Kuwunika kwa ma valve ndi masitepe osankha Mavavu alephera pang'ono zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kukonza

Kuwunika kwa ma valve ndi masitepe osankha Mavavu alephera pang'ono zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kukonza

Kuyesa kwa magwiridwe antchito: magwiridwe antchito a valve amaphatikiza mphamvu, kusindikiza, kukana kuyenda, kuchitapo kanthu ndi moyo wautumiki wazinthu zisanu. Vavu mankhwala pamaso fakitale ayenera kukhala mphamvu mayeso ndi kusindikiza ntchito mayeso, kwa mavavu ena zofunika kwambiri, ayenera kukhala mu batch zitsanzo kwa otaya kukana, zochita ndi moyo utumiki mbali zitatu za mayeso ntchito, kuti valavu chitetezo kuchita kuthamanga lotseguka, kupanikizika kumbuyo. ndi kuyesa kwa kusamuka; Kwa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kuti ayese sensitivity; Kuti trap ipange mayeso a displacement…
Kuyendera ma valve
Kuwunika kwapamwamba kwa fakitale kwa zinthu za valve kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi miyezo yoyenera ya dziko ndi miyezo yamakampani. Ngati satifiketi yoyenera ikufunika, chonde ifotokozereni poyitanitsa, ndipo ndalama zoyenera zidzaperekedwa malinga ndi zomwe zayesedwa.
1 Kuwunika kwa fakitale kwa ma valve nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu izi:
● Yang'anani ngati zinthu, zopanda kanthu, kukonza ndi kusonkhanitsa vavu zikukwaniritsa miyezo yaukadaulo;
● Mayesero a ntchito: ntchito yaikulu ya valve imaphatikizapo mphamvu, kusindikiza, kukana kutuluka, kuchitapo kanthu ndi moyo wautumiki wa zinthu zisanu. Vavu mankhwala pamaso fakitale ayenera kukhala mphamvu mayeso ndi kusindikiza ntchito mayeso, kwa mavavu ena zofunika kwambiri, ayenera kukhala mu batch zitsanzo kwa otaya kukana, zochita ndi moyo utumiki mbali zitatu za mayeso ntchito, kuti valavu chitetezo kuchita kuthamanga lotseguka, kupanikizika kumbuyo. ndi kuyesa kwa kusamuka; Kwa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kuti ayese sensitivity; Kuti msampha uyese kuyesa kusamuka;
● Zizindikiro zoyendera ndi zizindikiritso za utoto wopopera, kulongedza ndi zinthu zina zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira, satifiketi yazinthu ndi malangizo azinthu ndi zolemba zina zaukadaulo ndizokwanira.
● Kuwona kwa kukula: kulamulira kukula kwa mapeto ogwirizanitsa ndi mtunda pakati pa malo.
(Chithunzi 1) Mtundu wophatikizika wa valavu ya mpira
Kuyambitsa zinthu zofunika zowunikira pakupanga
● Kapangidwe ka mankhwala
Asanaponyedwe, mawonekedwe a ng'anjo iliyonse amawunikidwa ndi spectral analyzer, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala koyenera asanaponyedwe.
● Metallography, mechanical properties parameters, kuuma
◆ Kutentha mankhwala (austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri CF8, CF8M, CF3M ndi zina olimba njira mankhwala; Pambuyo normalizing mpweya zitsulo), kusanthula metallographic ikuchitika ndi zithunzi metallographic zatsala. Osayenerera osatembenuza dongosolo
◆ Poponya, ng'anjo iliyonse imakhala ndi mipiringidzo ya 2 yoyesera ndi zidutswa zoyesera za 2 (zokhala ndi ng'anjo zomwezo zimakhala ndi nambala yofanana ya ng'anjo kuti ziwongolere), pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha -
(Chithunzi 2) valavu yamagulu awiri
① Imodzi mwa ndodo zoyeserera idatengedwa kukayesa mayeso olimba ndi makina oyesera kuti apeze zida zamakina zokhudzana ndi magawo: kulimba kwamphamvu, mphamvu zokolola, elongation, kuchepetsa madera.
② Chimodzi mwa zitsanzozo chinayesedwa ndi Brinell hardness tester kuti apeze kuuma kwa mtengo wa HB; Ngati ndi kotheka, dulani zidutswa zoyesa zoyeserera ndi kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa makina, kuti mupeze phindu
(3) Otsala 1 mayeso ndodo ndi 1 chipika mayeso kwa nkhokwe, pamodzi ndi mayeso wawonongedwa 1 mayeso ndodo ndi chipika mayeso ndi ng'anjo zinthu kusanthula chipika chomanga m'mitolo pamodzi, kusungidwa muyeso ndodo posungira pachivundikirocho kwa zaka ziwiri.
(Chithunzi 3) Integrated mpira valavu pamwamba mounting mtundu
● Electrostatic test
Pambuyo pa kusonkhana kwa valve ndi kuyesa kupanikizika, mukamauma, gwiritsani ntchito mita yapadziko lonse kuyesa kukana kwa 12 VDC, malinga ndi API608 kukana ≤10 ohms (Dziwani: Kuthamanga kwambiri kudzera mumadzimadzi mkati mwa payipi, kukangana ndikosavuta kutulutsa static magetsi, chifukwa kutchinjiriza magetsi, mpando zofewa, monga PTFE chitoliro kutchinjiriza valavu mpira ndi valavu thupi, chifukwa m'deralo electrostatic nyamuka kapena anaikira, zosavuta kutulutsa chiopsezo ngati spark, kotero ayenera kukhala ndi mapangidwe conductive antistatic ndende chipangizo, API608 malamulo pakati tsinde la valavu ndi thupi la valve la kukana kwa conductor liyenera kukhala lochepera 10 Ω)
Mtengo wotsika wa torque
Pambuyo pa 6Kg / cm2 kuyesa kwa mpweya wa valavu, mtengo wa torque wa valve umapezeka ndi mita ya torsion mu malo oyera komanso opanda mafuta.
● Chiyeso cha moyo
Chilichonse chatsopano chomwe chimapangidwa, kapena thupi la valavu, chivundikiro cha valve, mpando wa valve, tsinde la valavu ndi kusintha bokosi la mapangidwe apangidwe, kapena mpando wa valve, kulongedza kusintha kwa zinthu, kudzagwiritsa ntchito makina oyesa moyo kuti ayese moyo.
Masitepe osankha ma valve
● Makhalidwe ndi ntchito zazikulu za valve ndizofupikitsidwa mu Table 11 ndi Table 12
● M'mimba mwake mwadzina kapena kuyenda - tchulani kabukhu la wopanga kuti musankhe valavu yoyenera
● Kuthamanga koyezedwa — kutentha — Onani Table 3: Kuthamanga kwa valavu wamba yachitsulo — tebulo la kutentha
● Fomu yolumikizira ma valve — onani gawo lapitalo
(FIG. 4) Vavu ya mpira wamagulu atatu
● Mavavu kapangidwe ka zinthu - kukana dzimbiri, kutentha. Onani Table 4: malire a kutentha kwa ma valve osankha zinthu; Table 5: Kutentha kwa malire kwa zida zapadera za ma valve; Table 6: tebulo kukana dzimbiri zipangizo zitsulo; Tebulo 7: Mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zimakana kukokoloka kwa zinthu Gawo 8: Zida zofewa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamipando yokhazikika
● Chivundikiro cha vavu — mtundu wosakaniza mano wotseka; Mtundu wa bolted; Mtundu wowotcherera wozungulira; Chisindikizo cha Pressure; Kuphatikiza kosagwirizana
● Zofunikira zapadera - malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kutentha, malo osiyanasiyana, ndi zofunikira zapadera
■ Kupewa moto ndi anti-static design. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve a mpira
■ Mapangidwe owonjezera a bonati. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu refrigerating valve potumiza gasi wamadzimadzi
■ Phokoso ndi kuchepetsa cavitation. Makamaka pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve owongolera
■ Kapangidwe kachikwama kokulirakulira motsutsana ndi kutayikira. ● Njira yogwirira ntchito - onani zingapo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu gawo 1.1 pamwambapa. Nthawi zambiri okha unsembe chilengedwe, ntchito, zinthu ntchito kapena nthawi, ndi magetsi, magetsi pagalimoto chipangizo kuganizira; Koma chifukwa chachuma komanso kulimba kwa gudumu lamanja kapena chochepetsera zida, chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi anthu ambiri.
Table 11 Makhalidwe a valve General
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kukonza kulephera kwa valve
Kutolera kutayikira
Choyambitsa vutoli
● Kusankha zodzaza sikoyenera, ndipo sing'anga yowonongeka, kutentha, kupanikizika sikumasintha.
● Kulongedza kuyika sikuli kolondola, makamaka kulongedza mozungulira mozungulira, kosavuta kutulutsa kutayikira.
● Wodzaza kupitirira nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, wakhala akukalamba, kutaya kwa elasticity.
● Kusakwanira kwa mphete zonyamulira.
● Kulondola kwa tsinde kapena kutsirizitsa pamwamba sikokwanira, kapena ellipticity, kapena notch.
● Kugwira ntchito molakwika, kukakamiza kwambiri.
Njira zosamalira
● Zida zodzaza ndi mtundu ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito.
● Gwirani, muzu wa koyilo uyenera kuyikidwa ndikuunikizira mozungulira, cholumikizira chizikhala 30 kapena 45.
● Zonyamula zokalamba ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.
● Filler ayenera kuikidwa molingana ndi chiwerengero cha matembenuzidwe otchulidwa.
● Tsatirani malamulo oyendetsera ntchito, kupatula mtundu wa gudumu lamanja, lokhala ndi liwiro lofanana komanso mphamvu yanthawi zonse.
● Maboliti a gland ayenera kumangika mofanana komanso mofanana.
Kutuluka kwa gasket
chifukwa
● Gasket sagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, vacuum, kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika.
● Ntchito si yosalala, kuchititsa valavu kuthamanga, kutentha kusinthasintha.
● Mphamvu yamagetsi ya gasket sikokwanira.
● Kusakaniza kosayenera kwa gasket, mphamvu yosagwirizana.
● Gasket pamwamba pake, wosakanikirana ndi zinthu zakunja.
Njira zosamalira
● Zida za gasket ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito.
● Sinthani mosamala, ntchito yosalala.
● Maboti ayenera kumangika mofanana ndi symmetrically.
● Gasket msonkhano uyenera kukhala yunifolomu mphamvu, gasket saloledwa kugudubuza ndi ntchito gasket iwiri.
● Samalani poyeretsa poika ma gaskets, ndipo yeretsani malo osindikizira ndi palafini.
Kutayikira pa kusindikiza pamwamba
chifukwa
● Malo osindikizira ndi osagwirizana ndipo sangapange mzere wothina.
● Zigawo za tsinde ndi kutseka kwa malo olumikizirana atapachikidwa, molunjika kapena kuvala.
● Kupindika kwa tsinde kapena kusanganikirana sikuli kolondola, kotero kuti mbali zotsekerazo zimapindika.
● Kusankhidwa kosayenera kwa zinthu zosindikizira pamwamba, kusindikiza pamwamba pa dzimbiri, kukokoloka, kuvala.
● Kutentha ndi kutentha osati molingana ndi malamulo a ntchito, kuvala, corrosion, ming'alu, etc.
● Malo osindikizira akusefukira.
Njira zosamalira
● Kusindikiza pamwamba, zida zogwiritsira ntchito, kusankha kwa abrasive agent ndizomveka, pambuyo poyang'ana mtundu wa utoto, kusindikiza pamwamba popanda indentation, ming'alu, zokopa ndi zolakwika zina.
● Pamwamba pa kugwirizana pakati pa tsinde ndi gawo lotsekera silikugwirizana ndi zofunikira, ziyenera kukonzedwa, pamwamba pake payenera kukhala ndi chilolezo cha ntchito inayake, chilolezo cha axial pakati pa phewa la tsinde ndi gawo lotseka silochepera 2. mm.
● Wongolani ndi kupindika tsinde, sinthani tsinde, mtedza wa tsinde, mbali zotsekera, khalani pa axis wamba.
● Kusankhidwa kwa kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa abrasion ndi ntchito zina zogwirizana ndi momwe ntchito yosindikizira ikuyendera.
● High kutentha valavu, pambuyo kutseka ozizira shrinkage amaoneka bwino msoko, pambuyo kutseka imeneyi ya nthawi inayake kutseka kachiwiri.
● Kudula valavu ya valve, osaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yamagetsi, kuchepetsa valavu, kutseka mbali ziyenera kukhala zotseguka kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu, ngati pakufunika kusintha kayendedwe kapakati ndi kupanikizika, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosiyana ndi valve yochepetsera.
● Malo osindikizira omwe sangathe kusinthidwa ayenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.
Chotsekera chidutswa
chifukwa
● Zoipa ntchito, kotero kuti kutseka mbali munakhala kapena kuposa pamwamba akufa mfundo, olowa kuwonongeka fracture.
● Zigawo zotsekera sizimalumikizidwa mwamphamvu, zimamasuka ndi kugwa.
● Zida zolumikizira sizili zolondola, sizingathe kupirira kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga ndi makina ovala.
Njira zosamalira
● Kuti mugwire bwino, kutseka valavu sikungakhale kolimba kwambiri, tsegulani valavu silingapitirire pamwamba pakufa, valavu yotseguka mokwanira, gudumu lamanja liyenera kusinthidwa pang'ono.
● Kulumikizana pakati pa mbali zotsekera ndi tsinde kuyenera kukhala kolondola ndi kolimba, ndipo pasapezeke zigawo zobwerera ku ulusi.
● Zomangamanga zomwe zimagwirizanitsa mbali zotsekera ndi tsinde la valve ziyenera kupirira kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga, ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zamakina ndi kuvala kukana, mbali zotsekera zimagwa ngakhale kuti ndizosowa, koma ndizoopsa kwambiri.
Tsinde silisinthika
chifukwa
● Tsinde la valavu ndi mbali zake zofananira zimakhala ndi makina otsika komanso chilolezo chochepa kwambiri.
● Nkhwangwa za tsinde, mtedza wa tsinde, bulaketi, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timapanga tating'onoting'ono.
● Kulongedza katundu kumakhala kothina kwambiri.
● Tsinde lopindika ndi kuwonongeka.
● Ulusi sukhala waukhondo kapena wa dzimbiri, ndipo ulibe mafuta.
● Mtedza womasuka, ulusi wozembera waya.
● Kulumikizana pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi chipangizo chotumizira ndi chotayirira kapena kuwonongeka.
Njira zosamalira
● Limbikitsani kulondola kwa kukonza ndi kukonza khalidwe la tsinde ndi tsinde, kuti chilolezocho chikhale choyenera.
● tsinde la msonkhano ndi zopangira, chilolezo chimakhala chokhazikika, chokhazikika, chosinthasintha.
● Kulongedza ndi kothina kwambiri, tsitsani chithokomiro bwino.
● Kupindika kwa tsinde kuyenera kukonzedwa, kovuta kuwongolera, kuyenera kusinthidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito tsinde ndi mphamvu yotseka yoyenera.
● Ulusi wa tsinde, nati nthawi zambiri umayenera kuyeretsa ndi kuthira mafuta opaka, kuti mavavu a kutentha kwambiri azipaka pini ya disulfide kapena ufa wa graphite kuti azipaka mafuta.
● Mtedza wa tsinde uyenera kukonzedwa, sungathe kukonzedwanso munthawi yake.
● Pangani mafuta a nati kukhala osalala, opaka bwino, musagwiritse ntchito valavu nthawi zambiri, kufufuza nthawi zonse ndi ntchito ya tsinde, zomwe zapezeka ndi kuluma, kukonzanso panthawi yake tsinde nati, bulaketi ndi zina zowonjezera.
● Kuti valavu igwiritse ntchito moyenera, mphamvu yotseka iyenera kukhala yoyenera kuti musawononge tsinde ndi kuwonongeka.
● Mukatseka, valavu ikatenthedwa ndi kukulitsidwa, valavu ikatsekedwa, pakapita nthawi, tembenuzirani gudumu lamanja mozungulira pang’ono kuti tsinde lisaphedwe. ,
Kutuluka kwa thupi ndi bonnet
chifukwa
● Thupi la vavu lili ndi dzenje lamchenga kapena ming'alu.
● Mng'alu wokhazikika wa ma valve panthawi yowotcherera.
Njira zosamalira
● Malo omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ming'alu adzapukutidwa, ndi 4% nitric acid solution etching, monga ming'alu ingawonetsedwe.
● Fukula kapena kusintha ming’aluyo.