaloni nganye yetisipuni yeblitshi, okanye amathontsi ama-6 e-iodine ngegaloni nganye, ikwafuna iyure yexesha lokuhlala ukuze isebenze.
Ngokumalunga namanzi angenazintsholongwane: endaweni yokusebenzisa i-0.9% yomxube we-saline oyinyumba (ukuba awukhuseli umatshini wakho). Oku kufanele ukuba kusafumaneka esibhedlele. Xa ndivavanya amachiza kwithisisi yam yobugqirha, ndiyisebenzisa njengesithuthi sokuphefumlela amahashe (ndingugqirha wezilwanyana). Ubuncinci bunyumba, kwaye ekubeni ukuxinwa kwe-electrolytes kufana naloo nto emzimbeni, ayicaphuki ngaphantsi (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi) kwamanzi acocekileyo.
Inye into ekufuneka niyiqaphele nonke: Sithetha ngezigulana ezingabantu ababaluleke kakhulu abanemiphunga esele iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Yonke impazamo encinci, umzekelo-umlinganiselo othile we-pathogens/amasuntswana emoyeni (ukucoca?)-uxinzelelo oluncinci lwexesha elithile luphezulu kakhulu (ngaba lunokulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo?)-ezinye izinto eziguqukayo emoyeni ( ukusuka kwi-rubber okanye kwiplastiki ) Ibangela ezinye izifo ezivuthayo kwindlela yokuphefumula ephantsi-ukuqokelela kwe-CO2 (ichithwe kwi-HCO3- kunye ne-H +, iya kutshintsha i-pH kwimiphunga kunye negazi!) Inokuba ngumahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa.
Uluvo nje. Andithethi ngemimiselo, kodwa ndifake umoya wamahashe angaphezu kwama-2,000 phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele, kwaye ngokuqwalasela ukusebenza kwemiphunga yawo, amahashe abaluleke kakhulu kunabantu. Musa ukuyijongela phantsi ingozi!
Ewe, sele kukho ukunqongophala kwe-saline yebanga lezonyango (0.9%) kwilizwe lonke, kodwa kusekho ulwazi olulungileyo.
Hmm, ikofu entsha emnyama? Ndicinga ukuba iye yafudunyezwa ukuya kutsho kuma-50 degrees celsius kwaye iqulethe amachiza endalo athomalalisa iintsholongwane, i-phenols, kunye ne-caffeic acid. Kodwa ewe, ukuba unamandla okwenza ikofu eyongezelelweyo, ungayisebenzisa ukufudumeza amanzi kwaye ufefe ityuwa kuwo.
Le. zonke ezi. Ukuba awungochwepheshe bezonyango, unokusebenzisa ixesha lakho kunye namandla akho ngcono ukukhusela abantu bendawo ukuba bangangcoliswa. Yiba liqhawe lakho namhlanje ukuze usindise umntu obengayidingi i-ventilator kwasekuqaleni.
Molo, Gqr. Leclerc, ndiyingcali yezonyango kwaye ndisebenza kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli ezithile. Ngoku ndikhangela umcebisi wezonyango. Ingaba unomdla?
Ingakanani ivolumu kunye noxinzelelo oluthathayo ukuphefumla rhoqo kwimizuzwana emi-5? Kwanele ukunika izigulane iilitha ezili-15 ze-oxygen ngomzuzu.
IHydrojeni intsha kakhulu njengerhasi yonyango kunyango lwezifo zokuphefumla. Isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-ARDS eHubei, eChina. Kungaba kuhle ukuyisebenzisa kunye neoksijini eqhelekileyo ukudibanisa ne-ventilator kunye nokongeza useto lwayo. I-Hydrogen ibonakaliswe inhibit cytokines. Olu luxwebhu malunga ne-hydrogen njengegesi yonyango-https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2019.00696/full
Ndiyinjineli yombane nenzulu, ndigxile kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko. Ithisisi yam yePhD imalunga noyilo lwesoftware yeenkqubo ezinjalo. Ukuba ndicinga ukuba inokwenzeka, ndikulungele ukuxhasa iprojekthi. Ndazise ukuba ndinganceda.
Molo Thomas-ukuba usenomdla undazise-kukho iimbono zokuba ndiyingcali yokuphefumla, ngaphandle kukaBill.
Ke ngubani oya kuhlawulela i-FDA (okanye nayiphi na imirhumo yendawo) izatifikethi zesiqinisekiso? Iifektri ezifuna ukuyithengisa kuya kufuneka ziqinisekiswe. Oko kuyabiza.
Ukuba uvelisa imveliso engayi kusetyenziswa eUnited States, awuyidingi i-FDA. Ngokomzekelo, nangona ingavunywanga yi-FDA, amaNdiya aya kukuvuyela ukukhetha olu khetho (kodwa ngokucacileyo lusebenza). Makhe sibone ukuba nabani na e-United States uya kufa kuba abafuni ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingavunywanga yi-FDA. Ngendlela, kumnandi ukubona zonke ezi ngcamango zaseMelika zivela, kwaye olu hlobo lweshiti lutshayela ihlabathi. Singumntu nje omnye, ngoko kufuneka sicinge njengomntu omnye.
Kuthekani ukuba ioksijini iveliswa ngamanzi acocekileyo e-electrolysis (oko kukuthi kwi-electrode yegraphite eqhutywa ngumthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo) ize yongezwe emoyeni wesigulana? Ewe kunjalo, ihydrogen nayo iyaveliswa-ihydrogen ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela amandla athile, okanye inokukhutshwa ngaphandle kwesakhiwo ngezixhobo ezilula.
Iingcali zonyango zingawuphendula lo mbuzo ngcono kunam, kodwa intombi yam (efunda ukuba ngugqirha) yandichazela oku. Xa kunikwa ioksijini ecocekileyo, umzimba uyonqena. Unokufumana lula ioksijini eyaneleyo, ukuze ungaphefumli ioksijini eninzi njengakwezinye iimeko. Kuba uphefumla kancinci, wukhuphe kancinci. Oku kuya kuqokelela i-carbon dioxide, eyingozi kwimpilo yakho.
Ndingatsho ukuba ioksijini yakho iphantse ichanekile, ngakumbi inetyhefu kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Uthetha ngezigulane ezine-COPD, isifo, i-oksijini eninzi iya kuphazamisa ukuphefumla kwabo, kodwa izigulane ezininzi Akukho COPD, kwaye ukuba bafuna i-oksijeni eninzi-ngokuqinisekileyo akufanele bathintele i-oksijini, siyaqonda i-100% yeCOPD izigulane njengoko
Enkosi. Njenge-RT, kumnandi ukubona abanye beqhubela phambili ngamazwi anengqiqo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba kubonakala ngathi akukho mvumelwano. Bendijonge iindlela zokwenza umshicileli we3D asebenze kakuhle. Ezi ziisayithi nje ezimbini ezineefayile ze-STL ezikhutshelwayo.
Eyona nto ithembisayo idinga isilika ye-antibacterial ukuprinta iimaski. Inzuzo kukuba isigxina. Nazi iimaski endizifumene zinomdla:
https://www.overstock.com/PUREMENT® antibacterial orange filament 1.75mm, PLA enokubulala ibhaktheriya (iipakethi enye)
Andiqinisekanga ukuba ungasebenzisa umshicileli ukwenza iimaski, iimaski ze-M95 zenzelwe ukuvumela umoya ukuba ungene, kodwa zinokukhuphela ngaphandle iintsholongwane, ezincinci kakhulu kunezo zelaphu ezininzi.
Enye indawo endifuna ukuyibona ngoku yinkqubo yokukhusela umzimba esetyenziswe kwi-movie "Andromeda". Kukho izizathu ezininzi-ingakumbi kwizigulane-ukuba nje izigulane ezisegumbini zingayisebenzisa, kulula ukungena nokuphuma, okonga ixesha kunye nokunye. Ikhuselekile kwaye inokucocwa kwaye iphinde isetyenziswe. Ukungena okanye ukuphuma kwigumbi lokuhlala wedwa kuyabiza kwaye kudla ixesha, kwaye kunzima kakhulu kubasebenzi abaxakekileyo, kwaye kukho izinto eziyimfuneko ezifuna igumbi lokuhlala wedwa ukuze ube wedwa.
Nangona usulelo lwangoku aluqinisekisi izinga lokuzihlukanisa, nceda ucinge ngentsholongwane ye-Ebola. -Ndithumele i-imeyile-bill2resist@gmail.com
Abantu abanolwazi oluyimfuneko lwezonyango kunye namava yibottleneck yokugqibela ekwandiseni inani leebhedi ze-ICU. Sombulula le ngxaki.
Siza kunceda. Siliqela labavelisi abavela kuMazantsi-ntshona eColorado. Indlu yaMandla yoMenziLab @杜兰戈 (Durango). Namhlanje sixoxe ngale nto kanye phambi kokufunda eli nqaku. Luluphi ulwalathiso olukhoyo ngokuphathelele ukuba ubani uyakhokela ekunxibelelaniseni intlangano? Kubonakala ngathi uyilo kufuneka lukhutshelwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye lula. Ufumene oku kwakhona. https://panvent.blogspot.com/?m=1
Ndiyinjineli yakwa-Siemens Energy. Uhlala kwiirobhothi zokuhlola ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ndifuna nokubonelela ngobuchule bam kwicandelo lezokwakha kunye ne-elektroniki ukunceda kule projekthi. Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwi-3D yoyilo oluprintwayo (iimaski, imilomo, iadaptha, izindlu, njl.). Ngokoluvo lwam, abashicileli be-3D bakhona ngamanani amakhulu phantse kuyo yonke indawo kwaye kufuneka basetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezinjalo xa kunokwenzeka. Sifuna umntu okhokela iprojekthi kwaye unokuchaza iphakheji yomsebenzi wokuqala kunye neqela elifanelekileyo lokuqalisa. Kwakhona siya kufuna amavolontiya avela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nonyango, ukhathalelo olunzulu, i-3D design, i-fluid mechanics, i-electronics, i-procurement, i-social media, njl. Abafuni ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo, kodwa bafuna ukuwenza umsebenzi!
Molo Stefan, makhe ndithethe malunga neendawo zokungenisa umoya okwethutyana. Ndingugqirha wokuphefumla kunye nogqirha womkhosi kunye nomkhosi waselwandle, ngoko ke ndiqhele ukusebenza ebaleni. Kodwa andiyonjineli. Ndinoyilo kwaye ndingafumana uncedo kwiHope Foundation ngoMvulo. Ukuba ndiyakwazi, ndingasebenzisa isandla esinye.
Ndinganceda ukuqalisa umsebenzi ngokucebisa ukuba singajongi kuphela kwii-vents ngokwazo, kodwa kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza zokusebenzisa i-vents. Uninzi lwama-vents lufuna i-50 PSI yomoya kunye ne-oxygen, kwaye zonke zifuna i-120V. Isenokungafumaneki kuyo yonke indawo. Ngoko ke, ukubandakanya ngokuzimeleyo kuya kunceda, kunokuba uchithe izibonelelo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthembeka. Ngoko yigcine ilula. Isiphakamiso sam kukwenza umatshini ofana ne-MA1, kukho ezinye iimatshini apho-iintaka kunye nabo bonke abantu, kodwa yonke i-therapist iyayazi i-MA1 kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo. Sizibiza ngokuba zizatifikethi zokuthintela iimbumbulu.
Ziquka i-bellows yokulawula umthamo (ofunekayo ukulawula okuchanekileyo), i-motor controller yokubeka ivolumu kwi-loop, kunye nesixhobo sokuxuba igesi ukulawula i-oxygen. Kusenokufuneka ukulawula iindlela ze-PEEP. Uxinzelelo oluseleyo kwinkqubo phakathi kokuphefumla. Ukuba udlula umda obekiweyo, kuya kufuneka ukhalise i-alam yokuba uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu-musa ukuvuthela imiphunga yakho, ukuba sinokongeza indlela yokuphefumla okuzenzekelayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuya kuchazwa ngokubanzi.
Kukho iinketho ezininzi zeesekethe kunye neevalvu zokukhupha umoya. Zonke zikhoyo kwiimarike, kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isiphaluka esilula kunye nenxalenye yevalve yokukhupha umoya kunye nevalve yokukhupha. Yile nto ibonakala ngayo ngoku kunye nendlela isekethe eyenziwa ngayo. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu zokuphefumla-uninzi zisebenzisa iivalvu ze-pneumatic ezivula kwaye zivale wonke umoya ukuze ubaleke, kodwa i-Servo isebenzisa ityhubhu eguquguqukayo, eboshwe ngengalo yentsimbi, kwaye inoyilo oluhle.
Ukongeza kwizityalo zokuvelisa okanye iifektri ezinokuthi zenziwe ekhaya, kuthekani ukuba sibonelela ngezisombululo zoyilo kuzo zonke iindawo zomenzi kwaye sibize uluntu lwabenzi bokukhupha ezi zinto. Ngaba wonke umntu uyaphuma emsebenzini?
Kutheni ungavelisi nje uyilo olusekwe kumalungelo awodwa abenzi aphelelwe lixesha? Ndicinga ukuba i-ventilator ineminyaka emininzi ngaphambili kuno-2003. Imfuno yengxaki yangoku ayikokuvelisa ii-ventilators ezinoyilo lwamva nje, kodwa ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza ii-ventilators ezisebenzayo kwizigulana ezigulayo. Andiqinisekanga ukuba zingaphi izithinteli eziya kuvunyelwa yi-FDA. Mhlawumbi kunjalo, sibhale nje amakhulu, amawaka okanye izigidi zobomi egameni lokuthobela. Kungenjalo, kunokubakho iseti efanelekileyo yokuxolelwa enokuthi ihlanganise ababoneleli abasebenzisa itekhnoloji. Andazi impendulo, kodwa ndifikelele kwisivumelwano nabanye abakhuthaza imfuno engxamisekileyo yoyilo lobuchwephesha obuvulekileyo.
Bubble CPAP (yaphuhliswa ngumhlobo wam uJenny Wung, MD kwiSibhedlele soBantwana sase-Columbia) https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/fisher-and-paykel-bubble-cpap-18470469633.html
Ukuba ithe yawa ngokupheleleyo, inani lokufa linokuba likhulu ngakumbi. Ndiza kuqhuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo "lwe-Apollo 13" kule nto ukunqanda ukutshutshiswa. Ngapha koko, ukuba bafuna ukwenza amawaka "amabanjwa esazela" emva kokusindisa ubomi, ngoko banokulindela olona qhushululu lwasekuhlaleni kwimbali. Ukuba izenzo zam zisindise abantu abaninzi, ndingavuma kwaye ndizingce ngokuchitha ixesha, kuthekani ngawe?
Molo, ngumbono nje, kodwa ngaba i-BMP085 okanye izinzwa ezifanayo zingasetyenziswa? Ndisebenzise iPolymorph ukwenza i-BMP085 yokuguqula inaliti kumfuniselo wangaphambili, kwaye isebenze kakuhle kakhulu! Kwakhona kunzima. I-Hydrogen kunye ne-pyrolytic graphite ingasetyenziswa ngokwenene. Ndikhe ndacinga ngombono wokusebenzisa abalandeli beDC abanesantya esiphezulu ababesetyenziselwa ukupholisa iPC, kodwa banokudlala indima kwesi sicelo. Kuyenzeka ukuba utshixe abalandeli abancinci abancinci kunye usebenzisa isilawuli sesantya esikhoyo, nangona kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kucoceko njengoko abanye betshilo.
Phendula. Ukuziphatha kwezonyango. Ukuba uyilo lwakho lunengqiqo, akukho mntu uya kugxeka ukuziphatha kwakho. Kuxhomekeke kugqirha ngamnye ukuba asebenzise into enokunceda endaweni yokuba angenzi nto. Ndiyathemba ukuba uninzi lwabantu luya kuvota ngezazela zabo kwaye balungelelanise amaxwebhu abo kamva.
Ngoko ke, ukuba i-valve ye-PEEP (i-Positive End Pressure) enemiphunga yensimbi ayisebenzi kakuhle, kukholelwa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-PEEP olunemingxuma ye-vent luya kunceda ukunyanzela ulwelo ukuba luphume kwi-alveoli kwaye lungene kwinkqubo yokujikeleza. Nangona kunjalo, ubuncinci xa isigulana sidiniwe ngenxa yokusebenzisa imiphunga yentsimbi, ingaba i-o2 inokuhlala kunye ne-oxygen ye-industrial kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumla. Ndifunda inqaku leWikipedia. Kukho izitywina zodongwe entloko nasentanyeni (mhlawumbi amalungu ebhokisi). Wow, ngokwenene le yi-DIY yobudala. Qinisekisa ukuba udongwe olumanzi alutsali ubushushu bomzimba. Kwanele ukusebenzisa isinyithi ukugoba i-cannula ye-nasal yesigulane okanye ubeke nje intente ye-oxygen phezu kwentloko. Udinga kuphela ukwenza i-ppO2 emoyeni phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ufumane i-O2 efanelekileyo yokuhlala kwaye utshintshe umoya owaneleyo ukukhusela i-CO2 acidosis. Ndisabumba ilizwe apho unokulawula ngokuqinileyo i-trachea yakhe nawuphi na umntu ongazi nto. Ukuba sifuna ukuyilawula nangona kunjalo, iya kubakhubaza (ungakhathazeki nge-RSI siya kubonelela ngento yokuyilungisa, Iya kuvala imemori) i-BTW enkonzweni yam, senza yonke i-BVM, ukuba i-helicopter ayikho. ekhoyo, maxa wambi intsintsa entlango iiyure eziliqela, kodwa uthutho ezinqabileyo kufuna iivent zethu zokwenyani kunye nabongikazi okanye RT. Ndiyazi ukuba i-iron lung iye yanyamalala, kwaye i-airway efakwe kutyando kukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokuhamba, kungekhona ukuhlala, ubuncinane ukulala kwi-tube. Ngokucacileyo, inokubonelela malunga ne-100% yolawulo lwendlela yomoya kunye nokufikelela ngokuqhubekayo kwangoko kwisigulana.
Ndicinga ukuba inokuba siyilibele yonke le nto. Ubuncinci ndicinga ukuba imalunga. Beka phambili ezinye izimvo zokwenza ukusilela kwee-ventilators koomatshini kwizibhedlele zangoku. UGqr. Bird wayengoyiki imimiselo ngelo xesha, kodwa wayevakalelwa kukuba kukho imfuneko kwaye wasebenza nzima ukuze avale esi sikhewu. (1) Ekubeni ndisebenze kwicandelo lezonyango kangangeminyaka emininzi, oku kungaphezu kokuba bendikukhumbula. Kufuneka sisebenze nzima ngokweemeko zethu. Sisebenzisa i-PR2 (2) njengezixhobo zokungenisa umoya. Bangoomatshini bonyango, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-MA1, baya kubonelela ngokungena umoya woxinzelelo oluhle ngamaxesha anzima. (3) Esona sixhobo sikrobileyo endisikhankanyileyo ngasentla senziwa ngokwenene ngokuntywiliselwa umbhobho wokuphefumla emanzini. Umgqomo wenkunkuma ugcwele amanzi. Ubunzulu bombhobho emanzini bulawula uxinzelelo.
Ndenze ezinye zeendawo zokuqala eziphathwayo zehelikopta kwi-70s yokuqala ukuya phakathi kwe-70s. Ngokokwazi kwam, le venti ingumfuniselo. Ndiye ndafunda i-iron emiphungeni (4) kunye nesigcina-sifuba (5). Ndikwacinga ukuba aba baqulunqi abanaxhala malunga nemimiselo kwizigaba zokuqala zophuhliso.
Ke nantsi into ekufuneka siyenze… Yekani ukucinga ngokubulala abaguli ngeengcinga zethu, kodwa nisindise ubomi babo kubhubhane. Masigcine iingqondo zethu zivulekile. Ukuba kukho into emangalisayo, ngoko kuphela ngale ndlela, kufuneka sikhathazeke ngemimiselo kunye neminye imiba.
(1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Bird (2) https://www.hksccm.org/index.php/43-relax/medical-things-of-the-past/1086-still -khumbula-le-old-ventilator (3) https://museum.aarc.org/gallery/early-icu-ventilators/ (4) https://amhistory.si.edu/polio/howpolio/ironlung.htm ( 5) https://www.hayekmedical.com/clinicians
Ngokongeza nje lo mgaqo uthembisayo, sinokuthemba ukuba amandla ethu obuchopho adibeneyo anokuphelisa ingxaki ezayo.
I-Disclaimer: Ndiyinethiwekhi kunye nenjineli yerobhothi kwaye andazi kakhulu malunga neeventilators okanye ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Kodwa ndiyazi ukuba yintoni abenzi boluvo, ii-activators, iinkqubo zolawulo, kunye nabavelisi abanezakhono.
Ke ngoko, ukuba sifuna ukubonelela ngenkcazo yengxaki, enjengokubonelela nge-250,000 ye-ventilators yoomatshini ukongeza malunga ne-160,000 yezibhedlele zase-US ezikhoyo ngoku, sinokuthathela ingqalelo ezi meko zilandelayo:
1) Hlaziya zonke izixhobo ezidala kwindawo yokugcina esibhedlele 2) Hlasela iklinikhi yezilwanyana kuba ndikholelwa ukuba ugqirha wezilwanyana OKANYE umatshini unokulungiswa ukuba usetyenziswe ngabantu 3) Lungisa isoftware ecaleni kwebhedi kumatshini weCPAP ukuze isetyenziswe i-subset yezigulane 4 ) Faka iprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo kwi-3D yokushicilela inguqu ehlaziyiweyo ye-1965 Harry Diamond Laboratory "I-Army Emergency Breathing Apparatus". Liqhekeza leplastiki, ngokucacileyo linejelo le-bistable fluid eliqhutywa yigesi ecinezelweyo ukuya kuyo. Itshintsha phakathi kweendlela zokuphefumlela kunye nokukhupha umoya. https://agentgallery.com/objects/rare-1965-prototype-harry-diamond-labs-respirator Eyona nto ipholileyo ngolu yilo kukulula kwayo (akukho malungu ashukumayo) kwaye kunokuba lula ukuprinta kwe-3D 5) Uphuculo oluqwalaselweyo i-vent ineevalvu ezimbini kunye ne-bellows. https://www.instructables.com/id/The-Pandemic-Ventilator/ Ndicinga ukuba inokuveliswa ngobuninzi kusetyenziswa iivalvu zokulawula ukunkcenkceshela (ukusuka kwi-Home Depot) kunye neesensonsi zoxinzelelo ezininzi (ukusuka kwiindawo ze-auto zaseNapa)6. I-Bellows pusher ene-wiper motor yokusula. Kuvakala ukuba yinto yokuqala, kodwa ukuba usebenzisa i-sensor echanekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula, inokusebenza kakuhle 7) (ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela ziyasilela, kwaye ukuba sisafuna izigulane ze-250,000): Weld i-3RPM elungiselelwe i-motor ukuya kwi-10′ Iikhamera ezininzi zibekwe. kumbhobho omde. Unokukhetha inani le-cam lobes ukuqikelela inani elichaziweyo lokuphefumla ngomzuzu kunye nokuphakama kwecam lobe yomthamo we-tidal. Ikhamera iqhuba umqolo wemivumbo, kwaye imibhobho iqhuba isitayile seetyhubhu, ezithi zisiwe kwizigulana ezininzi kwiwadi enkulu. Imbi kakhulu, kodwa inokwandisa
Olu luyilo olulula. Ngokwenene isebenzisa enye yeeMasks ze-Bag-Valve-Masks ezisebenza ngesandla [https://www.allmri.com/images/product_images/original_images/bild.jpg] kwaye iyibeke kunye ne-motor/spindle Phantsi kwebhanti eqhotyoshelweyo. Ukuvula isigqubuthelo sevalve ye-airbag, injini yombane iya kubaleka, ivuthuze i-shaft engundoqo, kwaye iqinise ibhanti ejikeleze i-airbag. I-patent iqulethe iifoto;
Molo, ndiyawuthanda lo mnqweno. Kodwa hlala ukhumbula ukuba umntu ulindele ukuba oku kusebenze, kuhlaziywe oomatshini abadala-uninzi lwabo baya eMexico okanye kwilizwe lehlabathi lesithathu kwaye basasebenza, bethatha uxanduva lokugcina i-vents yakudala e-United States. Ukuba ufuna ukuzama uyilo lomoya omtsha osekwe kwiPurritan Bennet MA1, ilula kwaye inokuthenjwa- ingaba unayo iziseko kwaye inokwanela ukubonisa indlela esebenza ngayo, kodwa khumbula ukuba bafuna isekethe ukusebenza- Kukho a ivalve kwisiphaluka se-MA1, ngoko ke kunokubakho indibano yevalve kwi-vent, ngoko ke kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Isifudumezi kunye nesimswakama zilungile, kodwa sisebenzisa i-HME ngoku-ke musa ukubila.
Ukusebenzisa i-vent enye kwizigulana ezininzi-kuvakala kulungile, kodwa eneneni ayisiyiyo inketho-izinto ezininzi zinokuhamba kakubi. Isigulana siwe sakhulula isixhobo sokuphefumla.
Ubuchwephesha bakho busebenza kwiimotor zolawulo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-valve zemfuno kunye nezinzwa zoxinzelelo, ezi zinto zisetyenziswayo ngoku zonke ii-vents. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usafuna ukwakha i-vents, nceda unamathele kwiziseko, kwaye sinokuyilungisa kamva ngezincedisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngesethi yevolumu emiselweyo kwi-cc okanye kwi-L kuluhlu lwe-500 okanye i-700 cc kwizinga elimiselweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-8-10 bbm) amaxesha amaninzi ngomzuzu. Ipesenti ye-oxygen (FiO2) malunga ne-40%. Mhlawumbi i-peek kufuneka inyuswe ngo -5 cm, kwaye ukuhamba kwesiseko yi-10 L: / M kuya kuba kuhle.
Ndiyavuya ukunceda, kodwa ndiyinjineli engakholelwayo ekuvuseleleni amavili. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ndiyazi ukuba imizekelo emihle ekhoyo yenzayo kunye nento esizama ukuyixelisa. Ngokufanelekileyo, ndifuna iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo zomatshini okhoyo. Oku kuthetha yonke into, ukusuka kubukhulu betyhubhu ukuya kulawulo. Ndiqinisekile ukuba uninzi lwethu lunokuwisa “abalandeli bokungenisa umoya” ngomso, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuyingozi ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na intsholongwane. Ke ngoko, into esiyidingayo lucaciso olupheleleyo lomatshini ofunekayo? Umoya ongakanani, kangaphi. Ngaba ukufudumeza/ukupholisa kuyafuneka? Ngaba idinga ukongeza amanye amagalelo (amayeza? Ukufuma?) njl njl. Ukuba imodeli yoyilo epheleleyo inikezelwe kwaye akukho malungu aqeqeshiweyo afunekayo, kuya kundithatha iinyanga ezininzi (ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6) ukuvelisa nayiphi na imveliso. Iiyunithi ezamkelekileyo, singasathethi ke ngobuninzi obunokufuneka. Mhlawumbi kuya kubakho imeko enjalo, siya kufuna inguqulelo ekrwada kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa ye-ventilator esisiseko? Nangona kunjalo, sisafuna iinkcukacha ezithile ezisisiseko malunga nomsebenzi wale yunithi. Kwakhona, ndingakuvuyela ukukunceda, kodwa kufuneka ndiyazi into endifuna ukuyenza.
Ngokuqinisekileyo le yinto efunekayo ngoku. Njengoko bendisandula ukuthumela, ndicinga ukuba kulula kakhulu ukusombulula imida yee-ventilators ezikhoyo ngokuphuma kwe-nebulization kunokuza noyilo olutsha. Kodwa okokuqala, sifuna isikhokelo sobuchwephesha malunga nokuba yintoni ekufuneka iqhekezwe kunye neenkcukacha ezinxulumeneyo.
Molo Vinny-ndikunye nawe. Kudala ndilandela ibhlog yabalandeli kwaye kuyacaca ukuba abantu abaninzi apha abayazi indlela yokwenza ifeni (okanye nantoni na eyenye) kamsinya nje bakuva malunga noshicilelo lwe-3D. Ndifuna ukwazi ukuba zingaphi ii-ventilators “ezindala” okanye ezaphukileyo ezikhoyo? Ingaba kukho ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zasesibhedlele ezisetyenzisiweyo? Amacandelo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo? Omnye umntu kufuneka abe nencwadana yomsebenzisi okanye incwadi yenkonzo yaba matshini kwezinye iindawo. Okanye, ukuba unethamsanqa ngokwenene, nikezela ngeseti epheleleyo yemizobo kunye namaphepha enkqubo. . Ndingade ndibe ikopi xa kuyimfuneko. Ndineworkshop yoomatshini epheleleyo eDotona Beach (eDotona Beach) kunye nomvelisi wasekhaya wezixhobo zonyango (enegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nesiqinisekiso), apho bendihlala khona. Ungaqhagamshelana nam BuyRaceDayProducts@gmail.com.
1) Oogqirha abaninzi abayiqondi iteknoloji. Basebenzisa zonke itekhnoloji ngobuchule, kodwa ndithetha ngokuqhekeza izinto kunye nokwazi ukuba zisebenza njani. 2) Ukuba bafaka isandla kule nto, banokuxhalaba malunga noxanduva, batyholwa ngokusasaza ukwesaba kwaye bagwetywe yimizimba yabo yobungcali. 3) Esi inokuba sisizathu sokuba kuwo onke la maqela ungaboni oogqirha abanzima besenza ubuncinci obulula obucacileyo boyilo lwe-ventilator.
Kukho uyilo olusisiseko lothutho lwezigulane kunye nokusetyenziswa ngumkhosi kwiingxaki ezixhaswe yi-oksijini ecinezelekileyo, usebenzisa i-pneumatic logic ukujikeleza phakathi kwezigaba zokuphefumla kunye nokuphefumla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-venturis ukuthwala umoya. Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko kunye nee-alamu eziphosakeleyo, ezinye azihlangabezani nazo zonke iimfuno zangoku. Umzekelo, iPneuPac, iDraeger Oxylog yokuqala kunye neemveliso zeNtaka Mk7. Ukuba awuzigxeki kakhulu iinkcukacha ezinjalo zolawulo, banokusebenzisa i-Priority A, ekukukhupha umoya izigulane ngokufanelekileyo. Andiqinisekanga ngale nto, kodwa ngaba uMnu T sele evakalise ukuba ukuba kukho imiba yolawulo okanye yomthetho ethintela nayiphi na inkampani ukuba iqhubeke nokuvelisa iimveliso zale ngxaki, nceda ungakhathazeki kwaye uthathe inyathelo? Cinga ngokusebenzisa uyilo olusisiseko olukhoyo olulungelelanisiweyo.
Le nkampani yaseBhritane ibonakala ngathi iyile ezinye ii-ventilators, mhlawumbi ukubona ukuba ziya kwabelwana na, imeko apho amalungelo okuvelisa anikezelwe koomatshini abohlukeneyo / abanini bomshicileli we-3D https://breas.com/products/
Ndicinge ukuba ndiza kuyijonga le bhlog esekelwe kwiividiyo ze-Youtube ukuze ndibone ukuba iphi. Kulula ukubona izinto abantu abaninzi abangazaziyo abangazaziyo. Ndingumkhandi kwaye ndinenkampani eyenza izinto. Bendiphanda ngemowudi ye-AC inkqubo yoxinzelelo lwabalandeli kangangeentsuku ezininzi, kwaye impendulo apha ifana nokubukela inkawu izama ukufumanisa indlela yokuyisusa emthini Njengeapile.
UJustin, ewe, zininzi izithuba ezingenamsebenzi apha. Kubonakala ngathi isigqubuthelo sevalve yengxowa inokuba sisiqalo esisisiseko se-DIY ventilators. Le yiprojekthi yabafundi baseMIT ukususela ngo-2010. https://e-vent.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ DMD- 2010-MIT-E-Vent.pdf
Molo Justin, nceda ujonge le webhusayithi. Basanda kufumana isatifikethi kwiziko lezonyango laseSpain. Ingumthombo ovulekileyo kwaye ineziyilo ezi-2, enye yeyabenzi kunye neyemveliso yobuninzi.
Ukuba unento yokungqina ukuba isixhobo siqinisekisiwe, ke i-Id inomdla kakhulu ekuyiboneni.
Molo Gary, ndikuxelele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ukuba imodeli ivunyiwe ngokusemthethweni liziko lezonyango laseSpain. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nale modeli, nceda undwendwele: https://www.oxygen.protofy.xyz/home
Molo, ndingaphendula imibuzo yakho emininzi. Ndingugqirha wokuphefumla kwaye ndizenzela esam isixhobo sokuphefumla. Ngokubhekiselele kumzekelo wangoku, umqolo wokuqala we-vents ufuna i-50 ye-PSI yomoya ukuba isebenze-iqhutywe nge-pneumatically kwaye kukho iintlobo ze-2, ukujikeleza koxinzelelo okanye ukujikeleza kwevolumu. Uninzi lweendawo zokungenisa umoya ezisetyenziswa ezibhedlele ziyi-volumetric. Ivolumu elungisiweyo kwaye ihanjiswe ngamaxesha amaninzi ngomzuzu. Into ekufuneka sithethe ngayo kukuba uninzi lwezixhobo zizixhobo eziphucukileyo-azibi kakhulu-ndafunda kulo matshini ukuba oyena matshini usisiseko nguMA1, ngoku oqhele ukuba nesetingi, ngoko ke ukongeza ekuphefumleni, banokuphefumla. , ebizwa ngokuba yi-SIMV. Enye engasetyenziswanga kangako ibizwa ngokuba yi-auxiliary control. Ngoko ke, into oyifunayo ngumatshini onokunika uxinzelelo olubekiweyo okanye umthamo, uvumele isigulane ukuba siphefumle ngokwaso, unikeze uxinzelelo olusisiseko (olubizwa ngokuba yi-PEEP), kwaye uhambise i-oksijini edibeneyo.
Inkqubo endala yayifana nomtywini, enemibhobho nemibhobho kuyo yonke indawo. Intaka yosana ngumzekelo omhle, kodwa ngoku iyunithi ikhompyutheni ngakumbi kwaye iphuculwe ngakumbi. Bukela i-30,000 yeedola zeendawo zokuvula njengoko isihluzo singena kwimingxuma. Bafuna amandla e-120 kunye ne-oxygen yomoya. Ngoko ke, kule meko, musa ukujonga nje umatshini, musa ukujonga izibonelelo ezifunekayo ukuze usebenzise umatshini kunye nabasebenzi abafunekayo ukusebenzisa umatshini.
Eyona nto ifunekayo ngokukhawuleza "yinkcazo yokusebenza" enokuthi iSebe lezoKhuselo libonelele, elichaza ukuba izixhobo kufuneka zenziwe njani, kungekhona ukuba izixhobo kufuneka zisebenze. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kuchaza indlela umsebenzisi asebenza ngayo isixhobo kunye naluphi na ukunyamezela kwimbono yojongano. Kukho imibuzo esebenzayo malunga nomntu ngamnye ochaphazelekayo (ugqirha, isigulane, ingcali yezonyango) kwaye loluphi ulwazi oluthile indima nganye enayo ukuqhuba iimfuno zesixhobo. Ugqirha unikeza iiparitha eziqhelekileyo kwiingcali zonyango eziqinisekisiweyo, ezithi ke zilungise umatshini. Le teknoloji yezonyango ayinalo ilungelo lokubeka phambili imisebenzi ye-ventilator. Oogqirha abayazi indlela yokusebenzisa i-ventilator, kwaye abayiqondi indlela i-HMI ye-HMI ehlala icwangciswa ngayo. Okokugqibela, uninzi lwezibhedlele ezinoxanduva azinawo amandla aneleyo okujongana neemveliso ezithotyiweyo eziqhelekileyo kwiingxaki ezinjalo. Ngexesha elithile, awukhathali malunga nesatifikethi, kodwa ufuna nje ukuzigcina uphila. I-FDA ngokungafihlisiyo yathi: "Abalawuli abangaqinisekiswanga bahlala bebi kakhulu kunokuba bangabi nazo ii-ventilators." Bakhathalele kuphela uxanduva.
NONE CFR-2012-title21-vol8-sec868-2875.pdf
Abashicileli be-3D banokwenza eminye imisebenzi kakuhle, njengokukopa iindawo zeplastiki ngemathiriyeli efanayo kunye nokuzicocisa. Kodwa oku akuphelelanga, kwaye isantya soshicilelo lwe-3D sicotha kakhulu. Abanye abashicileli be-3D basebenzisa imathiriyeli evelisa umphunga oyityhefu. Izigulana ezinenyumoniya zithintelwe ngokupheleleyo ekusebenziseni le mathiriyeli. Xa isetyenziswa njengenxalenye yesixhobo sokungenisa umoya, inxalenye akufuneki ikhuphe umphunga onjalo.
Kwimeko yangoku, kufuneka sisebenzise nantoni na esinayo, ipayipi yobhedu, mhlawumbi i-pvc. Ukuba akukho okunye. Kusebenza ngakumbi ukuziqhelanisa nevalve ekhoyo kunokuyila imodeli yakho kwaye uthathe ixesha elide ukuprinta kwe-3D.
Ivili laqanjwa ngaphezu kweminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo. Umxholo ophantsi wobugcisa, kulula ukuwakha nokusebenza. Ngumphunga wentsimbi.
Ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yethu kunye neenkonzo, uvumelana ngokucacileyo nokubekwa kwethu komsebenzi, ukusebenza kunye neekuki zentengiso. Funda nzulu
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-09-2021
