Ukuhlolwa kweValve kunye namanyathelo okukhetha Ukusilela kweValve ngokuyinxenye izizathu kunye nokugcinwa

Ukuhlolwa kweValve kunye namanyathelo okukhetha Ukusilela kweValve ngokuyinxenye izizathu kunye nokugcinwa

Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo: ukusebenza okusisiseko kwevalve kubandakanya amandla, ukutywinwa, ukuchasana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo yeenkalo ezintlanu. Iimveliso zeValve phambi kokuba umzi-mveliso ube novavanyo lwamandla kunye nokutywinwa kovavanyo lokusebenza, kwezinye iivalvu ezibaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka zibe kwiisampulu zebhetshi zokumelana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo imiba emithathu yovavanyo lokusebenza, ukuze ivalve yokhuseleko yenza uxinzelelo oluvulekileyo, uxinzelelo lwasemva. kunye novavanyo lokufuduswa; Kuba ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukwenza uvavanyo lovakalelo; Ukuze umgibe wenze uvavanyo lokufuduswa…
Ukuhlolwa kweValve
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso yeemveliso zevalvu kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemigangatho yelizwe efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho yoshishino. Ukuba kufuneka isatifikethi esifanelekileyo, nceda usicacise xa ufaka iodolo, kwaye iifizi ezifanelekileyo ziya kubizwa ngokungqinelana nomxholo wovavanyo.
1 Ukuhlolwa komzi-mveliso weevalvu ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya oku kulandelayo kumxholo:
● Khangela ukuba ingaba i-imathiriyeli, into engenanto, umatshini kunye nokudityaniswa kwevalvu iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yobugcisa;
● Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo: ukusebenza okusisiseko kwevalve kubandakanya amandla, ukutywinwa, ukuchasana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo yeenkalo ezintlanu. Iimveliso zeValve phambi kokuba umzi-mveliso ube novavanyo lwamandla kunye nokutywinwa kovavanyo lokusebenza, kwezinye iivalvu ezibaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka zibe kwiisampulu zebhetshi zokumelana nokuhamba, isenzo kunye nobomi benkonzo imiba emithathu yovavanyo lokusebenza, ukuze ivalve yokhuseleko yenza uxinzelelo oluvulekileyo, uxinzelelo lwasemva. kunye novavanyo lokufuduswa; Kuba ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukwenza uvavanyo lovakalelo; Ukuze umgibe wenze uvavanyo lokufuduswa;
● Amanqaku okuhlolwa kunye nepeyinti yesitshizi sokuchonga, ukupakishwa kunye neminye imiba ihambelana nezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo, isatifikethi semveliso kunye nemiyalelo yemveliso kunye namanye amaxwebhu obugcisa agqityiwe.
● Ukujonga ubungakanani: lawula ubungakanani besiphelo sokudibanisa kunye nomgama phakathi kweendawo.
(Umfanekiso 1) Uhlobo oludityanisiweyo lwevalve yebhola esecaleni
Ukuqaliswa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhlola kwinkqubo yokuvelisa
● Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali
Ngaphambi kokuphosa, ukubunjwa kwesithando somlilo ngasinye kuhlalutywa ngumhlalutyi we-spectral, kwaye ukubunjwa kuyafaneleka ngaphambi kokuphosa.
● I-Metallography, iiparamitha zeempawu zemishini, ubunzima
◆ unyango Ubushushu (austenitic steel stainless CF8, CF8M, CF3M kunye nolunye unyango isisombululo eqinileyo; Emva normalizing carbon steel), uhlalutyo metallographic lwenziwa kunye neefoto metallographic zishiywe. Ukungafanelanga ukujika iodolo
◆ Xa uphosa, isithando somlilo ngasinye sinemivalo yokuvavanya i-2 eqhelekileyo kunye neengcezu ze-2 zokuvavanya (kunye neemveliso ezifanayo zesithando somlilo zinenombolo efanayo yesithando sokulandelela ulawulo), emva kokunyanga ukushisa -
(Umfanekiso 2) ivalve yebhola enamacandelo amabini
① Enye yeentonga zovavanyo yathatyathelwa ukwenza uvavanyo lokuqina ngomatshini wokuvavanya ukufumana iiparitha ezinomatshini ezinxulumene neparamitha: amandla okuqina, amandla esivuno, ubude, ukuncitshiswa kwendawo.
② Omnye wesampulu wavavanywa nguBrinell umvavanyi wobulukhuni ukufumana ubulukhuni bexabiso le-HB; Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yinqumle kwiinqununu zovavanyo lwempembelelo kunye novavanyo lwefuthe lomatshini wokuvavanya, ukufumana ixabiso lempembelelo
(3) Intonga yovavanyo eseleyo e-1 kunye nebhloko yovavanyo e-1 yokugcinwa, kunye novavanyo lutshatyalalisiwe intonga yovavanyo e-1 kunye nebhloko yovavanyo kunye nebhloko yovavanyo lwesixhobo somlilo esidityaniswe ndawonye, ​​sigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina intonga yovavanyo iminyaka emibini.
(Umzobo 3) udidi oluhlanganisiweyo lwevalve yebhola
● Uvavanyo lwe-electrostatic
Emva kokuhlanganiswa kwevalve kunye nangaphambi kovavanyo loxinzelelo, kwimeko eyomileyo, sebenzisa imitha yendalo yonke ukuvavanya ukuchasana kwe-12 VDC, ngokutsho kwe-API608 ukumelana ≤10 ohms (Qaphela: Isantya esiphezulu ngolwelo olungaphakathi kumbhobho, ukukhuhlana kulula ukuvelisa i-static umbane, ngenxa yokuba ukugqunywa kombane, isihlalo esithambileyo, esifana ne-PTFE umbhobho wokugquma ivalve yebhola kunye nomzimba wevalve, unobangela wokunyuka kwe-electrostatic yendawo okanye ugxile, kulula ukuvelisa umngcipheko xa kukho intlantsi, ngoko ke kufuneka ube noyilo lwesixhobo soxinaniso esibulalayo, imithetho ye-API608 phakathi Isiqu sevalve kunye nomzimba wevalvu wokumelana nomqhubi kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-10 Ω)
Ixabiso letorque ephantsi
Emva kwe-6Kg / cm2 yovavanyo loxinzelelo lomoya lwevalve, ixabiso le-torque yevalve lifunyanwa ngemitha ye-torsion kwindawo ecocekileyo kunye ne-oyile.
● Uvavanyo lobomi
Yonke imveliso entsha ephuhlisiwe, okanye umzimba wevalvu, isigqubuthelo sevalvu, isitulo sevalve, isikhondo sevalvu kunye nebhokisi yokupakisha ubungakanani boyilo loyilo lotshintsho, okanye isihlalo sevalvu, ukupakisha utshintsho lwezinto, uya kusebenzisa umatshini wokuvavanya ubomi ukwenza uvavanyo lobomi.
Amanyathelo okukhetha ivalve
● Iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi ephambili yesivalo ishwankathelwa kwiThebhile 11 kunye neTheyibhile 12
● Idayamitha eqhelekileyo okanye ukuhambahamba – bhekisa kwikhathalogu yomenzi ukukhetha idiamitha yevalvu efanelekileyo
● Uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo - ubushushu - Jonga kwiThebhile 3: Uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo lwevalve yentsimbi eqhelekileyo - itheyibhile yobushushu
● Ifom yetheminali yevalvu — jonga icandelo langaphambili
(FIG. 4) Ivalve yebhola eneziqwenga ezintathu
● Izinto zesakhiwo se-valve - ukuxhathisa ukubola, ubushushu. Jonga kwiTheyibhile 4: umda wobushushu ekukhetheni izixhobo zezindlu zevalvu; Itheyibhile 5: Umda wobushushu bokufakelwa okukhethekileyo kweevalvu; Itheyibhile 6: itafile yokumelana nokubola kwezinto zetsimbi; Itheyibhile 7: Uluhlu lokumelana nokhukuliseko lwemathiriyeli Itheyibhile 8: Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokuhlala ezithambileyo zobushushu obusebenzayo
● Ifomu yokugquma ivalvu — uhlobo lwendibaniselwano yamazinyo okutshixa; Uhlobo olufakwe ngebhanti; Uhlobo lwe-welding ye-circumferential; Ukutywinwa koxinzelelo; Inhlanganisela engafanelekanga
● Iimfuno zesakhiwo esikhethekileyo - ngokuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kobushushu, iindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye neemfuno ezizodwa
■ Ukuthintela umlilo kunye noyilo oluchasene ne-static. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweevalve zebhola
■ Uyilo lwebhonethi eyandisiweyo. Isetyenziswa kwivalve yesikhenkcisi ukuhambisa irhasi enyibilikisiweyo
■ Ingxolo kunye nokunciphisa i-cavitation. Ngokukodwa kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweevalvu zokulawula
■ Uyilo lwereferensi yengxowa yokwandisa ngokuchasene nokupakisha ukuvuza. ● Imo yokusebenza — jonga ezininzi ezichazwe kwicandelo 1.1 ngasentla. Ngokubanzi kuphela kwindawo yofakelo, ukusebenza, iimeko zokusebenza okanye amaxesha, kunye nombane, ukuqwalaselwa kwesixhobo sokuqhuba umbane; Kodwa ngenxa yoqoqosho kunye nokuqina kwevili lesandla okanye isinciphisi segiya, isasetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi.
Uluhlu lwe-11 Iimpawu zevalvu ngokubanzi
Iimbangela kunye nokugcinwa kokungaphumeleli kwevalvu
Ukupakisha ukuvuza
Unobangela wengxaki
● Ukukhethwa kokuzalisa akuchanekanga, kwaye i-corrosive medium, iqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo aluvumelani.
● Ufakelo lokupakisha aluchanekanga, ngakumbi ukupakishwa okupheleleyo kwindawo yokugcina, kulula ukuvelisa ukuvuza.
● Ukugcwaliswa ngaphaya kwexesha lokusetyenziswa, kuye kwaguga, ukulahlekelwa kwe-elasticity.
● Inani elingonelanga lemisesane yokupakisha.
● Ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kwesiqu okanye ukugqiba komphezulu akwanelanga, okanye ukwakheka kweellipticity, okanye inotshi.
● Ukusebenza okungafanelekanga, amandla amaninzi.
Iindlela zogcino
● Izinto zokuzalisa kunye nohlobo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemeko zokusebenza.
● Gcoba, ingcambu yekhoyili kufuneka ibekwe kwaye icinezelwe ngeenxa zonke, idibeneyo kufuneka ibe yi-30 okanye i-45.
● Ukupakisha okuguga kunye nokonakalisiweyo kufuneka kutshintshwe ngexesha.
● Isigcwalisi kufuneka sifakwe ngokwenani elichaziweyo lokujika.
● Gcina imigaqo yokusebenza, ngaphandle kohlobo lwevili lesandla, elinesantya esifanayo kunye nokusebenza kwamandla okuqhelekileyo.
● Iibholithi zedlala kufuneka ziqiniswe ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo.
Ukuvuza kwi-gasket
ngoba
● I-gasket ayixhathisi kwi-corrosion, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-vacuum, ubushushu obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi.
● Ukusebenza akugudi, kubangela uxinzelelo lwevalvu, ukuguquguquka kobushushu.
● Amandla oxinzelelo lwe-gasket awanele.
● Indibano engafanelekanga ye-gasket, amandla angalinganiyo.
● Umphezulu we-gasket urhabaxa, uxutywe nezinto zangaphandle.
Iindlela zogcino
● Izinto zegasket kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemeko zokusebenza.
● Lungisa ngononophelo, ukusebenza ngokutyibilikayo.
● Iibholithi kufuneka ziqiniswe ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo.
● Ukudibanisa i-gasket kufuneka ibe namandla afanayo, i-gasket ayivumelekanga ukuba iqhube kwaye isebenzise i-gasket kabini.
● Nika ingqalelo ekucoceni xa ufaka iigaskets, kwaye ucoce indawo yokutywina ngeparafini.
Ukuvuza kwindawo yokutywina
ngoba
● Umphezulu wokutywina awulingani kwaye awukwazi ukwenza umgca oqinileyo.
● Isiqu kunye neendawo ezivalayo zeziko loqhagamshelo zijinga, zithe ngqo okanye zigugile.
● Ukugotywa kwesiqu okanye ukudibanisa akuchanekanga, ukuze iindawo zokuvala zijike.
● Ukukhetha okungafanelekanga kokutywinwa kwezinto ezingaphezulu, ukutywinwa kwe-corrosion, ukukhukuliseka, ukunxiba.
● Ukulungiswa komgangatho kunye nokushisa okungekho ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza, ukunxiba, ukubola, ukuqhekeka, njl.
● Umphezulu wokutywina uyaxobuka.
Iindlela zogcino
● Ukutywinwa kwendawo yokusila, izixhobo zokugaya, ukukhethwa kwe-ejenti ye-abrasive kunengqiqo, emva kokuhlolwa kombala wokugaya, ukutywinwa kwendawo ngaphandle kwe-indentation, i-cracks, i-scratches kunye nezinye iziphene.
● Iziko eliphezulu lokudibanisa phakathi kwesiqu kunye nenxalenye yokuvala ayihambelani neemfuno, kufuneka inqunywe, isikhungo esiphezulu kufuneka sibe ne-axial clearance phakathi kwe-stem shoulder kunye nenxalenye yokuvala ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-2. mm.
● Yolula kwaye ugobe isiqu, lungisa isiqu, i-stem nut, iindawo zokuvala, isihlalo kwi-axis eqhelekileyo.
● Ukukhethwa kokumelana ne-corrosion, ukumelana ne-abrasion kunye nokunye ukusebenza ngokuhambelana neemeko zokusebenza kwendawo yokutywinwa.
● I-valve ephezulu yokushisa, emva kokuvala i-shrinkage ebandayo ibonakala i-seam ecocekileyo, emva kokuvala ikhefu lexesha elithile ukuvala kwakhona.
● Ukunqumla i-valve ye-valve, engavumelekanga ukusebenzisa i-valve ye-throttle, i-valve yokunciphisa, i-valve yokunciphisa, i-valve yokuvala kufuneka ivule ngokupheleleyo okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuba imfuneko yokulungelelanisa ukuhamba okuphakathi kunye noxinzelelo, kufuneka ibekwe ngokwahlukileyo i-valve ye-throttle kunye ne-valve yokunciphisa.
● Umphezulu wokutywina ongenakuhlengahlengiswa kufuneka utshintshwe ngexesha.
Iqhekeza lokuvala
ngoba
● Ukusebenza kakubi, ukwenzela ukuba iindawo zokuvala zibambelele okanye zingaphezulu kwendawo efileyo ephezulu, ukuphuka komonakalo odibeneyo.
● Amalungu okuvala awadityaniswanga ngokuqinileyo, akhulule kwaye awele.
● Izinto zokudibanisa azilungile, azikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-medium and mechanical wear.
Iindlela zogcino
● Ukuze usebenze ngokuchanekileyo, vala i-valve ayinakuba nzima kakhulu, vula i-valve ayinakudlula indawo ephezulu yokufa, i-valve ivule ngokupheleleyo, i-handwheel kufuneka iguqulwe kancinane.
● Udibaniso phakathi kwamacandelo okuvala kunye nesiqu kufuneka luchaneke kwaye luqine, kwaye akufuneki kubekho iinxalenye zokubuya kumdibaniso womsonto.
● I-fasteners edibanisa iindawo zokuvala kunye ne-valve stem kufuneka imelane nokubola kwendawo ephakathi, kwaye ibe namandla athile omatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqoka, iindawo zokuvala ziyawa nangona zinqabile, kodwa ziyingozi kakhulu iphoso.
Isiqu asibhetyebhetye
ngoba
● Isiqu sevalve kunye namalungu aso ahambelanayo anobuchwephesha obuphantsi bokuchaneka kunye nokususwa okuncinci kakhulu.
● I-axes yesiqu, i-stem nut, isibiyeli, idlala kunye nokupakishwa azikho kumgca othe tye.
● Ukupakisha kuxinene kakhulu.
● Isiqu sigobile kwaye sonakele.
● Umsonto awucocekanga okanye awunomhlwa, iimeko zokuthambisa kakubi.
● Amandongomane aqhawuke, ucingo olutyibilikayo.
● Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwesikhondo sevalve kunye nesixhobo sothumelo sikhululekile okanye sonakele.
Iindlela zogcino
● Ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa komgangatho we-stem kunye ne-stem nut, ukuze ukukhutshwa kufanele kube ngokufanelekileyo.
● Isiqu sendibano kunye nokufakelwa, ukucocwa kuyahambelana, kugxininise, ukujikeleza okuguquguqukayo.
● Ukupakisha kuxinene kakhulu, khulula idlala kakuhle.
● Ukugotywa kwesiqu kufuneka kulungiswe, kube nzima ukukulungisa, kufuneka kutshintshwe. Sebenzisa isiqu ngamandla okuvala afanelekileyo.
● Imisonto yesiqu, i-stem nut ifanele ngokufuthi icoce ize yongeze ioli yokuthambisa, kwiivalvuvu zobushushu obuphakamileyo, ifanele iqatywe ngephini le-disulfide okanye umgubo wegraphite ukuze kuthanjiswe.
● I-Stem nut ekhululekileyo kufuneka ilungiswe, ayinakulungiswa kwangethuba ukuze ibuyiselwe.
● Yenza i-oyile ye-nut igudiswe, i-lubrication elungileyo, musa ukusebenzisa ivalve rhoqo, ukukhangela rhoqo kunye nomsebenzi wesiqu, ukufumanisa ukuguga kunye nokuluma, ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo le-stem nut, isibiyeli kunye nezinye izincedisi.
● Ukusebenzisa isivalo ngokuchanekileyo, amandla okuvala kufuneka afaneleke ukuthintela ukuguquka kwesikhondo nokonakala.
● Emva kokuvala, xa ivalve ifudunyezwa yaza yandiswa, emva kokuba ivalve ivaliwe, kwisithuba esithile, jika ivili lesandla ngasekunene ukuze uthintele ukubulawa kwesiqu. ,
Ukuvuza komzimba kunye nebhonethi
ngoba
● Umzimba wevalvu unomngxuma wesanti okanye intanda.
● I-Valve body tensile crack ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-welding.
Iindlela zogcino
● Indawo ekucingelwa ukuba i-crack ibe kuyo iya kugudiswa, kunye ne-4% ye-nitric acid etching isisombululo, esifana neentanda ezinokuboniswa.
● Gcoba okanye ubuyisele intanda.