The plasma arc combustion mode of surfacing raw materials for gate valve processing

The plasma arc combustion mode of surfacing raw materials for gate valve processing

Forging, forging, forging steel vavu amangonena kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga valavu yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chopangira chitsulo chimatanthawuza kusankha njira yopangira komanso kupangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi kuponyera zitsulo.
Ubwino wachibale wa zitsulo zopanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri ndizokwera, zimatha kupirira mphamvu, pulasitiki, kulimba ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kotero nthawi zonse zida zofunika zamakina ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zopukutira. , zitsulo zopukutira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri.
Ndi limagwirira wosakhwima, oyenera mkulu kuthamanga makhalidwe ntchito.
Kujambula ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo ziwiri za kuponyera. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi katundu wambiri komanso zovuta zogwirira ntchito m'zida zamakina nthawi zambiri zimakhala zitsulo zotayidwa, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta komanso zimakhala zozizira zozizira, kupatulapo mbale za aluminiyamu.
Mabowo akuwotcherera komanso kutayikira kwazinthu zazitsulo kumatha kuthetsedwa popanga.
Kusankhidwa kolondola kwa cheke kuti muwongolere malonda, kuwongolera mtengo kumakhala ndi ubale wabwino.
Zida zazikulu zopangira ndi carbon zitsulo, mbale zosapanga dzimbiri ndi carbon steel.
Forging chiŵerengero amatanthauza chiŵerengero cha okwana mtanda gawo gawo la zinthu zitsulo pamaso mapindikidwe kwa kufa kuswa malo pambuyo mapindikidwe.
Chikhalidwe choyambirira cha zopangira chimaphatikizapo kuponyera, ndodo zozungulira, ma aloyi a kukumbukira mawonekedwe ndi ufa wachitsulo.
Maonekedwe a zitsulo zopangira zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwinoko kuposa zida zomwezo. Forging amapangidwa ndi kukanikiza zitsulo mluza ndi kupanga zida, kuti mawonekedwe a aloyi mluza angasinthidwe kupeza processing luso ndi specifications mawonekedwe ndi katundu wabwino thupi.
Forging steel valve structure processing technology: khalidwe la valve ndi makhalidwe zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa ntchito ya valve pachipata ndi chitetezo.
Choncho, thupi la valve lopangidwa liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa malo osagwira ntchito kapena zofunikira zachitetezo cha valve ya pachipata.
Kwa DN50 valavu yoyimitsa, valavu yoyimitsa, valavu yoyang'ana, ndi zina zotero, zambiri zapakhomo zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga mapangidwe onse pambuyo pa kuwotcherera mbali zonse za flange, palinso opanga omwe amagwirizanitsa flange pamodzi.
Koma kwa mainchesi awiri pamwamba pa thupi laling'ono la caliber valve, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa makina opangira makina opangira makina olemetsa kwambiri, amafuna kuti akwaniritse chitukuko cha zigawo zazikulu zowonongeka pali vuto linalake. Choncho, opanga ambiri kuchokera kuitanitsa lalikulu ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe valavu thupi kuponyera, kapena ndi makampani ena m'mayiko ena kukhala ndi ntchito ya zida za valavu thupi.
Taichenson adagawana njira yatsopano yaukadaulo yometa ubweya wa mavavu a valve yayikulu komanso yapakatikati. Pogwiritsa ntchito ubwino wake wa chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kupulumutsa ntchito, malinga ndi kafukufuku woyesera pa teknoloji yopanga ma valve, ndondomeko ya teknoloji ya kumeta ubweya wa thupi la valve inapezedwa.
Njira yonse yometa ubweya - kupanga extrusion iyenera kutenga kukameta ubweya wa ubweya ngati njira yayikulu yopangira pulasitiki yachitsulo. Zofunikira zamakina zamakina zaukadaulo wopanga ndikuti mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito imatha kuchepetsedwa.
Komanso, zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matani a makina ofunikira pakupanga.
CHITH. Ndikuwonetsa mfundo yofunikira ya scissor-extrusion kupanga magawo a nthambi ndi mphanda.
Mzere wa diagonal pachithunzichi ukuwonetsa zone ya shear deformation mu shear - extrusion forming process.
Sikuti amangotulutsa kumeta ubweya wokulirapo kuzungulira mzere wozungulira.
Zina zonse za trichoderm zimapanga mitundu yaying'ono. Mothandizidwa ndi singano.
Chitsulo chapakati pamagulu awiri ometa ubweya chimalowa m'mphepete mwachitsulo cha chida chopera mofananamo, ndipo mphanda imapangidwa.
Kwa thupi la valve yodulidwa yokhala ndi mafoloko awiri omwe akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.
Ndi kudula extrusion kupanga chapamwamba nthambi mphanda ndiyeno kupanga m'munsi nthambi mphanda, 2 nthambi mphanda kupanga angathenso kuchitidwa sitiroko makonzedwe a singano. Pamaso valavu thupi kuchita kafukufuku wa sayansi ya sciss-extrusion kupanga ndi ntchito ndondomeko mayeso, kusankha woyamba wa t / 3 mapazi a shrinkage mbali kuchita kayeseleledwe thupi kafukufuku wa sayansi, kupeza Buku ndondomeko index wa sciss. -extrusion kupanga, kotero kuti kupanga magawo waukulu wa kupanga ndi ntchito ndondomeko mayeso.
Tengani ukadaulo waukadaulo wa DN100 wodulidwa-valavu thupi mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi woyeserera ntchito yopanga ntchito.
Mlozera ndondomeko ya DNlOOmm odulidwa valavu thupi ndi 20 zitsulo kukameta ubweya extrusion zinthu anapezedwa motere: Kutentha kutentha kwa tsitsi mluza chitsanzo ndi 1200 ℃, ndi kutentha kutentha kwa akupera chida ndi 100 ~ 300 ″C.
Mkulu chiyero graphite madzi wothandizira amasankhidwa ngati lubricant.
Singano yokhomerera ndiyopindika, ndipo pobowola singanoyo ndi ~'108mm. Zitsanzo ndi mbali zopanda kanthu ndi flanges. Zida zoyesera ndi lO00t clutch screw press, ndipo magawo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito akuwonetsedwa mu Table l. Thupi katundu popanga monga.
Malingana ndi magawo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito a makina okhomerera ndi mfundo ya kumeta ubweya - ndondomeko ya extrusion ya chitsanzo, zida zopangira zida zimapangidwa. Asanayambe kuyesera, kukula kwa mphamvu yofunikira kumawerengedwa molingana ndi zotsatira zoyeserera, zomwe zimapangidwira zitsulo komanso makina opanga zitsulo.
Pambuyo kuwerengera ndi kuwerengera, makina okhometsa 1O00t amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za Qi. Kupanga mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono odulidwa valavu thupi anazindikira mu lalikulu, ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe zipangizo, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti kudula ndi extrusion kupanga ndondomeko ali ndi makhalidwe a kuteteza chilengedwe, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kupulumutsa ntchito.
Kutha kupanga mapangidwe onse akulu ndi apakatikati odulidwa ma valve mu zida zamakono zaku China.
Kuphatikiza apo.
Kupanga ndi kupanga chitoliro cha tee ndi zigawo zina zazikulu ndi zapakatikati za foloko zitha kuphunziridwa mwasayansi ndiukadaulo wakumeta ndi kufinya.
Kupanga kungagawidwe: (1) kutsekera kotsekedwa (kufota kwaulere).
Itha kugawidwa mu forging yaulere, rotary forging, cold extrusion, extrusion forming, etc., alloy embryo imayikidwa mu forging die ndi mawonekedwe ena kuti akakamize mapindikidwe ndikupeza chitsulo choponyedwa. Malinga ndi mapindikidwe kutentha, akhoza kugawidwa mu ozizira forging (Forging kutentha ndi kutentha yachibadwa), ofunda forging (Forging kutentha ndi otsika kuposa recrystallization kutentha kwa mwana wosabadwayo zitsulo) ndi otentha forging (kunyenga kutentha ndi apamwamba kuposa recrystallization kutentha) .
(2) kufota kotsegula (kufota kwaulere).
Pali mitundu iwiri ya forging pamanja ndi makina forging. The alloy embryo imayikidwa pakati pa midadada iwiri ya anvil (chitsulo) ndipo mphamvu yamphamvu kapena yolemetsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa mapindikidwe a alloy embryo kuti apeze kuponyera kwachitsulo.
Kuyerekeza kwa mavavu opangidwa ndi zitsulo: Mavavu achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poponya zitsulo m'zigawo zoponya.
Mtundu wa aloyi woponya.
Kuponyedwa kwachitsulo kumagawidwa m'magulu atatu: chitsulo choponyera kaboni, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi aloyi wapamwamba kwambiri ndi chitsulo chapadera.
Kuponyera chitsulo ndi mtundu wa chitsulo choponyera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi njira yoponyera.
Zopangira zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ziwalo zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuoneka, zovuta kuzipanga kapena kuzipera ndipo zimafuna mphamvu zambiri komanso pulasitiki.
Kuipa kwa chitsulo choponyera chitsulo ndi chakuti poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zopangira, kuwonongeka kwa dzenje la mchenga ndikokulirapo, ndipo makinawo ndi opingasa kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yopondereza si yabwino ngati chitsulo chopangidwira. Chifukwa chake, mavavu achitsulo opangidwa ndi chitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lotsogola m'magawo ofunikira a payipi pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso kutentha kosalekeza.
Kupanga, kupangira, kukonza ukadaulo waukadaulo wazitsulo: ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ** kufutukula mutu, ku valavu yachipata mutatha kuyika munjira yotetezera (chitetezo chachitetezo cha kabowo kakang'ono kulolerana kuti muzitha kuwongolera) ngati malo owerengera, mbali zonse za kukulitsa nthawi yomweyo.
Ma valve opangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangira mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu kuposa kuthamanga kwa chipata cha valve, bowo la thupi la valavu lokulungidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri lachipata, palibe kusiyana, kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa chake, katundu wa axial uyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa.
Pamene valavu ya chipata chothamanga kwambiri imakanikizidwa ku thupi la valavu, valavu ya thupi iyenera kusinthidwa mu malire otanuka, kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yowonjezera itatha, valavu ya thupi imabwerera ku elasticity, kudzaza chipata chapamwamba cha valve kumbuyo kwa elasticity, kotero kuti amamatirana wina ndi mzake, kuti achepetse katundu wochuluka kwambiri wa axial.
Pofuna kupewa kuyika kwakukulu kwa kupsinjika kwa nthaka, mphamvu ya valavu yachitsulo yonyezimira yothamanga kwambiri pachipata cha valve ya mchira sizovuta kwambiri, pulasitiki yabwino komanso mphamvu yochepa, ndikuwongolera kuyika.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kugawanika kwa chipata cha chipata cha valve pambuyo pa mphamvu zochepa, payenera kukhala kokwanira, kotero kuti kutalika kwa gawo la chipata cha valve valve sikuchepera kawiri makulidwe ake.
Sankhani "pambuyo Kutsitsa atolankhani" luso processing, akhoza kuonetsetsa khalidwe, forging zitsulo vavu mkulu kuthamanga chipata valavu kupanga ndi processing ndi yabwino, kusintha dzuwa mkulu wa makina wazolongedza. Njira yoyaka moto ya plasma ya arc yopangira zida zopangira ukadaulo wamagetsi pachipata mkamwa kudyetsa plasma pamwamba, ufawo umatenthedwa ndi kutentha kokwanira, koma osachepetsa kuphulika kwa ufa, kuti mulingo wosungunuka upezeke.
Choyipa chachikulu cha kudyetsa ufa mkamwa ndikuti zitsulo zosungunuka za aluminiyamu zimamatira mkamwa.
Wosungunula zotayidwa aloyi kumamatira pakamwa khoma kapena polowera ndi kubwereketsa ena okwana okwana kugwera mu dziwe yankho, chifukwa kusungunuka madontho, kwambiri pamene kutsekereza dzenje pakamwa.
Pofuna kupewa zomwe zili pamwambapa, mtengo wa tungsten ndi bowo la nozzle ziyenera kukhala ndi coaxiality yapamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti ufa wa alloy umatumizidwa mofanana kuchokera pamphuno. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa gasi wa ufa kuyenera kukhala koyenera, osayambitsa kusuntha kwa chimphepo.
(1) Plasma arc combustion mode (1) Kuphatikizika kwa plasma arc: osasuntha arc amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcha alloy powder: kusuntha arc sikungathe kokha kutentha kwa alloy ufa, komanso kusungunula pamwamba pa zinthu zoyambirira.
Pazifukwa zodzipangira fusible alloy powder surfacing, chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa ufa wochuluka, zotsatira za ma arcs osasuntha sizidziwikiratu: pamene ufa wosalala umakhala ndi malo osungunuka osungunuka, zotsatira za ma arcs osasuntha ndi zoonekeratu.
Kuwotcherera koyang'ana kwa magawo oonda ndi ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri kumatengera plasma arc.
(2) Transferable plasma arc: Popeza arc yosasunthika siichita mbali yofunika, m'malo ambiri arc yosunthika yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana pamwamba, yomwe ingapulumutse magetsi osinthika.
(3) The ophatikizana plasma arc wa mndandanda magetsi arc: ali ndi mwayi kuti ion arc zabwino kwaiye pakati pa nozzle ndi m'munsi si kophweka kuwonjezera kuwomba mphamvu ya mphepo yamkuntho pa dziwe losungunuka, amene angathandize kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwakuya.
Ngakhale kutentha kwa arc uku ndikomwazikana, kumatha kukhalabe ndi tsatanetsatane wokwanira. Plasma arc ndi njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa kayendedwe kabwino ka ion arc. Ngati otaya panopa ukuwonjezeka, nozzle ablation kwambiri, koma chitukuko cha madzi kuzirala kutentha dissipation, izi zikhoza kusintha.
Njira ya plasma arc sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ku China.
(2) Njira yoperekera ufa Pakali pano, njira ziwiri zoperekera ufa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: kuperekera ufa mkati mwa mkamwa ndi kutulutsa ufa kunja kwa pakamwa. Mu nozzle kudyetsa plasma pamwamba, ufa ndi pansi pa kutentha kokwanira, komanso kuchepetsa splash wa ufa, akhoza kupeza ndi mkulu kusungunuka.
Choyipa chachikulu cha kutumiza ufa mkamwa ndikuti zitsulo zosungunuka za aluminiyamu zimamatira pakamwa.
Wosungunula zotayidwa aloyi kumamatira pakamwa khoma kapena polowera ndi kubwereketsa ena okwana okwana kugwera mu dziwe yankho, chifukwa kusungunuka madontho, kwambiri pamene kutsekereza dzenje pakamwa.
Pofuna kupewa zomwe zili pamwambapa, mtengo wa tungsten ndi bowo la nozzle ziyenera kukhala ndi coaxiality yapamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti ufa wa alloy umatumizidwa mofanana kuchokera pamphuno. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa gasi wa ufa kuyenera kukhala koyenera, osayambitsa kuyenda kwa chimphepo. Mu nozzle plasma surfacing, alloy ufa satumizidwa mu plasma arc kunja kwa nozzle, yomwe imathetsa bwino vuto la kudontha ndi kutsekeka kwa nozzle. Kuzama kosungunuka pansi pa muyezo wofananawo ndi wocheperako kuposa ufa wodyetsa pakamwa, izi ndichifukwa choti pakamwa podyetsa ufa, chimphepo chamkuntho mumphuno chatenthedwa kwambiri, ndikuwomberedwa mwachindunji ku dziwe lathanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera. : ndipo pamene pakamwa kudyetsa ufa, mphamvu yowonjezera yowomba chifukwa cha mpweya wa ufa imachepetsedwa.
The kuipa waukulu kutumiza ufa kunja pakamwa ndi lalikulu ufa kupezeka mlingo ndi otsika zotayidwa aloyi stacking mlingo.
(3) Plasma pamwamba pa nthunzi ndi aloyi ufa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino wa haidrojeni (wotchedwanso positive ion gas, arc stabilizing gas), mpweya wa ufa ndi gasi woteteza.
Hydrogen plasma arc ili ndi magetsi otsika, oyatsira okhazikika, ma elekitirodi ang'onoang'ono a tungsten ndi kutuluka kwa nozzle.
Ntchito zina zakunja ndi 70% haidrojeni ndi 30% helium ngati gasi kapena mpweya wa ufa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya plasma arc iwuke, motero imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kupanga bwino.
Nayitrojeni imagwiranso ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza, koma ndi wosowa komanso wokwera mtengo.
Pansi pamalingaliro owonetsetsa kuti ma plasma arc ndi ofanana komanso ofanana kuti atumize ufa wa alloy, kuyenda konse kwa gasi wogwira ntchito ndi mpweya woperekera ufa uyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe kungathekere, kuti achepetse mphamvu yowomba chimphepo. Mpweya wotetezera umafunika kuyenda kokwanira kuti ukhale wogwira mtima. Chifukwa aloyi ufa wa plasma arc surfacing nthawi zambiri kudzikonda fusible, palibe mpweya zoteteza sangakhale ndi zotsatira kwambiri pa khalidwe pamwamba, koma nozzle n'zosavuta kukhetsedwa mu dziwe losungunuka zitsulo mchenga zauve.
The finer ndi tinthu kukula kugawa aloyi ufa kwa pamwamba, n'zosavuta kusungunuka, koma kwambiri ufa n'zovuta kufika ufa.
Ufa wandiweyani kwambiri sizovuta kusungunuka, komanso zosavuta kuuluka kuchokera kumalo ozungulira, kuti ufa uwonongeke.
Kukula koyenera ndi 0.06 mpaka 0.112mm (120 mpaka 230 mesh/ft).
Pofuna kupewa kuti ufa usungunuke mumphuno zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale plugging, ku China amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ufa wabwino (40-120 mesh/ft) pamwamba.