Binciken Valve da matakan zaɓi Valve ɓarna na gazawar ɓarna da kiyayewa

Binciken Valve da matakan zaɓi Valve ɓarna na gazawar ɓarna da kiyayewa

Gwajin aiki: ainihin aikin bawul ɗin ya haɗa da ƙarfi, rufewa, juriya mai gudana, aiki da rayuwar sabis na fannoni biyar. Samfuran Valve kafin masana'anta dole ne gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfi da gwajin aikin hatimi, don wasu mahimman bawuloli na musamman, yakamata su kasance cikin samfuran tsari don juriya mai gudana, aiki da rayuwar sabis abubuwa uku na gwajin aiki, don bawul ɗin aminci don yin buɗaɗɗen matsa lamba, matsa lamba na baya. da gwajin ƙaura; Don matsa lamba rage bawul don yin gwajin hankali; Don tarko don yin gwajin ƙaura…
Binciken Valve
Ya kamata a gudanar da gwajin ingancin masana'anta na samfuran bawul bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ma'auni na masana'antu. Idan ana buƙatar takardar shaidar da ta dace, da fatan za a saka ta lokacin yin oda, kuma za a caje kuɗaɗe masu dacewa bisa ga abun cikin gwaji.
1 Binciken masana'anta na bawuloli yawanci ya haɗa da abubuwan ciki guda uku masu zuwa:
● Bincika ko kayan, blank, machining da taro na bawul sun hadu da ka'idodin fasaha;
● Gwajin aiki: ainihin aikin bawul ɗin ya haɗa da ƙarfi, hatimi, juriya mai gudana, aiki da rayuwar sabis na fannoni biyar. Samfuran Valve kafin masana'anta dole ne gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfi da gwajin aikin hatimi, don wasu mahimman bawuloli na musamman, yakamata su kasance cikin samfuran tsari don juriya mai gudana, aiki da rayuwar sabis abubuwa uku na gwajin aiki, don bawul ɗin aminci don yin buɗaɗɗen matsa lamba, matsa lamba na baya. da gwajin ƙaura; Don matsa lamba rage bawul don yin gwajin hankali; Don tarko don yin gwajin ƙaura;
● Alamar dubawa da fenti fenti, marufi da sauran al'amura sun dace da abubuwan da suka dace, takardar shaidar samfur da umarnin samfur da sauran takaddun fasaha sun cika.
Duba girman: sarrafa girman ƙarshen haɗawa da nisa tsakanin saman.
(Hoto 1) Haɗe-haɗen ball bawul gefen hawa nau'in
Gabatar da mahimman abubuwan dubawa a cikin tsarin masana'antu
● Abubuwan sinadaran
Kafin yin simintin gyare-gyare, ana nazarin abun da ke tattare da kowace tanderu ta hanyar nazartar yanayi, kuma abun da ke ciki ya cancanta kafin yin simintin.
● Metallography, sigogi na kayan aikin injiniya, taurin
◆ Heat magani (austenitic bakin karfe CF8, CF8M, CF3M da sauran m bayani jiyya; Bayan normalizing da carbon karfe), metallographic bincike ne da za'ayi da metallographic hotuna da aka bar. Mara cancanta ba a juya oda ba
◆ Lokacin yin simintin gyare-gyare, kowace tanderun tana da sandunan gwaji guda 2 da gwanayen gwaji guda 2 (tare da samfuran tanderu iri ɗaya suna da lambar tanderu iri ɗaya don gano iko), bayan maganin zafi -
(Hoto na 2) bawul ɗin ball guda biyu
① Ɗaya daga cikin sandunan gwajin da aka ɗauka don yin gwajin gwaji tare da na'ura mai gwadawa don samun abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da kayan aikin injiniya: ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, elongation, rage yanki
② Ɗaya daga cikin samfuran an gwada ta ta Brinell hardness tester don samun ƙimar HB taurin; Idan ya cancanta, yanke cikin ɓangarorin gwajin tasiri tare da gwajin tasirin tasirin injin, don samun ƙimar tasiri
(3) Ragowar sandar gwaji guda 1 da shingen gwaji guda 1 don ajiyar, tare da gwajin an lalatar da sandar gwaji guda 1 da shingen gwaji da kuma toshe gwajin kayan tanderun da aka haɗa tare, an adana su a cikin ma'ajin ajiyar sandar gwajin har tsawon shekaru biyu.
(Hoto 3) hadedde ball bawul saman hawa irin
● Gwajin Electrostatic
Bayan taro na bawul da kuma kafin gwajin matsa lamba, a cikin bushewa, yi amfani da mita na duniya don gwada juriya na 12 VDC, bisa ga API608 juriya ≤10 ohms (Lura: Babban sauri ta cikin ruwa a cikin bututun, gogayya yana da sauƙi don samar da a tsaye. wutar lantarki, domin ga lantarki rufi, taushi wurin zama, kamar PTFE bututu rufi ball bawul da bawul jiki, haifar da gida electrostatic Yunƙurin ko mayar da hankali, da sauki don samar da kasada idan akwai walƙiya, don haka dole ne ya yi zane na conductive antistatic maida hankali na'urar, API608 dokokin tsakanin Tushen bawul da jikin bawul na juriya ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 10 Ω)
Low karfin juyi darajar
Bayan gwajin matsa lamba na iska na 6Kg / cm2 na bawul, ana samun ƙimar ƙarfin bawul ɗin ta hanyar torsion mita a cikin tsabta da mara mai.
● Gwajin rayuwa
Kowane sabon samfurin da aka haɓaka, ko jikin bawul, murfin bawul, wurin zama, bawul mai tushe da fakitin girman girman tsarin canje-canje, ko kujerar bawul, canje-canjen kayan, za su yi amfani da injin gwajin rayuwa don yin gwajin rayuwa.
Matakan zaɓin Valve
● An taƙaita halaye da manyan ayyuka na bawul a cikin Table 11 da Table 12
Diamita na ƙididdiga ko kwarara - koma zuwa kundin masana'anta don zaɓar diamita mai dacewa
● Matsa lamba mai ƙima - zafin jiki - Koma zuwa Tebur 3: Matsakaicin matsi na bawul ɗin ƙarfe na gama gari - tebur zazzabi
● Sigar tashar tashar bawul - duba sashin da ya gabata
(FIG. 4) Bawul ɗin ball guda uku
● Bawul tsarin abu - lalata juriya, zazzabi. Koma zuwa Tebur 4: iyakar zafin jiki don zaɓin kayan gidaje na bawul; Tebur 5: Ƙayyadadden zafin jiki na kayan aiki na musamman na bawuloli; Table 6: tebur juriya na lalata kayan ƙarfe; Tebura 7: Jerin juriya na zaizayar abu Tebura 8: Kayan zama mai laushi gama gari masu dacewa da zafin jiki
● Tsarin murfin Valve - nau'in haɗin hakora na kulle; Nau'in da aka kulle; Nau'in walda na kewaye; Hatimin matsa lamba; Haɗin sabani
● Abubuwan buƙatun tsari na musamman - bisa ga amfani da zafin jiki, wurare daban-daban, da buƙatu na musamman
∎ Rigakafin wuta da ƙira mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Dole ne a biya kulawa ta musamman ga ƙira da amfani da bawul ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa
∎ Tsararriyar ƙirar bonnet. Ana amfani da bawul ɗin firiji don isar da iskar gas
■ Ƙayyadaddun amo da cavitation. Musamman don ƙira da amfani da bawuloli masu sarrafawa
∎ Ƙirar ƙira na buhun faɗaɗa game da zubar da kaya. Yanayin aiki - duba da yawa da aka kwatanta a sashe na 1.1 a sama. Gabaɗaya iyakance ga yanayin shigarwa, aiki, yanayin aiki ko lokuta, da la'akari da na'urar tuƙi na lantarki, lantarki; Amma saboda tattalin arziki da dorewar dabarar hannu ko mai rage kayan aiki, har yanzu yawancin mutane suna amfani da shi.
Table 11 Janar bawul halaye
Dalilai da kiyaye gazawar bawul ɗin ɓangarori
Shirye-shiryen yabo
Dalilin matsalar
● Zaɓin filler ba daidai ba ne, kuma matsakaici mai lalata, zazzabi, matsa lamba ba ya daidaitawa.
● Shigar da kaya ba daidai ba ne, musamman ma duka shiryawa a cikin jujjuyawar ajiya, mai sauƙin samar da ɗigogi.
● Filler fiye da lokacin amfani, ya kasance tsufa, asarar elasticity.
● Rashin isasshen adadin zoben tattarawa.
● Daidaiton sarrafa tushe ko ƙarewar saman bai isa ba, ko haɓakawa, ko daraja.
● Ayyukan da ba daidai ba, ƙarfin da ya wuce kima.
Hanyoyin kulawa
● Ya kamata a zaɓi kayan filler da nau'in bisa ga yanayin aiki.
● Girgizawa, sai a sanya saiwar murhu a dunkule a zagaye, haɗin gwiwa ya zama 30 ko 45.
● Ya kamata a maye gurbin tsufa da kayan da suka lalace cikin lokaci.
● Ya kamata a shigar da filler bisa ga ƙayyadadden adadin juyi.
● Bi ƙa'idodin aiki, sai dai nau'in abin tasiri na hannu, tare da gudu iri ɗaya da aikin ƙarfi na al'ada.
● Ya kamata a ɗaure ƙusoshin gland a daidai ko'ina.
Leakage da gasket
me yasa
● Gasket baya jure lalata, matsa lamba, vacuum, high ko low zafin jiki.
● Aiki ba shi da santsi, yana haifar da matsa lamba, yanayin zafi.
● Ƙarfin matsewar Gasket bai isa ba.
● Ba daidai ba taro na gasket, m karfi.
● Gasket saman ƙasa, gauraye da al'amuran waje.
Hanyoyin kulawa
● Ya kamata a zaɓi kayan gasket bisa ga yanayin aiki.
● Daidaita a hankali, aiki mai santsi.
● Ya kamata a danne bolts daidai gwargwado da daidaitacce.
● Taron Gasket ya kamata ya kasance da ƙarfi iri ɗaya, ba a yarda da gasket ya yi tafiya tare da amfani da gasket biyu ba.
● Kula da tsaftacewa lokacin shigar da gaskets, kuma tsaftace wurin rufewa da kerosene.
Leakage a saman rufewa
me yasa
Wurin rufewa bai yi daidai ba kuma ba zai iya samar da layi mai tsauri ba.
● Tushe da rufe sassan cibiyar haɗin gwiwa a rataye, madaidaiciya ko lalacewa.
Lankwasawa ko taro ba daidai ba ne, ta yadda sassan rufewa su karkata.
● Zaɓin da ba daidai ba na abin rufewa, rufewar lalacewa, yashwa, lalacewa.
● Kulawa da zafi ba bisa ka'idodin aiki ba, lalacewa, lalata, fasa, da dai sauransu.
● Fuskar da ke rufewa.
Hanyoyin kulawa
● Seling surface nika, nika kayan aikin, abrasive wakili selection ne m, bayan nika canza launi dubawa, sealing surface ba tare da indentation, fasa, scratches da sauran lahani.
● Babban cibiyar haɗin kai tsakanin tushe da ɓangaren rufewa bai dace da buƙatun ba, ya kamata a gyara shi, babban cibiyar ya kamata ya sami wani izinin aiki, ƙaddamarwa tsakanin kafadar kafa da ɓangaren rufewa ba kasa da 2 ba. mm.
● Daidaita kuma lanƙwasa kara, daidaita kara, kara goro, sassan rufewa, wurin zama a kan gadi na kowa.
● Zaɓin juriya na lalata, juriya na abrasion da sauran ayyuka a cikin layi tare da yanayin aiki na farfajiyar rufewa.
● Babban bawul ɗin zafin jiki, bayan rufewar sanyin sanyi yana bayyana kabu mai kyau, bayan rufe tazara na wani lokaci don sake rufewa.
● Don yanke bawul ɗin bawul, ba a ba da izinin yin amfani da bawul ɗin magudanar ba, rage bawul, sassan rufewa ya kamata a buɗe su gabaɗaya ko cikakken rufaffiyar matsayi, idan buƙatar daidaita matsakaicin matsakaici da matsa lamba, ya kamata a saita bawul ɗin magudanar daban da rage bawul.
● Ya kamata a maye gurbin abin rufewa wanda ba za a iya daidaita shi cikin lokaci ba.
A kashe guntun rufewa
me yasa
● Aiki mara kyau, ta yadda sassan rufewa suka makale ko fiye da saman matattu, raunin haɗin gwiwa.
● Sassan rufewa ba su da alaƙa da ƙarfi, sako-sako da faɗuwa.
● Abubuwan haɗin kai ba daidai ba ne, ba zai iya tsayayya da lalata na matsakaici da na inji ba.
Hanyoyin kulawa
● Don yin aiki daidai, rufe bawul ɗin ba zai iya zama da wahala sosai ba, buɗe bawul ɗin ba zai iya wuce mataccen mataccen mataccen ba, bawul ɗin ya buɗe sosai, ya kamata a juyar da ƙafafun hannu kaɗan.
● Haɗin tsakanin sassan rufewa da tushe ya kamata ya zama daidai kuma mai ƙarfi, kuma kada a sami sassan dawowa a haɗin zaren.
● Abubuwan haɗin da ke haɗa sassan rufewa da bututun bawul ya kamata su yi tsayayya da lalatawar matsakaici, kuma suna da wani ƙarfin injiniya kuma suna da juriya, sassan rufewa suna faɗi ko da yake ba kasafai ba, amma kuskure ne mai haɗari.
Tushen baya sassauƙa
me yasa
● Tushen bawul ɗin da sassan da suka dace da shi suna da ƙarancin daidaiton mashin ɗin kuma ƙananan sharewa.
● Gatura na kara, kara goro, sashi, gland da tattarawa ba su cikin layi madaidaiciya.
● Shiryawa yayi matsi sosai.
● Tushen ya lanƙwasa ya lalace.
● Zaren ba shi da tsabta ko tsatsa, rashin kyawun yanayin sa mai.
● Kwayoyi sako-sako da, zaren zamewar waya.
● Haɗin da ke tsakanin bututun bawul da na'urar watsawa sako-sako ne ko lalace.
Hanyoyin kulawa
● Haɓaka daidaiton aiki da ingancin gyare-gyaren ƙwaya da ƙwaya, don cirewa ya kamata ya dace.
● Ƙimar taro da kayan aiki, ƙaddamarwa daidai ne, mai da hankali, juyawa mai sassauƙa.
● Marufi ya matse sosai, shakata gland ɗin yadda ya kamata.
● Ya kamata a gyara lanƙwasawa, da wuya a gyara, a maye gurbinsa. Yi aiki tare da ƙarfin rufewa daidai.
● Tushen, zaren goro ya kamata a tsaftace su da yawa kuma a ƙara mai mai lubricating, don bawul ɗin zafin jiki, ya kamata a shafe shi da fil ɗin disulfide ko graphite foda don lubrication.
● Ya kamata a gyara kwaya mai sako-sako, ba za a iya gyarawa cikin lokaci don maye gurbin ba.
● Sanya man goro mai santsi, mai kyau mai kyau, ba sau da yawa aiki da bawul, dubawa na yau da kullun da aiki na kara, sami lalacewa da cizon sabon abu, gyaran ƙwaya mai dacewa, sashi da sauran kayan haɗi.
● Don yin aiki da bawul ɗin daidai, ƙarfin rufewa ya kamata ya dace don guje wa lalacewa da lalacewa.
● Bayan rufewa, lokacin da bawul ɗin ya yi zafi kuma ya shimfiɗa, bayan an rufe bawul, a wani ɗan lokaci, juya tawul ɗin hannu a kusa da agogo kadan don hana karan daga kashe. ,
Yabo na jiki da bonnet
me yasa
Jikin bawul yana da rami ko yashi.
● Ƙunƙarar ƙanƙara a jikin bawul yayin gyaran walda.
Hanyoyin kulawa
● Za a goge wurin da ake zargi da fashewa, tare da 4% nitric acid bayani etching, kamar tsaga za a iya nuna.
● Haƙa ko maye gurbin tsagewar.