Izinyathelo zokuhlola nokukhetha i-valve Izimbangela nokugcinwa kwe-valve ngokwengxenye

Izinyathelo zokuhlola nokukhetha i-valve Izimbangela nokugcinwa kwe-valve ngokwengxenye

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwe-valve kuhlanganisa amandla, ukuvala, ukumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi yezici ezinhlanu. Imikhiqizo yevalvu ngaphambi kwefekthri kufanele ibe ukuhlolwa kwamandla kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuvala, kwamanye ama-valve abaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ibe kumasampula eqoqo okumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi izici ezintathu zokuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuze i-valve yokuphepha yenze ingcindezi evulekile, ingcindezi yangemuva. kanye nokuhlolwa kokufuduka; Ukuze i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi yenze ukuhlolwa kokuzwela; Ukuze isicupho senze ukuhlolwa kokufuduka…
Ukuhlolwa kwe-valve
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yefekthri yemikhiqizo ye-valve kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana namazinga afanele kazwelonke kanye namazinga embonini. Uma kudingeka isitifiketi esifanele, sicela usicacise lapho ufaka i-oda, futhi izimali ezifanele zizokhokhiswa ngokuvumelana nokuqukethwe kokuhlolwa.
1 Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kwama-valve kuvame ukuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
● Hlola ukuthi impahla, okungenalutho, umshini kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwevalvu kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe;
● Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwe-valve kuhlanganisa amandla, ukuvala, ukumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi yezici ezinhlanu. Imikhiqizo yevalvu ngaphambi kwefekthri kufanele ibe ukuhlolwa kwamandla kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuvala, kwamanye ama-valve abaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ibe kumasampula eqoqo okumelana nokugeleza, isenzo kanye nempilo yesevisi izici ezintathu zokuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuze i-valve yokuphepha yenze ingcindezi evulekile, ingcindezi yangemuva. kanye nokuhlolwa kokufuduka; Ukuze i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi yenze ukuhlolwa kokuzwela; Ukuze isicupho senze ukuhlolwa kokufuduka;
● Amamaki okuhlolwa nopende wokufutha ohlonzayo, ukupakishwa nezinye izici kuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ezifanele, isitifiketi somkhiqizo nemiyalelo yomkhiqizo kanye neminye imibhalo yobuchwepheshe kuqediwe.
● Ukuhlola usayizi: lawula usayizi wesiphetho sokuxhuma kanye nebanga phakathi kwezindawo.
(Umfanekiso 1) Uhlobo lokukhweza ohlangothini lwe-valve yebhola ehlanganisiwe
Ukwethulwa kwezinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola ohlelweni lokukhiqiza
● Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Ngaphambi kokusakazwa, ukwakheka kwesithando somlilo ngasinye kuhlaziywa i-spectral analyzer, futhi ukwakheka kuyafaneleka ngaphambi kokusakazwa.
● I-Metallography, imingcele yezakhiwo zemishini, ubulukhuni
◆ Ukwelashwa ukushisa (austenitic insimbi engagqwali CF8, CF8M, CF3M kanye nezinye eziqinile isixazululo ukwelashwa; Ngemva normalizing the carbon steel), ukuhlaziywa metallographic wenziwa futhi izithombe metallographic zishiywe. I-oda elingafaneleki
◆ Lapho uphonsa, isithando somlilo ngasinye sinemigoqo yokuhlola engu-2 evamile kanye nezingcezu zokuhlola ezingu-2 (ezinemikhiqizo yesithando somlilo efanayo zinenombolo efanayo yesithando sokulawula ukulandelela), ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa -
(Umfanekiso 2) ivalve yebhola eneziqephu ezimbili
① Enye yezinduku zokuhlola yathathwa ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuqinile ngomshini wokuhlola oqinile ukuze kutholwe amapharamitha wemishini ahlobene: amandla aqinile, amandla esivuno, ukuphakama, ukuncishiswa kwendawo.
② Esinye sezifanekiso sahlolwa umhloli wokuqina we-Brinell ukuze athole ubulukhuni bevelu ye-HB; Uma kudingekile, sika ube yizicucu zokuhlola umthelela ngokuhlolwa komthelela womshini wokuhlola umthelela, ukuze uthole inani lomthelela
(3) Induku yokuhlola engu-1 esele kanye nebhulokhi yokuhlola engu-1 yendawo ebekiwe, kanye nesivivinyo kucekelwe phansi induku yokuhlola engu-1 kanye nebhulokhi yokuhlola kanye nebhulokhi yokuhlola impahla yomlilo ehlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​igcinwe endaweni yokubeka induku iminyaka emibili.
(Umdwebo 3) uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-valve yebhola
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-electrostatic
Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-valve nangaphambi kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, esimweni esomile, sebenzisa imitha yendawo yonke ukuhlola ukumelana kwe-12 VDC, ngokuvumelana ne-API608 ukumelana ≤10 ohms (Qaphela: Isivinini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa uketshezi ngaphakathi kwepayipi, ukungqubuzana kulula ukukhiqiza i-static ugesi, ngoba ukufakwa kukagesi, isihlalo esithambile, njenge-PTFE ipayipi lokufaka i-valve yebhola kanye nomzimba we-valve, kubangela ukuphakama kwendawo kagesi noma ukugxila, ukukhiqiza kalula ubungozi uma kwenzeka kuba nenhlansi, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nomklamo wedivayisi yokuhlushwa ephikisana ne-antistatic, imithetho ye-API608 phakathi Isiqu se-valve kanye nomzimba we-valve wokumelana nomqhubi kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10 Ω)
Inani letorque eliphansi
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yomoya engu-6Kg/cm2 yevalvu, inani le-torque le-valve litholwa imitha ye-torsion esimweni esihlanzekile nesingenawo uwoyela.
● Ukuhlolwa kwempilo
Wonke umkhiqizo omusha othuthukisiwe, noma umzimba we-valve, ikhava yevalvu, isihlalo se-valve, isiqu se-valve kanye nebhokisi lokupakisha izinguquko zokwakheka kosayizi wesakhiwo, noma isihlalo se-valve, ukupakisha izinguquko zezinto, kuzosebenzisa umshini wokuhlola impilo ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwempilo.
Izinyathelo zokukhetha i-valve
● Izici nemisebenzi eyinhloko yevalvu ifinyezwa kuThebula 11 kanye neThebula 12
● Idayamitha encane noma ukugeleza - bhekisa kukhathalogi yomkhiqizi ukuze ukhethe ububanzi obufanele bevalvu
● Ingcindezi elinganiselwe — izinga lokushisa — Bheka Ithebula 3: Ingcindezi elinganiselwe yevalvu yensimbi evamile — ithebula lokushisa
● Itheminali yevalvu — bheka isigaba sangaphambilini
(I-FIG. 4) I-valve yebhola eneziqephu ezintathu
● Impahla yesakhiwo se-valve — ukumelana nokugqwala, izinga lokushisa. Bheka kuThebula 4: umkhawulo wokushisa wokukhethwa kwempahla yezindlu zamavalvu; Ithebula 5: Umkhawulo wezinga lokushisa lokufakwa okukhethekile kwamavalvu; Ithebula 6: Itafula lokumelana nokugqwala lezinto zensimbi; Ithebula 7: Uhlu lokumelana nokuguguleka kwempahla Ithebula lesi-8: Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lezihlalo ezithambile ezivamile
● Ifomu lekhava yevalvu — uhlobo lwenhlanganisela yamazinyo okukhiya; Uhlobo oluboshiwe; Uhlobo lwe-welding ye-circumferential; Isici sokucindezela; Inhlanganisela engafanele
● Izidingo zesakhiwo esikhethekile — ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa, izindawo ezihlukene, nezimfuneko ezikhethekile
■ Ukuvimbela umlilo kanye ne-anti-static design. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwama-valve ebhola
■ Idizayini yebhonethi enwetshiwe. Isetshenziswa ku-valve yesiqandisi ukudlulisa igesi eliwuketshezi
■ Ukunciphisa umsindo kanye ne-cavitation. Ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwama-valve okulawula
■ Idizayini yesithenjwa yesikhwama sokunwetshwa ngokumelene nokuvuza kokupakisha. ● Imodi yokusebenza — bheka okumbalwa okuchazwe esigabeni 1.1 ngenhla. Ngokuvamile kukhawulelwe endaweni yokufaka, ukusebenza, izimo zokusebenza noma izikhathi, nokucatshangelwa kwedivayisi kagesi, yokushayela ugesi; Kodwa ngenxa yomnotho nokuqina kwesondo lesandla noma isinciphisi segiya, lisasetshenziswa abantu abaningi.
Ithebula 11 Izici zevalvu ezijwayelekile
Izimbangela nokugcinwa kokuhluleka kwe-valve ingxenye
Ukupakisha ukuvuza
Imbangela yenkinga
● Ukukhethwa kokugcwalisa akulungile, futhi indawo edlayo, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi ayizivumelanisi nezimo.
● Ukufakwa kokupakisha akulungile, ikakhulukazi ukupakisha konke ngokuzungezisa okokugcina, ukukhiqiza ukuvuza kulula.
● Isigcwalisi esingaphezu kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, besilokhu siguga, silahlekelwa ukunwebeka.
● Inombolo enganele yezindandatho zokupakisha.
● Ukunemba kokucutshungulwa kwesiqu noma ukuqeda phezulu akwanele, noma i-ellipticity, noma inotshi.
● Ukusebenza okungalungile, amandla amaningi.
Izindlela zokulondoloza
● Izinto zokugcwalisa kanye nohlobo kufanele kukhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza.
● Shake, impande yekhoyili kufanele ibekwe futhi icindezelwe nxazonke, ilunga libe ngu-30 noma 45.
● Ukupakisha okuguga nokonakele kufanele kushintshwe ngesikhathi.
● Isigcwalisi kufanele sifakwe ngokuya ngenani elishiwo lokujika.
● Gcina imithetho yokusebenza, ngaphandle kohlobo lwesondo lomthelela, elinesivinini esifanayo nokusebenza kwamandla okuvamile.
● Amabhawodi endlala kufanele aqiniswe ngokulinganayo futhi alingane.
Ukuvuza ku-gasket
ngani
● I-Gasket ayimelani nokugqwala, ukucindezela okukhulu, i-vacuum, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi.
● Ukusebenza akusheleli, okubangela ukucindezela kwe-valve, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
● Amandla okucindezela i-gasket awanele.
● Ukuhlanganiswa okungalungile kwe-gasket, amandla angalingani.
● Indawo ye-gasket ilukhuni, ixutshwe nodaba lwangaphandle.
Izindlela zokulondoloza
● Impahla ye-gasket kufanele ikhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza.
● Lungisa ngokucophelela, ukusebenza kahle.
● Amabhawodi kufanele aqiniswe ngokulinganayo futhi alingane.
● Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-gasket kufanele kube amandla afanayo, i-gasket ayivunyelwe ukugoqa futhi isebenzise i-gasket kabili.
● Naka ukuhlanza lapho ufaka ama-gaskets, futhi uhlanze indawo yokuvala ngophalafini.
Ukuvuza endaweni yokuvala
ngani
● Indawo yokuvala ayilingani futhi ayikwazi ukwenza umugqa oqinile.
● Iziqu nezingxenye ezivalayo zesikhungo sokuxhuma ezilengayo, ziqondile noma zigugile.
● Ukugoba kwesiqu noma ukuhlanganisa akulungile, ukuze izingxenye zokuvala zitsheke.
● Ukukhetha okungafanele kwezinto ezingaphezulu zokuvala, ukugqwala kokuvala, ukuguguleka, ukuguga.
● Ukwelashwa kwendawo nokushisa hhayi ngokwemithetho yokusebenza, ukuguga, ukugqwala, ukuqhekeka, njll.
● Indawo yokuvala iyaxebuka.
Izindlela zokulondoloza
● Ukugaya indawo evalekile, amathuluzi okugaya, ukukhetha i-ejenti ehuqayo kunengqondo, ngemva kokuhlolwa kombala wokugaya, indawo yokuvala ngaphandle kokuhlehlisa, ukuqhekeka, ukuklwebheka nokunye ukonakala.
● Isikhungo esiphezulu sokuxhuma phakathi kwesiqu kanye nengxenye yokuvala ayihlangabezani nezidingo, kufanele sinqunywe, isikhungo esiphezulu kufanele sibe nemvume ethile yomsebenzi, imvume ye-axial phakathi kwehlombe le-stem kanye nengxenye yokuvala ayikho ngaphansi kwe-2 mm.
● Qondisa futhi ugobe isiqu, lungisa isiqu, i-stem nut, izingxenye ezivalayo, isihlalo ku-eksisi evamile.
● Ukukhethwa kokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuhuzuka nokunye ukusebenza ngokuhambisana nezimo zokusebenza kwendawo yokuvala.
● I-valve yokushisa ephezulu, ngemva kokuvala ukuncipha okubandayo kubonakala i-seam emihle, ngemva kokuvala isikhawu sesikhathi esithile ukuvala futhi.
● Ukusika i-valve ye-valve, engavunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-throttle valve, i-valve yokunciphisa, izingxenye zokuvala kufanele zivuleke ngokugcwele noma zivaliwe ngokugcwele, uma kunesidingo sokulungisa ukugeleza okuphakathi nokucindezela, kufanele kusethwe ngokuhlukana kwe-throttle valve kanye ne-valve yokunciphisa.
● Indawo yokuvala engakwazi ukulungiswa kufanele ishintshwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isiqephu sokuvala sivaliwe
ngani
● Ukusebenza kabi, kangangokuthi izingxenye ezivalayo zanamathela noma ngaphezulu kwephuzu elifile eliphezulu, ukuphuka kokulimala kwamalunga.
● Izingxenye zokuvala azixhumekile ngokuqinile, ziyaxega futhi ziyawa.
● Izinto zokuxhuma azilungile, azikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kokugqoka okuphakathi nendawo.
Izindlela zokulondoloza
● Ukuze usebenze kahle, vala i-valve ayikwazi ukuba nzima kakhulu, vula i-valve ayikwazi ukudlula iphuzu eliphezulu elifile, i-valve ivuleke ngokugcwele, i-handwheel kufanele ihlehliswe kancane.
● Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zokuvala nesiqu kufanele kube okulungile futhi kuqine, futhi akumele kube nezingxenye zokubuyisela ekuxhumekeni kwentambo.
● Izixhumi ezihlanganisa izingxenye zokuvala kanye nesiqu se-valve kufanele zimelane nokugqwala kwe-medium, futhi zibe namandla athile omshini nokumelana nokugqoka, izingxenye zokuvala ziyawa nakuba zingavamile, kodwa kuyiphutha eliyingozi kakhulu.
Isiqu asiguquguquki
ngani
● Isiqu se-valve nezingxenye zayo ezihambisanayo zinokunemba okuphansi komshini kanye nokuvunyelwa okuncane kakhulu.
● Izimbazo zesiqu, i-stem nut, ubakaki, indlala nokupakishwa azikho emgqeni oqondile.
● Ukupakisha kuqine kakhulu.
● Isiqu sigobile futhi sonakele.
● Uchungechunge aluhlanzekile noma alugqwalile, izimo zokuthambisa ezingezinhle.
● Amantongomane axega, ucingo olushelelayo.
● Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesiqu se-valve nomshini wokudlulisela kukhululekile noma konakele.
Izindlela zokulondoloza
● Thuthukisa ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yokulungisa isiqu ne-stem nut, ukuze imvume kufanele ifanele.
● Isiqu somhlangano nokufakwayo, imvume iyahambisana, igxile, ishintshashintsha.
● Ukupakisha kuminyene kakhulu, khulula indlala ngendlela efanele.
● Ukugotshwa kwesiqu kufanele kulungiswe, kube nzima ukulungisa, kufanele kushintshwe. Sebenzisa isiqu ngamandla okuvala afanele.
● Izintambo zesiqu, i-stem nut kufanele ngokuvamile zihlanze futhi zengeze amafutha okugcoba, ukuze amavalvu okushisa aphezulu, agcotshwe ngephini le-disulfide noma impushana yegraphite ukuze kugcotshwe.
● I-stem nut exegayo kufanele ilungiswe, ayikwazi ukulungiswa ngesikhathi ukuze ibuyiselwe.
● Yenza uwoyela wamantongomane ubushelelezi, ugcobe kahle, ungavami ukusebenzisa i-valve, hlola njalo kanye nomsebenzi wesiqu, kutholakale ukuthi kuguge futhi kulume, kulungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele i-stem nut, ubakaki nezinye izesekeli.
● Ukuze i-valve isebenze ngendlela efanele, amandla okuvala kufanele afaneleke ukugwema ukuguquguquka nokulimala kwesiqu.
● Ngemva kokuvala, lapho i-valve ifudunyezwa futhi inwetshiwe, ngemva kokuba i-valve ivaliwe, ngesikhawu esithile, phendula isondo lesandla liye kwewashi kancane ukuze uvimbele ukuthi isiqu singabulawa. ,
Ukuvuza komzimba nebhonethi
ngani
● Umzimba wevalvu unembobo yesihlabathi noma umfantu.
● I-valve umzimba oqinile uqhekeka ngesikhathi sokushisela.
Izindlela zokulondoloza
● Indawo okusoleka ukuthi i-crack izopholishwa, kufakwe ingxube ye-nitric acid engu-4%, njengokuqhekeka kungaboniswa.
● Gcoba noma shintsha umfantu.